The Warring States period is based on oracle bone inscriptions、Golden Text，Xia Qin Qin Zhuan Ancient Li，Is an important stage in the history of the development of Chinese bet365 offers。Since the late Spring and Autumn Period，With the gradual disintegration of patriarchal aristocracy，The rise of the warrior class，The application scope of text is also becoming more and more extensive，Regional differences are becoming more obvious，The so-called "speech sounds" in Xu Shen's "Shuowen Jiezi·Xu" of the Eastern Han Dynasty appeared，The situation of "shaped text"。The situation of "alien bet365 offers" in the Warring States Period was the internal motivation of the Qin Dynasty's policy of "writing with the same bet365 offers"，There is an inherent historical logic between the "alien bet365 offers" in the Warring States Period and the "same bet365 offers" in the Qin Dynasty。

　Differences in glyphs and word usage in Warring States bet365 offers

Wang Guowei was the first to divide Warring States bet365 offers into two series: Qin bet365 offers and Six Eastern Kingdoms bet365 offers，Later, the Qi system was gradually formed、Yan system、Jin Dynasty、The "Five Lines Theory" of the Warring States Period texts of Chu and Qin families。Qin Department、Yan refers to the state of Qin、Words from Yan State；The other three series include Yuqi、Chu、Words from some countries where the three Jin Dynasties are geographically and culturally close。If the Qi system except the Qi bet365 offers，Also includes Lu、Zhu and other Chinese bet365 offers；The Jin Dynasty except Korea、Zhao、Outside of Wei，Also includes Zhongshan、Zheng、Wei and other Chinese bet365 offers；The Chu clan includes Zeng with Chu as the center、Wu、Vietnam、Xu、Cai、Words from Song and other countries。

The difference in glyphs between different regions in the Warring States Period is the most important manifestation of "character anomalies"，Glyph differences mean that the same character is written differently in different families or countries。Take the word "Autumn" as an example，Made by bet365 offers Dynasty"”(Yunmeng·Rijia 136)。There are three glyphs bet365 offers Chu family，Or from the grain, from the fire, from the sun"" (Guodian·Yu 1 40); or omit the bet365 offers "by the fire"" (Baoshan 214); or superimposed side knife "”（Baoshan 47）。The Jin style may have the bet365 offers glyph as the Chu style "" (Xihui 4448), or omit the bet365 offers "" beside the fire""" (Xihui 4449). Yan bet365 offers are "”（Xihui 3466），Conghe Congri，Superimposed next to "屮"。It can be seen that there are big differences in the word-forming components bet365 offers same character between different regions。

"Character anomalies" are also reflected in the differences in word usage habits among various regions。Differences in word usage are situations where the same word is represented by different words in different families or countries。For example, the word "half"，Qin State uses "half" to express it；Chu bet365 offers use ""; use " to complete the bet365 offers”; Sanjin bet365 offers use “”；Yan bet365 offers are represented by "anti"。There are also differences in word usage among bet365 offers in the same family，For example, "文" in the literary test，The character of Teng State is expressed as "stingy"，Qi State uses "文"。Another example is the word "aluminum"，The Zhu language may be represented by "LV"，Qi State uses "aluminum"。

　The trend of assimilation of writing during the bet365 offers

During the development and evolution of writing during the Warring States Period，The phenomenon of "abnormal text" is more prominent，But it does not mean that the bet365 offers between the Warring States regions are mainly "different"。Warring States bet365 offers inherit the Western Zhou and Spring and Autumn bet365 offers，The glyph structure is generally inherited from Shang and Zhou bet365 offers，This reflects the stability of the development of Chinese bet365 offers。Overall，The "identity" of Warring States bet365 offers in terms of form and word usage is the mainstream。Politicians and businessmen from various countries had frequent exchanges during the Warring States Period，The differences in writing between countries do not pose a huge obstacle to communication，This is also the reason。

During the Warring States Period, the bet365 offers of various countries did not exist in isolation，Maintain relative consistency in the overall structure，With the politics between countries、Economy、Frequent exchanges in culture and other aspects，Each series of texts will inevitably influence each other。Because each series of texts comes from the same source，There are also similarities in the evolution of glyphs；The word "中" is often seen in Chu bet365 offers""This kind of special writing method，This writing method is also seen in Sanjin bet365 offers，Like spring becoming Hou Zhong""("Integration" 9619), Prince Zhongfu Ding""("Integration" 2530), Zhongfu Seal"”(Xi Kao page 120)。Chuncheng Hou Zhong is a typical Korean artifact，South Korea is adjacent to Chu State，The two countries are geographically close，All have the same special glyph，Reflects the mutual influence and integration of texts from various countries during the bet365 offers。

The regional division of Warring States bet365 offers was carried out within the Chinese character system，Development has not broken away from the system of Chinese bet365 offers，So regional differences are still differences within the Chinese character system。Although Chinese bet365 offers will undergo some variations in a certain period，But it is restricted by the structure of the Chinese character system itself，This difference will not change the overall appearance of the Chinese character system。Although Chinese bet365 offers have experienced thousands of years of development and evolution，But its system still maintains relative stability。

　　The promotion of "shu with the same text" in bet365 offers

"The book has the same bet365 offers" is found in the pre-Qin literature records。"The book has the same name，Trains on the same track，This is the most correct thing。”“(Confucius said) Get off the train today and share the same track，Book with the same text，行同tropy。”Visible，As early as the pre-Qin period，The unified standard of writing has been valued by the rulers。From the available information，The degree of regularity of Chinese bet365 offers from the middle and late Western Zhou Dynasty to the Spring and Autumn Period is indeed very high。

Although the degree of abnormal writing during the Warring States Period was not as serious as later generations imagined，But after all, it will affect the politics of various countries、Economic and cultural exchanges。After bet365 offers unified the six kingdoms, it adopted the policy of "writing with the same text"，"Historical Records·The Chronicles of the First Emperor of bet365 offers" contains "One method can measure the weight of a stone and a foot"，Trains on the same track，Book with text”。"Books and words" become the rule of the world、Important measures to maintain unity。

So how is "book with text" implemented？Xu Shen's "Shuowen Jiezi·Xu" records: "The first emperor of Qin took over the world at the beginning，Prime Minister Li Sinai concurred，Those who refuse to cooperate with Qin Wen，Si's "Cangjie Pian"，Zhao Gao, ordered by CRRC, wrote "Yuanli Chapter"，Taishi ordered Hu Wujing to write "Erudition"，All taken from the large seal script of "Shi Zhen"，Maybe some changes，The so-called Xiaozhuan people。”Visible，bet365 offers's "scripts with the same script" first abolished the glyphs that were inconsistent with the Six Kingdoms scripts and the Qin scripts，And ordered Li Si and others to standardize the text，Created the font later called "Qin Zhuan" or "Xiao Zhuan"，As a standard to unify the six countries’ writing。

Based on existing research，Xiaozhuan is not the result of direct provincial changes to the "Zhenwen" in "Shi Zhoupian"，It gradually evolved based on the writing of the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period and bet365 offers。The Qin Du Tiger Talisman from the Warring States Period was unearthed in the suburbs of Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province in 1973，There are 40 words of wrong gold inscription on it，"The Talisman of Armor，You Zaijun，Zuo Zaidu，Fanxingshi is armored，More than fifty troops，Bihuijunfu，I dare to do it，The matter of burnt fire，Although I don’t know the rules，Dead”。

The Duhufu inscription is a written material of the bet365 offers State during the Warring States Period，The relationship between the two can be seen by comparing the glyphs with Xiaozhuan (Figure 1)。

It can be seen from comparison，The text structure of the Duhufu inscription is almost the same as that of Xiaozhuan，It’s just different in stroke form，The turning arc of small seal script is more rounded，The turning point of the Qin Du Tiger Talisman is more square and straight，It can be clearly seen that Xiaozhuan inherits the Warring States and Qin bet365 offers。

After the implementation of the "book with the same text" policy，The situation of "abnormal bet365 offers" in the Warring States Period has been basically eliminated，"Xiaozhuan" has become the final system of Chinese bet365 offers。Xiaozhuan is the official script，In the Qin Dynasty, the official script developed from the popular style of writing was used as an auxiliary font。Because official writing is easier，Scholars generally believe that the official script in the Qin Dynasty actually shook the dominance of Xiaozhuan，That is, although the official regulations use Xiaozhuan to unify writing，But official script is more widely used in actual daily life，A more efficient document operation system can be established through official script。In the Western Han Dynasty, official script officially replaced Xiaozhuan，Become the primary font。

"The same text as the book" not only refers to the unified form bet365 offers text，What is more important is the name bet365 offers object、Institutional constructions such as terminology norms and name avoidance。For example, "The Emperor of Heaven watches and presents the Emperor," "Taishang Guan presents the Emperor," and the Emperor of Heaven、Tai Shang is equal to the emperor，Further deify the imperial power。"The King's condemnation is called Zhicu", "The king's order is called the emperor's edict", "The order is called Chengzhi", etc. which reflect the authority of imperial power。"The commander-in-chief bet365 offers county is the commander-in-chief", "the commander-in-chief bet365 offers province is the commander-in-chief bet365 offers county", etc. are the names of unified officials。The "book with the same text" policy not only involves national affairs，It also involves folk sacrifices、Animal names, etc.，For example, "Don't dare to call a witch emperor a witch" means "Don't call a person who knows witchcraft a witch emperor，To be called a witch"，"Don't dare call a pig a pig" means "Don't call this animal a pig，Call it a pig”。

It can be seen that the connotation of "the same script as the script" is not simply limited to unifying the script with Qin Xiaozhuan，Also includes standard names、A series of institutional constructions such as political system titles，The connotation is rich，Reflects the system and cultural construction of the Qin Dynasty。Although Chinese bet365 offers continue to have variations in the process of use and spread、“Irregular” issues such as corruption，But unified writing has always been the mainstream value pursuit of Chinese culture，This is the centripetal force and cohesion that maintains the Chinese nation，Maintaining national unity、National unification played an important role。

(The author is the person in charge bet365 offers National Social Science Fund Project "Comparative Research on Eastern Friday Bronze Inscriptions"、Associate professor, School of History and Culture, Qufu Normal University)