Since the end of 2019，Human society has always been suffering from the new crown pneumonia epidemic。New Crown Pneumonia virus looks like a pair of magic claws to tear a crack in the whole society，Let people look at their vulnerability and mutual dependence。In this epidemic，How to make ethical choices in human society also affects the political pattern of the world and global health and safety。March 2020，In the condolences of French President Macron，General Secretary Xi Jinping first proposed a major initiative of "Building a Community of Human Health and Health"。May of the same year，General Secretary Xi Jinping issued a speech entitled "Solidarity and Health Community of Human Health and Health" entitled "Unity and Cooperation to Champion Epidemic and Joint Construction of Human Health and Health Community" at the opening ceremony of the 73rd World Health Conference video conference.。At this public health crisis time，Building a community of human health and health is not just a rational call，The call of human nature。Human health community is not a political entity in the traditional sense，A cooperative body reached on the basis of global unity resistance ethical consensus，It aims to emphasize that global health is an organic whole。For the health of each other，The international community needs to consolidate watching and help、Waiting for equality、tolerance of each other、Tongli cooperation and consensus that benefits together，Pay actual action for this。The epidemic of new crown pneumonia provides unique historical opportunities for the formation of this cooperation。Human ethical thoughts from ancient times to the present laid a solid theoretical basis for building a community of human health and health，Generally there is a four -ethical theoretical resource。

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Marx Engels believes that the community is the basic way of human existence。People always live in a certain community，and this community must first be based on individuals with life。Marx Engels pointed out in "German Ideology"，"The first premise of all human history is undoubtedly the existence of life of life。Therefore，The first fact that needs to be confirmed is the Bet365 app download physical organization of these individuals and the personal relationship between the individuals generated by this "。"The first premise of all human survival，The first premise of all history，This premise is: people in order to ‘create history’，Must be able to live "。"Production of Life，Whether it is to produce your own life through labor，Still produce the lives of others through fertility，Immediately manifested as a dual relationship: on the one hand, a natural relationship，On the other hand, social relations; the meaning of social relationships here refers to the common activity of many people，No matter what conditions this common activity is、What method and the purpose of the purpose。"" here，Marx Engels focuses on emphasizing the importance of human life existence。This life exists in two production relations -production and reproduction，These two production relations are also placed under the background of nature and social relations，and must be carried out through labor activities，Labor is the common activity of many people，People do labor activities for the existence of life of life，Forming a community，This common body can also be regarded as "community of life"。Second，Marx Engels distinguishes "real community" and "false community"，It is pointed out that the form of existence of future human society is the "true community" formed by everyone after everyone gets comprehensive and free liberation，That is the "Liberty Unite"。and the characteristic of "false community" is that it is claimed to represent universal interests，In fact, it is only for some people's interests。The Communist Declaration points out，"In a bourgeois society，Capital has independence and personality，The individual who moves with no independence and personality "，"Instead of the old society that exists in the old and bourgeoislas of class and class，will be such a consortium，Where，The free development of everyone is the condition of all people's free development "。The goal of the pursuit of the human health community is not just representing some countries、Some class、The "false community" of the interests of certain groups，but the "real community" formed for global health。Here，Everyone can enjoy health rights equally。again，Marx Engels also puts the health of the people in the general public in the primary bet365 live casino games position，Emphasizing that the working class must unite to form a community to pursue their own life rights and liberation。Based on a personal research on the class of British workers under the conditions of the 19th century capitalist conditions，Engels criticized the capitalist society in "British Workers Class Status".，3289_3317，Send them to the grave prematurely "。Engels called on the British worker class to realize that he is not a single、Member of the isolated nation，but a member of the great human family，And its own interests are consistent with all human interests; as a member of this "unified and inseparable" human family，Must be united to fight with the bourgeoisie，Efforts to be "People who really meet the meaning of the word human"。Therefore，The concept of building a community of human health and health is the new era of socialism with Chinese characteristics to inherit and develop the theory of Marx Engels Community and people's health thoughts。

　The moral concept of the ethical tradition of benevolence and love of the Chinese nation

The ethical tradition and the ethical concept of the people formed by the 5,000 -year historical accumulation of the Chinese nation are the traditional ethical and cultural genes and resources of building a community of human health and health。The concept of the community of human health and health is also promoting this tradition and moral concept itself to the times and the world，Become a model of the spirit of the times and the ethical values ​​of the East。Western ethics tradition and contemporary ethics values，Ru individualism、utilitarian、Liberalism、Practicalism，Compared with rationalism and atomic values，The ethical values ​​of China and the East attach more attention to the group、Society、Relations and Nature Value，"Slim、Qi Jia、Governing the country、Pingtianxia "is not only the ideal moral pursuit of everyone，It is also the internal belief and behavioral guidelines of the Chinese government and the Chinese people in the global new crown pneumonia's epidemic in the global new crown pneumonia.。If you do not understand the morality of the Chinese nation and the moral concept of life，It is impossible to understand the moral motivation of the Chinese people to build a community of human health and health，and the world of mind，I hope that "unified and inseparable" every member of the human family will get the original intention and practice of health guarantee。In Chinese ethical bet365 best casino games and cultural traditions，Confucian ethics rich in deep life first、The psychological beliefs and value pursuit of benevolence life，and the theoretical meaning of the profound "community of life"。Confucian emphasis on life -oriented、Taking thick life as virtue，Emphasize the integration of benevolence and everything。such as，Primitive Confucian literature "The Analects of Confucius", "Mencius", "Xunzi", "Book of Songs", "Book of Shang", "Book of Rites", "Zhou Yi", etc.，No exception emphasizes "benevolent lovers"，The basis of treating the Tao as the ontology of the ethics of benevolence，The purpose of heaven is to respect and care for the lives of people and all things。In this sense,，Confucianism is the moral politics based on people's livelihood，The so -called "good virtue to neglect the hearts of the people"，and can continue for humans and nature to continue，Human society must also establish an ethical order，Pursuing "all things and breeding without each other", "Xiehe Wanbang" and the people's peaceful community ideal。Therefore，In Confucian ethics，Life is the book，Tiandao and Humanity、Benevolence and German politics both reflect the care of people's livelihood。In all things in heaven and earth，Only "and" can keep life and continue，This means that life itself is a community，The community is the basic form and prerequisite of the existence of life，This is exactly what Xunzi said, "Everything has its own harmony"，and Dong Zhongshu's "De Mo is greater than", "Sheng He must also", "the way of heaven and earth is beautiful"。Building a community of human health and health also pursues the goal of "symbiotic" with "and"。

　Discussion on global health and common morality for life ethics

In the era of globalization，Any local health and disease problems may spread and evolve into global problems。Life Ethics was born in the 1960s，There are four classic principles -the principle of justice、Respect the principle of autonomy、The principle of no harm and the principle of kindness。In the era of globalization，Human society is increasingly recognized that in the face of various global public health crises，Can anyone be alone。Correspondingly，Life Ethics has gradually developed a new dimension in the second half of the 20th century -global life ethics with global problems and international cooperation，The significance of its existence is to pursue the goal of global bet365 Play online games health。The outbreak of the new crown pneumonia also made people deeply recognize，Need to make a critical response to global health issues based on global ethics and common morals。Some scholars in favor of global life ethics and common morality have begun to discuss the theoretical basis of this position，There are five perspectives: First，Global ethics and common morality is a product of interaction between the common value of all mankind and cultural diversity，The result of continuous communication between global discourse and local practice。2，Human dignity is the primary principle of global ethics and common morality。such as，At the "15th World Life Ethics Conference" held in July 2020，Some scholars discuss the "what is human dignity? How to construct the dignity of life? How to ensure the dignity of every life?"。American scholar James Bolkade pointed out，Due to the influence of scientific restoration theory，The concept of human dignity seems to have fallen into a trough，But the new crown pneumonia epidemic has once again awakened humans to believe that "dignity" is still an important concept that can unite humans，It is a one that can connect to individual and society、Bridge of the country and the country。Third，Global life ethics and common morality belong to human rights words，Resort of human rights provides the former with effective practical ways。Fourth，Global Ethics Responsibility is the basis for global ethics and common morals。The responsibility here contains respect for human fragility、Global Unity、Global Cooperation、Global justice、Social Responsibility、Protection offspring、Protecting the environment、Ethical principles such as biosphere and biological diversity。Fifth，The bottom line of global life ethics and common morality is oppression。Some feminist philosophers call on life ethics to recognize the hidden and unfairness of oppression，Ask whether specific practice and policies have exacerbated the existing compression mode。This can be seen，Life Ethics，Especially the discussion of global life ethics for global health and common morality is also an important ethical theoretical resource to build a community of human health and health。

　Public Health Ethics Spirit of Humans and Plague

"In the long river of development of human society，Infectious diseases are always a major threat。A history of human civilization can be said to be a history of human struggle with Bet365 lotto review the plague。"" In the process of human civilization，There are always three types of enemies: plague、Famine and War。Plague has always threatened the survival of human civilization，and the discipline of public health play a vital role in saving human life。In the history of public health，The selflessness shown by humans in the process of fighting against the plague、Brave、Care、Unity、Dedication and other public health ethics spirit，It is also an important ethical theoretical resource to build a community of human health and health。

First，The history of the resistance of humans and plague contains the idea of ​​the community of sanitation and health。Therefore，Explanation and understanding the ethical values ​​and moral choices of different cultural situations in different times and different cultural situations to deal with plague，Compared with the similarities between them，How to choose a harmonious coexistence in various different moral choices，You can write a human being for survival and development，History of the combination of a community of sanitary health。At the same time，People can also experience the choice of "survival or destruction" from the two lessons provided by this history.，and different countries、The impact of different groups and individual health and health rights，Then through view of history、Based on the current、Discuss the meaning and way of building a community of human health and health community for the future。Second，Plague not only affects the process of human civilization in a complex and subtle way，The ethical values ​​formed in the struggle with the plague also affect the understanding of human beings for plague，and the efforts made to defeat various plague。When the epidemic of new crown pneumonia is raging，Modern people need to pass the history of public health，Learning experience，Reflection lessons，Understand how the spirit of public health ethics is formed and developed at the time of crisis。Because at a critical moment，steering wheel that dominates human destiny and life and death choices，It is these ethical spirit。again，The history of human resistance to the plague is also the history of building the concept and ethical system of human hygiene -health community。such as，Unity formed by human society in the history of anti -plague、Justice、The concept of trust and cooperation is not only the ethical pillar of bet365 Play online games global health，Also constantly allocating medical resources in fair allocation、Reduce the burden on the disease of the poor、Improve the conditions for improving sanitary conditions and prevent epidemic dissemination of important role。American philosopher Dan Bichem thinks，"Public health belongs to the ethical field because it is not only related to the explanation of diseases in society，It is also related to the improvement of this situation。In addition to the purpose of the tool，Public health also involves overall goals，Expressing the promise of all the people's sincere unity facing death and disease "。

In short，Building a community of human health and health，Realize global unity resistance，Need to surpass ideological disputes，Ethical consensus of condensing the community of human health and health。

　　(This article is the major project of the National Social Science Fund "Entrepreneurship Ethical Path Study on the Construction of Human Health and Health" (21&ZD057) Staged results)

(Author Unit: College of Marxism University of Tsinghua University)