Tongmeng reading is not only the knowledge of the ancient people、Cultural literacy、Crystal of value concept，At the same time as an important part of the ancient Chinese classics, spread to neighboring countries and regions。Ping An Times (794-1192) is the first climax period in the history of Japanese literature，It is also an important watershed in the history of Tongmeng reading。Trying and research of children's masters，For the cultural generation of the Christian era、The pulse of development，Exploring the core influence of Chinese culture overseas has important data value。

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After the renovation is renovated，Japan actively imitates the Tang Dynasty law system，"Learning Order" stipulates that the central government sets the Ming Dynasty、Book Tao、Dao Dao and other subjects，Get noble juveniles from 13 to 16 years old to study "Zhou Yi", "Shang Shu", etc.。But the official Tongmeng education institution was not set up at that time，Most of them through noble private science。So，Early Tongmeng education age range boundary border blur，Lack of Tongmeng reading materials。794 years，Emperor Wu Wu's capital moved to Ping An Beijing to the early half of the 9th century.，Born "Ling Yiji", "Mandarin Heroes", "The Economic Collection", three parts of the Han poems，It is formed by Japanese Chinese literature、The golden period of development，There are also many records Bet365 lotto review about Chinese children's Mongolian books in the literature of this period。

The book catalog compiled by Fujiwara Sasaki "Japanese State Selection in the Bibliography" includes the Analects of Confucius "Thousand Characters" and related notebooks，also incorporated Chinese children's Mongolian books such as "Cangjie", "Urgent Plus", "Kaimeng Yao Yue Training"。other，Yuanshun (911-983) wrote "Famous Gathering"、Prince of Ping Ping (964-1009) wrote "Cangjie" in "Hong Jue Wai Ceremony"。"Express", also known as "Urgent Chapters"，Written by the Western Han Dynasty Ling Shiyou，Use three words、Four words、Seven -character rhyme named name、Item Name，Easy to remember。The monk Kong Hai (774-835) who sent Tang envoys into the Tang Dynasty (774-835) also contained the "Survival Table" when he presented to Emperor Saga.，It is likely to be empty sea’s own copy。

"Thousand Characters", "Li Yan Hundred Yong", "Meng Qiu" and "He Han Lang Yong Ji" was a common Book of Tongmeng Education at the time。The poems of the early Tang Dynasty poet Li Yan were sent to the east of the Tang Dynasty to Japan during the Mid -Tang Dynasty，"Li Yong Baiyong" contains a series of chanting poems created by it，At that time, Japan was regarded as a model of Chinese poetry creation，Also known as "Li Yan Bai Xing Yong", "Li Yan Miscellaneous Yong"，Emperor Saga of Japan (786-842) the most famous calligraphy masterpiece is "Li Yan Miscellaneous Win Board"。It is considered to be learned、The preferred "Mongolian" preferred by idioms was written by Li Han in the Tang Dynasty，Pick the ancient personnel trace from the classics of the classics，The whole book uses four bet365 Play online games words rhyme，Four words per sentence，Two sentence pairs。The proverb recorded from "The Collection of Treasures" "Persuasion of the College of the College Seeking"，It can be seen that the private institutions of the Fujiwara family in the Ping'an era -persuaded the college to learn the style of learning atmosphere。"He Hanlang Yong Ji" is a category compiled by Fujiwara Public (966-1041) to include the selection of Han poems and songs，Hangs Poetry Sentence Multi -choice Bai Juyi Poetry。Ota Corporal Erlang thinks，At that time, "Thousand Characters", "Li Yan Hundreds of Yong", "Meng Qiu" and other Chinese children's Mongolian books prevailed in Japan，Mainly due to their three common features: easy to learn from the palm and reason、Idioms; each sentence is fixed and rhyme，Suitable for recitation;。These characteristics show that the main learning methods of children are reading memories，On the other hand, it also reflects the society of the society at that time、Respect of Yunwen。

It is worth noting that，"Rabbit Garden Books" and "Taigong Family Education", which are also privately private textbooks in the Tang and Song dynasties, also introduced to Japan，Unfortunately 囿 囿 囿 囿 囿，It is difficult to confirm whether it is used as a textbook for children's stage，But these textbooks undoubtedly provide rich information for Chinese learners。To some extent，It can be said that the colorful Tongmeng readings in China are the prosperity of Chinese literature in the peace era、The foundation for maturity。

　　New Tong Mongolian Books will come and go

At the end of the 9th century，Japan stops sending Tang envoys，In addition, the pseudo -name and Bet365 lotto review literature boom up，Japanese culture begins to present obvious localization features，Chinese literature enters Zaichang/ZTE、Differential/disintegration period。Although Chinese children's books, as always, are as long as primary education，However, there are also children's masters written by Japanese such as "Oral", "Continued Thousand Words", and "Tong Meng Song Yun"。

"Oral" is a popular knowledge readings written by the source (? - 1011)。Meteorological from Chinese culture、Agriculture、Ethics and other aspects outside，also included Japanese geography recorded with Wanye fake name、History、Vulgar Cultural Knowledge，Therefore, later generations were often used in Ji Gu。Source Weixian also compiled the editor of the proverb and its "World Proverns"，The readings compiled with obvious secularization、Localization features，Reflected the nobility's understanding and observation of the real society at that time。

"Continued Thousand Words" is the earliest "different thousand -character text" created by San Shan Weikang (1049-1139)，After the book is completed, many Japanese nobles、Ode to literati。The so -called "Different Thousand Characters"，refers to imitating "Thousand Characters"，Chinese characters other than 1,000 words contained in the book or works with specific content with 1000 words。Three Good Weikang's "Continued Thousand Words" currently only stores 742 words，Compared with Zhou Xingyu's "Thousand Characters", there are only 4 words repeat，Among them, it is not only incorporated into the historical celebrity allusions，It also reflects some of the views of Buddhism。San Shanwei also wrote Bet365 lotto review the rhyme book "Tong Meng Song Yun"，It is designed to teach the rhythmic knowledge necessary for poetry。"Tong Meng Song Yun" is the "Summary" book，Only 2992 flat rhyme characters are selected from "Cut Rhyme" to be listed in Shangping、In the 16 rhymes of the flat，Four characters and one sentence，Two sentence pairs，Remark the meaning of the word or the pronunciation of Chinese characters on the left side of the rhyme，Lames of Japanese pronunciation on the right，It can be said that it is an attempt for localization of rhyme books。

Late Ping An Times，The letter of essays, known as the "exchanges", began as literacy、Xi Zi Template Popularity。"Metale" originated from the Chinese biometer，At the end of the Ping An Times to the early Meiji period, we have gained a lot of development，According to statistics，More than 7,000 kinds of "exchanges" were generated before the beginning of the Meiji period。The earliest "existing objects" in existing existing "Ming Heng Exchanges"，Also known as "Yunzhou Exchange", "Mingheng News", "Yunzhou News"，This book uses the form of variant Chinese to record between nobles、About ritual between noble and monks、More than 200 letters of festival activities。With the development of society，Later generations also appeared in "Tingxun", "Tian She Exchanges", "Business Sale" and so on.、Another、Merchants and other different classes、"Details" of practical knowledge and etiquette system in different disciplines，Become an important enlightenment reading。Another，Book in the end of the Ping An Times、"Real Language Education" widely popular in the Kamakura era，Five words bet365 Play online games and one sentence，Two sentences relative，Although not a letter，It is also often regarded as "exchanges"。This book encourages young children to read and increase wisdom、Promote Confucian thought，It reflects the influence of Chinese culture in this period of junior education in this period。

Some Japanese scholars think，The main learning acquisition method in the safe era is "copying"，This method is reflected in the aforementioned "Oral" and other Ping An era.。In terms of harmony，Fujiwara Kiyoshi (1104-1177) wrote "He Ge Junior Copy"、Fujiwara Famili (1107-1165) wrote "He Ge Tong Meng" and so on，Picking "Wan Ye Ji" to descend and the song concentration，Imitation -like books divide the door，and a lot of reference、Copy Han Dynasty for annotation。In the early days of Kamakura，Yuanguangxing (1163-1244) "Children who teaches childish children" compiled "Bai Yong Hede", "Meng Qiu Hedu", "Lefu He Ge"，Stories in "Li Yong Bai Yong", "Meng Qiu" and "Bai's Collection"、The poems are chanting and song，Copy recording、Translation Chinese to comment，reflect the strong vitality and far -reaching influence of Chinese children's masters。

Tongmeng reading in the Ping An era covers literacy education、knowledge popularization、Poetry Enlightenment、Dexing Education and other aspects，The influence of Tongmeng readings and Chinese culture from China and Chinese culture，Lile the solid cornerstone of Japanese Tongmeng Education。The localization creation of Japanese children's Mongolian books，Variations formed by Chinese culture overseas，Continuing the influence of Chinese culture。From this perspective，The relationship between Chinese children's masters bet365 best casino games in Japan and their relationship with their localized children's Mongolian books，It is worth further studies by scholars。

(This article is the "Pinged and Research on Ping An Times of Japan" (18WWC001) phased achievement)

(Author Unit: School of Foreign Language and Literature, Nanjing University of Technology)