The biggest difference between ethics and theoretical philosophy is the practicality。This practicality is reflected in the meaning of life、What is a good life and how to live a happy life。Since Socrates has attracted philosophy from heaven to earth，"How should a person live" becomes the core concern of Socrates and its followers。"The purpose of moral philosophy，and any hope that it can be taken seriously，The fate of Socrates is difficult to solve "。Aristotle's classification of politics and ethics as a practical field，To distinguish between theoretical contemplation and production。Their object is ethical life，It is intended to explore how one person or a city -state can get good。Same，Pre -Qin Zi learning does not take moral knowledge as the object，The theoretical concern of the pre -Qin sons is not to build a theoretical system，Instead of human self -improvement and the stable order of society。Therefore，From the perspective of the history of Chinese and Western thoughts，Original ethics based on ethical life as a direct object，Real ethics Practice is preferred to ethical knowledge。

But，With the emphasis on rationality in modern philosophy，Natural science has been developed rapidly。Whether it is a rationalist philosopher，Still an empirical philosopher，Try to use Bet365 lotto review natural science or mathematics methods to re -construct ethics。Supinosa tried to explain and demonstrate her ethical thoughts in the way of geometry，The full name of his book "Ethics" is "Ethics of Ethics of Geometric Methods"; the subtitle of Hume's "Humanity Theory" is "An attempt to use experimental reasoning methods in psychiatric science"，And in the book, he emphasized that "when trying to explain the principle of human nature，We are actually proposing a complete scientific system based on almost new basis "; Kant even" builds completely clearing everything that can only be experienced、A pure moral philosophy that belongs to anthropology "。Although Kant put forward a universal moral law for us through extraordinary efforts and exquisite arguments，But the generality of this formalization is at the cost of the loss of life。Same，The ethical tradition of utilitarianism also attempts to compress all moral life into a abstract "happiness" concept，and try to measure this "happiness" by calculation。So we see，Exquisite ethical knowledge buildings are unplugged by generations of great philosophers。But，These buildings seem to be getting farther and farther away from the ground，So whenever we expect ethics to provide some explanation or moral vision for ethics，We are always disappointed and return。

Perhaps some people will raise objections: the knowledge of ethics does not cause practical loss，Application ethics always flourish，and have penetrated into various fields of life，If the hot environmental bet365 live casino games ethics and artificial intelligence ethics are now hot。other，We can also frequently see euthanasia in major journals、Ethics discussion on social phenomena such as abortion。Could these ethics that cannot prove knowledge still show practicality? Actually，Most of these "most often discussed contemporary ethics issues are essentially political or sociological issues ... These political ethical issues themselves do not constitute ideological confusion，It's just a political position、Different from economic interests and cultural preferences，Sometimes it is even just practical controversy，is about feasibility、Technical or priority controversy "。Knowledge production in the postmodern period further changes，Disadvantages brought by the knowledge of ethics，That is, the lack of practicality shows more prominently。It is undeniable，The knowledge of ethics allows ethics to institutionalize and academicization as a subject，Make it occupy a place in the continuous professional modern knowledge system，But these achievements have gradually become a game in text。The development of ethics gradually tends to be professional and discipline，The production of ethical knowledge is becoming more and more specialized，The paradigm of ethics theory becomes more and more obscure and difficult to understand，Ethical concern is getting farther and farther from real ethics。Therefore，Ethics no longer take ethical life as the first concern，and only stop at an intermediary as bet365 Play online games a reflection and critical ethical life，伦 理。Therefore，We only provide a way of thinking for the new public crisis faced by humans with the ethical paradigm that we have now，Can't respond to changes in ethical life that has occurred。"Surprising Philosophy or Humanities Philosophy，From then on, I had to cancel my legalization function，This explains why philosophy is in crisis where it is still attempting to assume the legalization function，And why the legalization function of giving up the legalization function in which it has abandoned the legal research or history of ideological in the history of the history of the legalization function in its reality。”

Through the above discussion，We should be able to understand why when facing the major public health crisis，Ethics does not perform well as people expect，Instead, let us have more or less question about its legitimacy。but，Just as Robert B.louden is demonstrated，The existence of ethics is necessary，Because it can at least fully meet the essential needs of human beings: explanation and foreseeable、Inquiry of concepts、Critical、Moral ideas and curiosity。Therefore，The key to the question is not whether we need ethics，What kind of ethics do we need。

First，The ethics we need should face the ethical life itself。Ethics should not be in ethical knowledge，should put ethical life first，Instead of adhering to the priority of ethical life for ethical knowledge。Ethics that do not take ethics as the first concern is poor and weak。"Each Bet365 app download skill and research，Similarly，Each practice and choice of a person is for some kind of good as the purpose。"" Ethics of practical philosophy should not stop in moral knowledge，Instead, it is necessary to intervene in ethical life with the intermediary of moral knowledge，Explore how we achieve good，How to achieve happiness。Of course，This does not mean that in the form of laws or commands of the command, the ethical life of the reality finger。But at least what kind of specifications we should reflect on ethics can help realize happiness，What specifications will hinder us to realize happiness，It puts forward moral reasons for our various specifications。Otherwise，We cannot achieve the function of ethics itself，Instead, it will cause ethics to fall into the predicament of moral knowledge。

Next，The ethics we need should have general concern。Ethics cannot be limited to specific good，and pay attention to how to achieve the overall good。This overall goodness is what Aristotle calls the final good，That is the best。The reason why the existing ethics appears to be poor and weak in the face of this epidemic，It lies in knowledgeable ethics that it cannot be concerned about this overall goodness due to its own limitations of the subject paradigm。We can see，Whether it is the ethics of obligation or virtue，Either they are concerned about the legitimacy and goodness of a specific behavior，Either the good of a specific individual。and the new crown epidemic as a major public health crisis faced Bet365 app download by humans，Obviously it cannot be explained by the ethical theory of this single -order subject。Some people may think that utilitarianism can be better in this regard，Because as A Martia Mori pointed out，utilitarianism is a personal moral theory，Another kind of public choice theory，is the choice of public policy。But the publicity of this episodes of this episodes has transformed into specific individuals in ethical life。We cannot compress a single kind of good to the single、Abstract "Happiness" concept。Therefore，Ethics must have general concern，Otherwise it will continue to be trapped in practical fragmentation。

Last，The ethics we need should have transcendent concerns。It is undeniable，We cannot obtain a moral law that is generally effective in any situation through ethics，or tell people how to act in every situation through a moral principle，The ethical system in history does not seem to really achieve this goal。Therefore，The transcendence mentioned here，It is not required to provide a moral specification that is allowed to provide all four seasons，Instead, it refers to asking and reflection on some fundamental problems that can touch ethical life。For example，What is a good life，What is the meaning of life，What is the essence of order，Whether the free will exists，etc.。If ethical theory does not have this transcendent concern，Then we will see that the use of ethics will become smaller and smaller，The problem it discussed is political science、Sociology、bet365 best casino games Anthropology and Psychology，or even natural science will get better solutions。This is here，Ethics not only cannot really intervene in our ethics，Instead, it will be questioned because of being unable to achieve its own purpose.。

Bet365 app download