Xu Dixin (1906-1988)，Original news，People from Jieyang, Guangdong，Economist，The founder and practitioner bet365 bonus code louisiana Sinicization of Marxist economics。Xu Dixin actively explored the path of China’s new democratic economic development during the democratic revolution，And made outstanding progress in combining Marxism with China’s new democratic economic research，His economic thoughts are very rich and distinctive，Especially the theory and practice of socialist transformation、The role bet365 bonus code louisiana law of value in the socialist economy、Research on the relationship between socialist production and the ecological environment has achieved very clear and significant results，The historical process of promoting the sinicization of Marxist economics was started earlier，Making significant contributions to the construction of China’s Marxist economic system。

　　After 1926，Xu Dixin studied at Sun Yat-sen University、Xiamen University、Studying at Shanghai Labor University，Have a strong interest in political economics，Start studying "Das Kapital" here。Joined the Communist Party of China in 1933，Formerly served as Party Secretary bet365 bonus code louisiana Chinese Union of Social Scientists、Member bet365 bonus code louisiana Cultural Committee bet365 bonus code louisiana Shanghai Bureau bet365 bonus code louisiana Communist Party of China。During the Anti-Japanese War，Ren Wuhan、Editor of Chongqing Xinhua Daily，Editor-in-Chief of "Chongqing" Weekly。Liberation War Period，Served as an editorial board member bet365 bonus code louisiana "People" weekly in Hong Kong and founded the "Economic Herald"。Autumn 1948，Concurrently serves as Secretary bet365 bonus code louisiana United Front Committee bet365 bonus code louisiana Hong Kong Working Committee bet365 bonus code louisiana Communist Party of China，And named after "Fang Chaosheng"，Served as editor-in-chief bet365 bonus code louisiana supplement "Economic Life" of Hong Kong's "Ta Kung Pao"。After the founding of New China，Served as a member bet365 bonus code louisiana Shanghai Municipal Committee bet365 bonus code louisiana Communist Party of China、Minister bet365 bonus code louisiana United Front Work Department，Deputy Director of East China Finance Commission and Shanghai Finance Commission、Director of Municipal Industry and Commerce Bureau，Vice Minister bet365 bonus code louisiana United Front Work Department bet365 bonus code louisiana CPC Central Committee，Director bet365 bonus code louisiana State Administration Bureau，Vice President bet365 bonus code louisiana Chinese Academy of Social Sciences、Director bet365 bonus code louisiana Economic Research Institute，President of Shantou University，Vice President of China United Front Theory Research Association、President bet365 bonus code louisiana Demographic Society of China and Chairman bet365 bonus code louisiana Chinese Ecological Economics Society，Also served as a member bet365 bonus code louisiana Editorial Committee of "Encyclopedia of China" and Director bet365 bonus code louisiana Editorial Committee of "Encyclopedia of China·Economics"。After 1956，Xu Dixin was elected as a representative bet365 bonus code louisiana Eighth National Congress bet365 bonus code louisiana Communist Party of China，Member bet365 bonus code louisiana third session bet365 bonus code louisiana National Committee bet365 bonus code louisiana Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference and number one in the National People’s Congress、三、五、Sixth Representative，The fifth National People’s Congress、Member bet365 bonus code louisiana Sixth Standing Committee。

Xu Dixin is a Marxist economist with rich practical experience in economic leadership。His research fields are very broad，While researching and promoting Marxist economic theory，Strive to promote the integration of China’s economic construction practice and Marxist theory，This vigorously promoted the Sinicization of Marxist economics。His research results are very fruitful，Self-contained system。Before 1949，His main works include "Modern Chinese Economic Tutorial", "The Road of Chinese Economy", "Economic Theory", "Bureaucratic Capital", "New Democracy and the Chinese Economy", "New Democratic Economic Theory", etc.。The works written after the founding of New China mainly include "General Political Economy", "A Brief History of Economic Thought", "Analysis bet365 bonus code louisiana National Economy in China's Transitional Period", "On the Production, Circulation and Distribution of Socialism", "Xu Di's Selected New Economic Writings", "Chinese Society" "Problems in the Development of Socialist Economy", "Reforms of China's National Economy", "Exploration of Ecological Economics", "Xu Di's New Selections", "Contemporary China's Population", "Wind and Frost", "Xu Di's New Collection", etc.；And editor-in-chief of "Dictionary of Political Economy" (three volumes)、"History bet365 bonus code louisiana Development of Capitalism in China" (three volumes)、"Encyclopedia of China·Economics" (three volumes), etc.。Although these works inevitably have some historical limitations due to the limitations bet365 bonus code louisiana times，But it has also left a lot of valuable ideological wealth and experience accumulation for the development of my country's socialist economic theory and the progress of economic work practice。Combining the historical background to sort out the development of his writings，You can get a glimpse of Xu Dixin as a revolutionary、The theorist and economic leader has multiple roles and has long insisted on the in-depth integration of general theory and special practice、An outstanding life of unity of knowledge and action。

Taking the lead in exploring Marxist political bet365 bonus code louisiana research in China

After the outbreak bet365 bonus code louisiana all-out Anti-Japanese War in 1937，Xu Dixin was released on bail by the party organization and sent to Wuhan to participate in the founding bet365 bonus code louisiana party magazine "People" weekly and the party newspaper "Xinhua Daily"。In the meantime，Readers often write in asking questions about studying political economics。He deeply felt that even after reading a lot of political economics books，But still unable to solve the practical problems he came into contact with，Because of different countries、Every nation’s economic and social development has its own characteristics，We cannot mechanically copy the theories of other countries to guide our own economic development practices。From this，Xu Dixin had the desire to write a political economics book that combines the universal theory of Marxism-Leninism with China's specific economic conditions。So，Inspired by the idea of ​​"establishing general political economy" proposed by Engels in 1877 and the idea of ​​"concrete Marxism in China" proposed by Mao Zedong，He began studying general political economy in the early 1940s，Strive to write a film suitable for China’s national conditions，Can explain China’s economic phenomena，General political economics works that solve China’s economic problems and future development path。After years of hard work，The three-volume "General Political Economy" was finally published in 1949 and 1954 respectively。This book is hailed by the theoretical circles as a masterpiece in the sinicization of Marxist economic theory，For this reason, Mr. Xu was respected as the pioneer of China’s general political economics。

Spring 1960，Premier Zhou Enlai proposed to Xu Dixin，Now the transformation of China’s capitalist economy has been basically completed，A historical summary should be made of it，And gave him the task of writing a "History bet365 bonus code louisiana Development of Capitalism in China"。So，Xu Dixin regards the writing of this work as an important academic practice for the concrete realization of Marxist theory in China，Started planning in 1962，Collect and organize information。Affected by the "Cultural Revolution"，The plan was temporarily interrupted。However，During this period，He studied the classics with great concentration，"Boiling black tea in the middle bet365 bonus code louisiana night，Fireside reading of "Kapital" (transliteration of "Das Kapital")"，Read again and again、In-depth understanding bet365 bonus code louisiana multi-dimensional meaning of Marx’s Capital，And wrote 450,000 words of notes。On this basis，In 1979, Xu Dixin wrote and published "On Socialist Production、Circulation and Distribution (Reading Notes on Capital)" book。In this work，He took the hints about economic categories and economic laws after the abolition bet365 bonus code louisiana capitalist mode of production in Marx's Capital as a clue，A detailed examination bet365 bonus code louisiana practice of socialist construction in China，And build your own theoretical system from this。1983，He revised and republished this work。1978，The book "History bet365 bonus code louisiana Development of Capitalism in China" has also begun to organize the writing team to work again。He formulated the guiding ideology，Written the outline，Written the general introduction。To 1993，This three-volume economic history masterpiece of more than 2 million words，Finally completed under his guidance。

1977，Xu Dixin was serving as the director bet365 bonus code louisiana Institute of Economics, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences，Commissioned by the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences and the Ministry of Education，Served as editor-in-chief，Compile a "Dictionary of Political Economy" suitable for the needs bet365 bonus code louisiana majority of cadres and teachers and students in colleges and universities。This three-volume "Dictionary of Political Economics" (published in 1980 and 1981) collected the culmination of domestic political economics research at that time，Very popular among readers after publication。To improve popularity，1983，Xu Dixin also presided over the compilation and publication of "A Concise Dictionary of Political Economics"。1978，The State Council decided to edit and publish the "Encyclopedia of China"。Xu Dixin serves as a member bet365 bonus code louisiana Editorial Committee of "Encyclopedia of China"，And serves as the chief editor of "Encyclopedia of China·Economics"。He organized colleges and universities across the country、Compiled by hundreds of experts and scholars from research institutions and financial departments。These two large dictionaries were published in 1980、Published successively in 1988，They have been since the founding of New China，Especially an important historical summary bet365 bonus code louisiana theoretical research results of political economics since the Third Plenary Session bet365 bonus code louisiana Eleventh Central Committee。This series of economics reference books is useful for popularizing economics knowledge，It is of great significance for economic research and service economic construction practice。

Comprehensive construction of new democratic bet365 bonus code louisiana theory and its policy system

In the war years，Due to work，Xu Dixin is against imperialism、Have a deep understanding bet365 bonus code louisiana current national economic situation of old China under the oppression of feudalism and bureaucratic capitalism，Also has a deep understanding bet365 bonus code louisiana practice of new democratic economic theory and policies in the liberated areas，Become a Marxist economist with great influence in that period，has been active at the forefront of economic research at that time。This period，Some of his economic monographs mainly discuss the economic form of new democracy and its economic policies，His views on rural land policy and land reform issues、Commercial circulation and domestic market issues、In-depth research on prices and currency circulation issues，And achieved fruitful results。

In "New Democratic Economics"，Xu Dixin focuses on the extremely uneven land ownership in rural China，Elucidates the Chinese Communist Party’s “equal land distribution” policy，Discussed the necessity and feasibility of "equally dividing the land"，Expanding the political influence bet365 bonus code louisiana Chinese Communist Party’s land policy。Xu Dixin believes that "equal distribution of land" is an important policy bet365 bonus code louisiana Communist Party of China to solve farmers' land problems during the democratic revolution，But "equally dividing the land" is not "egalitarianism"，Part bet365 bonus code louisiana middle peasants must be allowed to retain a higher amount of land than the average amount of land obtained by the average poor peasant；He started from reforming feudal production relations in rural areas、Promote agricultural collectivization、The height of developing rural productivity，Proposed “equal distribution of land according to population”。His thoughts and discussions，Played an important role in publicity and coordination for the land policy bet365 bonus code louisiana Communist Party of China at that time and the agrarian revolution before the founding of New China。Xu Dixin also discussed the necessity and significance of land reform after the founding of New China from the perspective of "cooperative economy"。He proposed: land reform, especially "equal distribution of land"，Can promote farmers to become independent individual economies，Thereby creating conditions for “economic cooperation in agriculture”，And ultimately promote farmers to move towards collectivization。Xu Dixin believes that the key basis for agricultural economic cooperation is that farmers first truly possess individual economic conditions，In other words, after the land reform, farmers "have become independent individual economies with land, farming, funds, seeds and fertilizers"，Only then can we have the foundation and conditions to move towards a cooperative economy；Only "thorough equal distribution of land"，Only farmers can get rid bet365 bonus code louisiana shackles of feudal production relations，So as to have independent individual economic qualifications，The vast rural areas are “ready to meet the conditions for collectivization”。This innovatively reveals the historical inevitability of land reform from an economic perspective and its role in transforming rural production relations、The importance of promoting the development of rural productivity。In addition，His view that the land reform movement of “equal distribution of land” belongs to the “category of capitalism” rather than socialism，Also responded to many questions from the society。

Xu Dixin thinks，The difference between a new democratic society and a socialist society is，In a new democratic society，Private capitalism representing the small and medium bourgeoisie，It is still an indispensable component in production，He advocates effectively broadening the domestic market and strengthening trade by creating various conditions for the commodity economy that meet the requirements of China's new democratic economic development。Therefore，In "The Path of China's Economy"，Xu Dixin analyzed the subordinate status of commerce in old China and its serious impact on the Chinese economy。He pointed out，China’s business is in a subordinate position to the foreign imperialist commodity economy，Serving foreign countries to obtain industrial raw materials、The need to promote foreign-invested products，Therefore, the entire domestic commerce has become “promoting imported goods of imperialist powers or manufactured goods in China，And the economic institutions that absorb raw materials and food for them”，Domestic commerce becomes subordinate to comprador commerce。Foreign capitalist economic aggression and the resulting subordinate status of Chinese business，It has had a fatal impact not only on China's industry but also on China's agriculture and handicrafts。And the subsidiary status of Chinese business，It also enables foreign goods (agricultural products or handicrafts) to be imported into China smoothly，This situation is "high-pressure competition" for Chinese farmers and craftsmen。Accordingly，He believes that an important step in China’s economic development is to pay attention to national regulation and control，More emphasis on developing free trade，Develop capitalism to a certain extent，And consider expanding the domestic market as a key task for internal trade。Xu Dixin thinks，At that time, we opposed the monopoly manipulation of big bureaucratic capital，The organizational and regulatory role bet365 bonus code louisiana state in the market is of course indispensable，But when looking at the general direction bet365 bonus code louisiana domestic market，liberate the peasants、The development of handicraft industry and the establishment of new industries play a key role in promoting the formation bet365 bonus code louisiana domestic market，The purpose is to effectively expand the domestic market by establishing conditions consistent with the commodity economy，Therefore it is very important to develop free trade。Not only that，In view bet365 bonus code louisiana fact that some people believed that the new democratic countries were at a disadvantage in foreign trade，Xu Dixin also advocates active development of foreign trade、Reasonable use of foreign capital，To enhance the economic strength of new democratic countries。

Xu Dixin’s research on new democratic economic theory and its policy system，Closely connected with the actual life bet365 bonus code louisiana new democratic society at that time，Especially the price issue and the currency issue behind it。Just after the Anti-Japanese War，Xu Dixin noticed that the problem of rising prices will occur in Chinese society，believes that the entry of American goods and continued inflation are the two major factors affecting prices。In "Modern Chinese Economic Tutorial"，He analyzed the stability characteristics of prices in the liberated areas and the special functions of prices in the development bet365 bonus code louisiana new democratic economy。By comparing capitalist society and new democratic society，He believes that in new democratic countries，Price becomes a tool to lead and transform individual economic and capitalist elements，Becomes a tool to develop the national economy and adjust national income，Becomes a tool to expand the proportion bet365 bonus code louisiana national economy and cooperative economy in the entire national economy，In other words，Becomes a tool for building a new democratic economy and moving towards a socialist society。About currency issues，Xu Dixin’s research thinks，Although in a new democratic society，The commodity economy is in an underdeveloped stage，But under those necessary commodity economies，All commerce is the transaction of goods through currency，The necessity of this commodity form also establishes the necessity of currency，Therefore，In the new democratic economy, money is still important for production、Life plays a big role。Of course，Xu Dixin thinks，There are significant differences between the currency in the new democratic economy and the currency in the general commodity economy society，Especially the circulation function of currency、Exchange media function、The payment function has undergone great changes。The price and currency issues bet365 bonus code louisiana new democratic economy at that time were all derived from the specific life practice in the liberated areas，Xu Dixin’s research truly reflects the particularity bet365 bonus code louisiana economy bet365 bonus code louisiana liberated areas，Provides good material and theoretical preparation for the research and practice of new democratic economic forms。

Guide and promote research on China’s socialist bet365 bonus code louisiana theory

After the founding of New China，Xu Dixin has long held leadership positions in the government’s economic department，Participated in restoring the national economy、The whole process of implementing socialist transformation bet365 bonus code louisiana capitalist economy，And theoretically conducted an in-depth study bet365 bonus code louisiana economic laws during the transition period and the socialist system。

Xu Dixin based on my country’s practice of transforming capitalist industry and commerce，Demonstrates the process of mutual growth and decline between socialist economic laws and capitalist economic laws。He thinks，Capitalist industry and commerce from processing and ordering to public-private partnership，Especially after the implementation of fixed interest rate，Due to changes in objective economic conditions and internal production relations，The law of capitalist surplus value、General laws of capitalist accumulation，will gradually be restricted，so that it loses its effect，Thus replaced by the law of socialist accumulation，The laws of capitalist competition and production anarchy、Allocation based on capital, etc.，will also be severely restricted，Planned development laws bet365 bonus code louisiana national economy、Law of distribution according to work, etc.，Finally occupy a leadership position in the company。In the study bet365 bonus code louisiana socialist national economy，He thinks，The law of value has not lost its place，And still in production、Continue to play a certain role in the three processes of circulation and distribution。

The socialist transformation of capitalist industry and commerce in the 1950s has been completed，The socialist public ownership economy has been basically established，How to carry out socialist economic construction next，This need for economic practice puts forward new requirements for theoretical discussion。Since 1957，Xu Dixin began to study and explore the operation of China’s socialist economy，During this period, he wrote and published or revised and published works such as "Analysis of China's National Economy in the Transitional Period", "On my country's Socialist Economy", and "Reforms of China's National Economy"。In these writings，He uses rich historical materials，Systematically summarizes and discusses the objective process bet365 bonus code louisiana formation and development of China’s socialist economy，And from industry、Agriculture、Trade、National income distribution and social reproduction, etc.，Comprehensive examination bet365 bonus code louisiana results of economic changes in the rise and fall of economic laws of different natures。

July 1977，Xu Di is newly appointed director bet365 bonus code louisiana Institute of Economics, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences，Served as Vice President in 1978。At this time，It’s time to bring order out of chaos，After Xu Dixin’s careful inspection，I deeply feel that it is a top priority to solve the problem of "Shenhe Temple" and "no resources to save talents"。Xu Dixin is decisive, pragmatic and responsible，In the process of editing the dictionary，Invited some old experts who were politically wronged for a long time during the "Cultural Revolution" but whose policies have not been implemented、Old Professor。Di Chaobai assisted him in dictionary work，Xu Xuehan、Tao Damong、Gu Nianliang、Su Xintao and others participated in the dictionary compilation work。Another issue is building a “temple”。Xu Dixin reported on the national planning work at the party group meeting bet365 bonus code louisiana Chinese Academy of Social Sciences，Focused on the issue of establishing a branch bet365 bonus code louisiana Academy of Social Sciences，Directly promoted the provinces、City、Establishment of first-level research institutions in the autonomous region。

Xu Dixin still maintained his concern for my country’s economy in his later years、Keeping insight into many major issues in social development，Special emphasis on abiding by economic laws，We must also abide by the laws of nature and population。Early 1980s，my country’s economic reform has just begun，Mr. Xu, who is in his seventies, deeply feels the serious harm caused by the destruction bet365 bonus code louisiana ecological environment in the process of economic development，Started to pay attention to research on ecological and environmental issues。He took the lead in creating an interdisciplinary science that combines economics with Chinese socialist characteristics with natural science and other social sciences - ecological economics。He thinks，Ecological science is from an ecological perspective，Economics is about quantity。The science of Marxist ecological economics must truly stand up，Not only must have the correct point of view，Fully convincing in theory，At the same time, a "quantity" problem must be solved。With his suggestion and advocacy，The first academic symposium composed of economists and natural scientists in my country’s history was held in September 1980，Decided to establish a scientific research institution and society for ecological economics；November 1982，The "Ecological Economics Research Laboratory" was officially established at the Institute of Economics，The "Ecological Economics Society" was established in February bet365 bonus code louisiana following year，Xu Dixin was elected as the president bet365 bonus code louisiana Society of Ecological Economics，Respected as the founder of ecological economics in my country。In addition，He also realized the serious harm caused by the "left" population thinking that "it is easier to do things when there are more people"，Began to pay attention to research on population issues。He proposed，If population growth is not planned，If social production and social needs are out of balance，It will affect the expansion of reproduction，And emphasize the need to abide by the population laws closely related to production development。Xu Dixin initiated and organized two demography seminars，Demographic studies resumed。Autumn 1980，Created the China Population Science Research Center；When the Population Society of China was established in 1981，He was elected president。

Efforts to promote the sinicization of Marxist bet365 bonus code louisiana

Looking at Xu Dixin’s economic thoughts in various periods、Theoretical research and work practice，The main thread throughout is the specific combination of Marxist theory and Chinese practice，Guide and promote the Sinicization of Marxist economics，He has therefore become an important founder and comprehensive practitioner bet365 bonus code louisiana Sinicization of Marxism。

Xu Dixin always adheres to Engels’s views，Considering that Marx’s entire worldview is not a doctrine but a method，Cannot be understood dogmatically，Rather it should be used as a starting point for further research and as a method for such research。In "History bet365 bonus code louisiana Development of Capitalism in China"，Xu Dixin changed the long-standing political economics research on slavery as Greece、Rome is a typical example，Feudal system is a tradition typical of Western Europe，Not only studied capitalist production、Exchange and distribution forms，Also compares and focuses on China’s semi-colonial and semi-feudal economy，The struggles of other third world countries to develop their national economies and the dependence and trade of these countries’ economies、Debt crisis, etc.。His notes on "Das Kapital" written during the "Cultural Revolution"，It takes socialist economic issues as the core content，Focus on the tips of Capital for the future society，The book was titled "Socialist Production when published.、Circulation and Distribution》。

Xu Dixin in "Introduction", Volume 1 of "General Political Economics"，Clearly elaborated on his proposition of “the Sinicization of political economy”。He thinks，"Sinicization" refers to Marxist-Leninist political economy，Not just part bet365 bonus code louisiana capitalist system，Also includes pre-capitalist parts。If those pre-capitalist economies were discarded，It will be out of touch with the reality bet365 bonus code louisiana semi-colonial and semi-feudal Chinese economy。Xu Dixin thinks，The sinicization of political economy must be based on China’s economic history，Taking the economic structure of Chinese society as the goal of discussion，But he does not recognize a system based directly on Capital，Start with the analysis of China’s commodity forms。He pointed out that "Das Kapital" takes capitalist society as its research object，A system adapted to the capitalist economic structure，It cannot be used directly to analyze or describe the semi-colonial and semi-feudal Chinese economy。Xu Dixin also doesn’t agree with the term “Chinese economics”，He believes that China’s economy has its own characteristics，But it is not insulated from the universal truth of social and economic development in other countries in the world，Only by connecting and comparing with the universal truths of various social and economic stages in countries around the world，In order to show its characteristics。

Xu Dixin practices the “Sinicization” proposition of Marxist economics，His economic research runs through the economic construction practices led by the Communist Party of China in different historical periods，Closely related to the economic work he is engaged in。Xu Dixin not only pays attention to and emphasizes the guiding position of Marxist economic theory，And pay close attention to the major economic issues in reality，And is committed to explaining and publicizing the party’s economic policies in different historical periods，Serving China’s economic construction at different historical stages。These theories and working practices，It not only reflects the distinct political characteristics of Xu Dixin’s academic research，It also reflects its truth-seeking and pragmatic spirit of respecting practice in research。Xu Dixin’s outstanding achievements in different historical periods，Laid an important ideological and theoretical foundation for further research on socialist economic issues，is truly an important founder and practitioner bet365 bonus code louisiana Sinicization of Marxist economics。

(Author’s unit: Institute of bet365 bonus code louisiana, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences)