"The Yearbook of Germany and France"，Marx's religious thoughts have undergone fundamental changes，Get rid of the constraints of ideal history on religious issues，Overcoming the abstraction and speculation of previous religious criticism，Use the principle of materialism to the essence of religion、root、Social functions and social functions have been made in depth，Creatively propose the "four classic assertions" about religion，Lile the core point of view of Marx on religious issues，Historical materialism religious concept basically formed。

Marx analyzes the nature of religion with dialectical materialism and historical materialism philosophy、root、Social Function、historical conditions of existence and death，Criticizing Hegel and Young Hegel School、On the basis of religious thoughts such as Ferbaha humanism and other religious ideas, a new historical materialist view is constructed。Marx's historical materialism religion view，Revolutionary revolutionary changes in religious thoughts，It forms a logic path that follows the critical construct，Generally experienced the preliminary sprouts during the "Rhine" period、The period of "The Year of the German and French" period basically formed、Marx Engels Complete the completion of three development stages。

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"Rhine" was an important journal for the German representative bourgeoisie at that time，Marx once served as the editor -in -chief of the newspaper。During the "Rhine" period，Although Marx mainly criticizes Prussian autocracy，But due to the profound impact of traditional Christianity on Prussia's authoritarian politics，While political criticism，inevitable or directly or indirectly involved religious issues。Especially，With the continuous deepening of social practice and theoretical research，Marx's philosophy and political views began to change during this period，Promote Marx to re -analyze religious issues from a new perspective and clarify your new perspective，It has spawned the germination of historical materialism and religious concept。

Marx's criticism of the new book inspection system of the Prussian government，It reflects the early Marx's rationalism on religious issues。December 1841，The Prussian government promulgated a new book Bet365 lotto review newspaper inspection system，This stipulates: "Things that violate the general principles of religion are not allowed to exist，Everyone with light、Aparts of hostile way to oppose the behavior of ordinary Christianity or a certain teaching，Nothing should be tolerated。"The new book and newspaper inspection system，Marx published a political theory book "Journal of the Recent Book Inspection Inspection Order"，Confession against the Prussian government。where，Specific and profound clarification of two important religious issues。First, the relationship between religion and state and politics。Marx thinks，Religion cannot constitute the foundation of the country，The state cannot rely on the constraints of religious beliefs to achieve its rule，Modern countries should be the realization of political rationality and law。The second is the issue of the relationship between religion and morality。Marx analyzed the nature and foundation of religion and morality based on the philosophy of rationalism，The foundation of morality and religion belongs to two different dimensions，Morality mainly depends on the self -discipline of human spirit to maintain，The basis of religion is the law of human spirit，Christianity extended the principles of morality from the will of God and the method of determining the moral value basis to fundamentally violates the nature of the rationality。

Marx's criticism of "Political Ceremony" by Haierz，clarified some important theoretical views on religion。Haiermes as the editor -in -chief of the Coron Daily，Strive to maintain the new book news inspection system of Prussia government and the pope autocracy，On June 28, 1842, the editorial of attacking the political position of the Rhein News on the newspaper。Speaking for Haiermes，Marx published a commemorative article on "The Pharmaceutical of" Coron Daily "No. 179 in the Rhein News，In a blood -seeing point, the essence of Haiermes's "social theory" is the "political letter secret letter" of the young Hegel religious philosophy to the Prussian government。Marx exposes that Haierz acts as a "political reporter" and is ugly，also theoretically criticized Harmes's "religious philosophy" fallacy。The first is to criticize the absurd view of Haiermes as the inherent cause of religion as a country and historical development。Marx pointed out，Haiermes's argument is logically very ridiculous，Not only does it reverse the relationship between religion and the country，And with ancient Greece、The objective historical facts of countries such bet365 live casino games as Rome and other countries are completely inconsistent。The second is to criticize Haiermes to science、Error views of philosophy and religion mixes one。Marx explicitly pointed out，Disadvantages of Christianity and philosophy and rationality，Even neo -religious theologians have to recognize science、Philosophy and religion are in all aspects of this historical facts。Third is to criticize the point of view of Haiermez combining religion with the country to establish a Christian country。Marx thinks，It should not be from Christianity，should be from the nature of the country、From the essence of the country itself，In the nature of human society, extend the law of various national forms。

"Rhine" period，Marx's concept of philosophy and politics has an important change，provides "total keys" for the transformation and development of its subsequent religious thoughts。Marx began to use worldly existence as the basis of religion，Analyzing religious issues from the level of material production and social class relationships increasingly paying attention to the level of material production and social class relations，Start from simply speculative religious critical to criticism from social and political aspects，Start from the criticism of "the country of heaven" to the criticism of "Dust World"，Its religious thought has clearly presents the factor of the historical view of materialism。

The criticism summary of Marx's criticism of young Hegel's religious criticism during the "German Yearbook" period marks the basic formation of historical materialism and religious views 

"The Yearbook in Germany" is the German "First Socialist Publication" founded after Marx's leaving "Rhein"。Marx explicitly expressed，The purpose of its journalism is to "criticize and establish a new world with the revolutionary spirit and revolutionary determination of 'Germany and Foundation' Revolutionary and Revolutionary determination"。Marx's "On the Jewish Issue", "The Introduction to the Black French Philosophy of Hegel French" and other works published in "The Year of the German Year"，It marks the fundamental steering of Marx on the philosophical world view and social and political outlook，Promote Marx to re -examine his relationship with the young Hegel and his religious critical campaign。Marx deeply aware of the "congenital defects" and historic limitations brought by the Hegel's philosophy system to young Hegel's religious critical thought，Then breaks with the young Hegel faction and criticize its religious thoughts。

Marx Criticizing the Young Hegel Party Religious bet365 best casino games 桎梏、Error understanding of religious liberation and political liberation and human liberation relationship。Marx in the "On the Jewish Problem" focuses on the theoretically refuted the wrong opinion of young Hegels such as Powell to turn social political issues into theological problems，Dedicated to find the fundamental way to break religious 桎梏 and realize human liberation from the root cause of the real society。First，Maris criticized Powell without correctly understanding the "liberation problem"，The relationship between religious liberation and political liberation and human liberation。Marx thinks，To discuss "liberation issues"，Not only must I understand "Who should get liberation"，And more explore "the essential requirements and conditions of liberation"，Religious liberation、Political liberation and human liberation are different categories，The state from religious liberation is not the same as those of people who are liberated from religion。Next，Marx pointed out that the existence of religion has its social root。Marx thinks，Religious root is from society，The generation and existence of religion cannot be separated from society，Religion as a defect fixed in，The root cause of this defect can only be found in the nature of society itself，The root of "Religious" lies in "secular 桎梏"。Last，Marx pointed out that only the oppression of "secular" is fundamentally eliminated，can get true liberation。Marx's fundamental error in the issue of Jewish liberation on the issue of Jewish people is，Just look at Jewish secrets from religious beliefs，No analysis of social essence of compression and inequality from the world's root cause，Therefore, it is impossible to truly find the correct road to achieve the liberation of Jews。

Following "On the Jewish Problem"，Marx published the foundation of the historical materialism and religious view of the "Introduction to the Critical Criticism of Hegel France" in "The Nian Jian of Germany"。Marx summarizes the young Hegel's religious critical campaign and its historical significance，Further explains the nature of religion from the perspective of materialism、root、Social function and role basic questions，Lile the basic position of Marx on religious issues、Basic methods and basic views，Concentrated reflected as "four classic assertions"。First，Marx discuss the relationship between criticism of religion and the criticism of the real world，It is clear that "criticism of religion is the prerequisite for all other criticisms"。Marx pointed out，Through bet365 live casino games the violent attack of the young Hegel party religion，The spirit of religion as the German system "has been refuted"，Lost reason to continue exist，But the criticism of religion is not just a pure religious understanding problem，It is a great struggle with great social and political significance and far -reaching historical significance，Low -opening roads for religious criticism for Germany's political revolution and social revolution。2，Marx clarified the social nature of religion，Determine on a judgment of "religion is an illusion of real world"。Marx pointed out，The kingdom of heaven in religion is just an illusory reflection of real life in people's minds。Religion is created by people，Religion is the realization of human nature in fantasy，It is the kind of false self -awareness and self -sensation of those who lose themselves in the real world，God transformed into a God in religion through fantasy、Divine，so as to get my own illusory spiritual comfort。third，Marx discuss the root of religion，It is clearly put forward that "the root of religion lies in the social contradictions of reality"。Marx pointed out，Religion can exist as a reversed world consciousness，It is in the upside -down world itself。The root of religion is "the world of people", that is, "country、Society "contradiction，Religion is exactly the soul appeal that this real -society contradiction cannot solve in the real world。Fourth，Marx clarifies the multiple social functions and functions of religion，It is clearly proposed that "religion is the opium of the people"。Marx believes that religion is the general basis of the Prime Minister of this world and the general basis for consolation and defense，Has multiple social functions and functions。Marx especially reveals the complexity and duality of religious social functions，It is clear that religion is the manifestation and protest of people's actual suffering on the one hand; on the other hand, the people’s opium，It has the role of mental comfort and anesthesia。

"The Yearbook of Germany and France"，Marx's philosophical world view and social and political views have realized from Hegel idealism to materialism、The fundamental steering from revolutionary democracy to communism。During this period，Marx's religious thoughts have undergone fundamental changes，Get rid of the constraints of ideal history on religious issues，Overcoming the abstraction and speculation of previous religious criticism，Use the principle of materialism to the essence of religion、root、Social functions and social functions have been made in depth，Creatively propose the "four classic assertions" about religion，Lile the core point of view of Marx on religious issues，Marx's historical materialism religious concept basically formed。

The complete establishment of the new philosophy world view during the period of Marx Engels, the complete establishment of the new philosophy world view, promoted the complete completion of the historical materialism and religious concept 

Marx Engels Cooperation Time，The theoretical works jointly completed by the two laid the foundation for the entire Marxist theoretical system。"The Holy Family" marks the complete line of clearing the line with the young Hegel in the end，laid the foundation for his religious theory for his religious theory。They have completely criticized the subjective idealism of the young Hegel faction in the works，clarified the basic principle of dialectical materialism，Scientifically discussed the subject and object、Dialectics of thinking and existence，Proposed the basic principles of historical materialism that determines the fundamental force that determines the development of social history。With the maturity of the new philosophy worldview and applied to religious criticism，Marx's religious thoughts explained in the "Outline of Ferbaha" later have a more scientific theoretical statement in the corresponding part of the corresponding part of the "Introduction to the" Introduction to the Hegelfa Philosophy "Introduction，It is clearly proposed that "only by overcoming the secularity of the secular foundation with the practice of revolution can it be overcome the religious self -alienation"。

Marx Engels further analyzed the ideological view of the ideal history in "German Ideology" and "Communist Manifesto"，Compared with systematically, the basic content of the historical view of materialism is clearly stated，Lay the scientific theoretical foundation for Marx's historical materialism and religious concept。Marx Engels made a model analysis of the specific aspects of religion in the book in the book based on the basic principles of historical materialism，Further clarify major issues that have not been specifically explained before。Marx thinks，Religion as social ideology，Not independent and self -sufficient，Religion cannot exist eternal，Instead, it is determined by the material production relationship of society and changes with their changes。Production method has a decisive role in social life，Religious changes and movements are reflected and restricted by the social class opposition。Therefore，"The demise of religion will definitely occur with the demise of private ownership and class，This is an objective law that does not take any personal will "。

Marx Engels Cooperation Time，Marx completely got rid of the bondage of the Hegel's philosophical system in terms of ideology，It has strengthened the materialist position in the philosophical world view and social and political bet365 Play online games perspective，Clearly established a new philosophical theoretical system for the historical view of materialism。Marx's use of new philosophy world view and methodology for the essence of religion、root、Social effects and the historical laws of their emergence and death have been conducted in a deeper analysis.，Excishers clarify the basic connotation of historical materialism and religious concept，formed a more complete scientific theoretical system，The complete theoretical form of Marx's historical materialism and religious concept was constructed in criticism。

(Author Unit: Marxist College of South China Normal University、Huizhou College Marxist College)