Since the reform and opening up，With the non-agricultural flow of rural population and labor force，There is a separation between the place of household registration and the place of employment of farmers in our country (separation of households and households)。End of 2018，my country’s migrant workers、The number of migrant workers reaches 2 respectively.8.8 billion and 1.7.3 billion，The number of households separated across the country reached 2.8.6 billion。The separation of households leads to changes in the relationship between farmers and homesteads，Various degrees of hollowing out in rural areas、Overthinning phenomenon，Especially the hollowing out of rural areas in the central and western regions、The degree of overthinning is more prominent。Meanwhile，Urbanization in my country、The continued advancement of industrialization means that bet365 bonus code pa scarcity is increasing，Changes in residents’ consumption patterns have also forced changes in rural industrial forms，The allocation pattern of bet365 bonus code pa elements needs to be adjusted urgently。As an important part of bet365 bonus code pa elements，Rural homesteads need to be between urban and rural areas、Make overall arrangements among industries，And further improve its configuration efficiency。

As a response to development practice，The Chinese government is based on the idea of ​​“separation of three rights” for cultivated bet365 bonus code pa，Emphasis on promoting the pilot project of “separation of three powers” ​​for homestead bet365 bonus code pa，And consider the "separation of three rights" of homestead bet365 bonus code pa as an important part of the overall rural bet365 bonus code pa reform and a major innovation in the property rights system of homestead bet365 bonus code pa。The “No. 1 Document” of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China in 2018 clearly stated，To explore homestead ownership、Qualification rights、"Separation of three rights" for use rights，Implement collective ownership of homestead bet365 bonus code pa，Guarantee the qualification rights of farmers on homestead bet365 bonus code pa and the property rights of farmers’ houses，Moderately relax the right to use homesteads and farmers’ houses。The Central Committee’s “No. 1 Document” in 2019 emphasized the need to steadily and prudently promote the reform of the rural homestead system，Expand reform pilot，Enrich pilot content，Improve system design。This situation means that after the reform of the farmland system，The institutional reform of rural homestead bet365 bonus code pa in my country has gradually entered the “fast lane”，Also means similar to the reform of the farmland system，“Separation of three rights” is the basic orientation of the reform of my country’s rural homestead property rights system at the current stage。

　　Flexible allocation of usage bet365 bonus code pa in exchange for relatively stable ownership qualification bet365 bonus code pa

Since the reform and opening up，my country's rural homesteads have long implemented a property rights system structure with "separation of two rights" as the basic feature: collective ownership、Farmers have the right to use it。However，Large scale between urban and rural areas、Frequent population movement，Resulting in the strict correspondence between farmers and rural homesteads being broken。This is the starting point，The essence of the “separation of three powers” ​​reform in homestead bet365 bonus code pa，It is a flexible configuration that exchanges relatively stable ownership and qualification rights for usage rights。On the premise of adhering to collective ownership and farmer household qualification rights，Respond to the separation of households in rural areas by appropriately relaxing the use rights，Enable farmers to flexibly choose homestead allocation methods based on their own conditions。Farmers can have qualification rights and exercise use rights，You can also have qualification rights but transfer the use rights，You can also return the qualification rights and usage rights to the collective。This institutional change fully takes into account the dual structure of urban and rural bet365 bonus code pa ownership in our country，Taking into account the differences and differentiation characteristics of farmers in my country，Give individual farmers the right to choose rural homestead allocation，Enable farmers to flexibly dispose of homestead use rights while retaining their qualification rights，To use the market mechanism to realize the reallocation of some homestead sites in a wider range。From the perspective of the characteristics of institutional changes，The "separation of three rights" of homestead bet365 bonus code pa conforms to the realistic characteristics of my country's urban-rural dual structure，With the nature of gradual market-oriented reform，And can better balance the two demands of stabilizing social order and promoting economic development。

Homestead bet365 bonus code pa is rural non-commercial construction bet365 bonus code pa，Immovable in space，Often tied to ground buildings，And it is economical for farmers、Society、Multiple functions such as culture，Therefore, it has both welfare and property attributes for farmers。This results in an implementation level，The reform of "separation of three powers" in homestead bet365 bonus code pa is far more complicated than the reform of "separation of three powers" in farmland。Judging from the existing pilot projects of "separation of three rights" in homesteads，Change methods in different regions、Government roles and implementation effects are very different，But they often face the same or similar policy issues。In reform pilot areas，The "three rights separation" of homestead bet365 bonus code pa are all facing the exercise of ownership、Qualification rights determined、Quality of use rights、Scope of use right transfer、Issues such as determining usage fee standards，These problems arise from theoretical and legal aspects，Also from the practical and operational level，Needs to be considered and addressed in the reform process。Considering that policy implementation depends on the goal orientation and implementation benchmarks behind institutional changes，At present, our country is promoting the "separation of three rights" of homestead bet365 bonus code pa, paying special attention to the following standards。

　　Enhancing the government’s bet365 bonus code pa planning function

There are multiple categories of rural bet365 bonus code pa，And in the cultivated bet365 bonus code pa、Homestead、Township enterprise bet365 bonus code pa can be converted，The "separation of three rights" of homestead bet365 bonus code pa must first determine the "object" of the property rights reform of homestead bet365 bonus code pa。Based on adhering to the strictest bet365 bonus code pa conservation system，The "separation of three rights" of homestead bet365 bonus code pa must highlight the government's bet365 bonus code pa planning function，Keeps the total amount of homesteads in a specific village relatively stable、Small fluctuation，Beware of excessive expansion of homesteads that may erode the size of farmland，Beware of the simultaneous growth of urban construction bet365 bonus code pa area and rural homestead area in the context of rural population outflow。

Accordingly，Can be based on the latest urban and rural cadastral information，With district and county governments as the main implementation body，Accelerate the preparation of bet365 bonus code pa planning at the administrative village level，Measure and determine the overall size of the homestead、Spatial distribution and annual increase and decrease indicators。Implement townships、Village、The rights and responsibilities of groups and other organizations in the implementation and supervision of bet365 bonus code pa planning，Prevent farmers from abusing their qualification rights and expanding the homestead area at will，Prevent other entities from viewing the homestead system reform as a “feast” of interests。In this regard，Lu County, Sichuan and other places took the lead in planning rural bet365 bonus code pa during the pilot program，Clearly stated that "the total amount of homestead bet365 bonus code pa will not increase"、The bottom line is guaranteed”，The benchmark of this plan deserves recognition and promotion。

　　Clear the connotation of subdivided bet365 bonus code pa

　　　　，my country’s homestead bet365 bonus code pa mainly has a “dual structure” of ownership and use rights，The "separation of three rights" evolves it into a "ternary structure" of ownership-qualification rights-use rights。This change means the subdivision of bet365 bonus code pa rights、Diversification of bet365 bonus code pa allocation methods and expansion of farmers’ choices。

To promote the “separation of three rights” in homestead bet365 bonus code pa, the connotation of each subdivision right must be clarified，Provide stable expectations for micro entities，Provide institutional prerequisites for the relaxation and social allocation of bet365 bonus code pa use rights。Ownership refers to the right to change the nature of collectively owned bet365 bonus code pa and the right to supervise the status of bet365 bonus code pa use。Qualification rights refer to registered farmers as a family unit、On the basis of the principle of “one household, one bet365 bonus code pa”, you are qualified to obtain homestead bet365 bonus code pa from the collective，This qualification is membership、Exclusive、Inheritance、Precipitating characteristics。The right to use refers to the possession of homestead bet365 bonus code pa enjoyed by registered farmers or other members、Use、Profit、Disposal、Mortgage and other rights。In the process of promoting the "separation of three rights" of homestead bet365 bonus code pa，The connotation of each right and the boundaries of different rights should be clarified through a contract。In terms of practice，Anhui Jingde、Zhejiang Yiwu、Zhejiang Deqing and other places have issued "three rights separation" real estate registration certificates to farmers for homesteads，Its function is to stipulate the homestead rights structure between different subjects through contracts。

　　Establish the priority benchmark for bet365 bonus code pa’ interests

The “separation of three rights” of homestead bet365 bonus code pa involves multiple stakeholders，But the reform must first consider the issue of protecting the interests of farmers。Homestead is the foothold for farmers to settle down in rural areas，It is also a safety valve for farmers to move between urban and rural areas。At this stage, all migrant workers cannot be integrated into the city，The connection between farmers and homesteads varies from person to person、Move according to the times，Therefore, it is necessary to consider the protection function of homesteads for farmers’ production and life。The starting point and goal of the "separation of three rights" in homesteads is to effectively improve the economic and social conditions of farmers，Prioritizing farmers’ interests is the main logical line of this system innovation。

At the policy level，The implementation of "separation of three rights" in homestead bet365 bonus code pa must be based on farmers' voluntariness、Government Service Principles，Farmers are unwilling to transfer their use rights，Then local governments and collective organizations cannot force farmers to transfer。Farmers are willing to transfer their use rights，Local governments and rural collectives should define property rights、Information docking、Platform construction、Develop new agriculture-related organizations，Reduce the institutional cost of transfer of use rights。In the case where a collective organization obtains the right to use，Collective organizations also need to assume the role of “entrepreneurs”，Aim at market demand and expand the channels for using homestead bet365 bonus code pa，Provide more market competitive products or services in industrial integration，Enable farmers to increase their property income through reallocation of homesteads。“Not mandatory、Not missing、Follow the trend、Benefiting farmers and enriching farmers” should be the fundamental basis for the implementation of the “separation of three powers” ​​policy on homestead bet365 bonus code pa。

　　Realize moderate relaxation of usage bet365 bonus code pa

Different from the previous institutional arrangements，The innovation of "separation of three rights" in homestead bet365 bonus code pa is to subdivide farmers' use rights into qualification rights - use rights，Thus breaking the single pattern of farmers occupying and using homestead bet365 bonus code pa，Enable farmers to have conditional qualification rights but transfer the use rights。Appropriate relaxation of use rights is the essence of the "separation of three rights" in homesteads，It is also a key move to improve the social allocation and allocation efficiency of homestead bet365 bonus code pa。

In terms of policy implementation，“Moderate” means that the reform of the homestead system is not promoted at the same pace in all rural areas，But based on the situation in different rural areas、Carried out based on the decisions of different farmers，Adapt measures to local conditions、The implementation strategy of “separation of three powers” ​​in homesteads varies from person to person。"Relaxation" refers to the expansion of the main users of homestead bet365 bonus code pa，Diversified usage。The former means that the only user is not the farmer with the right to qualify，It can also be a collective organization、Other farmers within the collective、Other subjects outside the collective；The latter is homestead bet365 bonus code pa for registered farmers to build houses and live in，Can also be used to remove villas and courtyards、Many industries other than prohibited items such as private clubs，This is the development of new rural subjects、Provide conditions for the development of new business formats。In pilot projects in Lu County, Sichuan and other places，There are many types of ways to relax the right to use homestead bet365 bonus code pa - co-construction and sharing、Real estate purchase and operation、Replacement of property and bet365 bonus code pa、Mortgage financing, etc.，These types all reflect the important orientation of moderate relaxation of the reform of the homestead property rights system。

　　Promoting the integration of urban and bet365 bonus code pa factor markets

The innovation of the “separation of three rights” system for homesteads is aimed at homesteads，But the function is not limited to homestead，Help to leverage capital、Message、Technology and other elements going to the countryside，It is also conducive to improving the mobility of rural labor force，Enhance the urban integration ability of rural people。Promoting the “separation of three rights” of homestead bet365 bonus code pa must be placed in the context of building a new urban-rural relationship、Under the grand background of promoting overall market-oriented reform，Continuously stimulate and release its leverage effect on the integration of urban and rural factor markets。Accordingly，The "separation of three rights" in homesteads should shift from the pilot stage to experience summarization、Rule refining stage，The pilot area should be appropriately expanded and the pilot methods should be gradually relaxed，The common institutional problems faced in implementation should be solved from the institutional level。

At the policy level，The "separation of three rights" of homestead bet365 bonus code pa should consider the implementation of collective ownership，It is appropriate to give ownership to administrative villages or groups at this stage，But the relationship between farmers and collectives should be regulated through the bet365 bonus code pa committee，Regulating the acquisition of qualification rights、Abort、Exit、Scope and exercise period，Clear the transfer method of use rights、Pricing Guidelines、Trading platform、Mortgage conditions，From the exploration of pilot areas，For example, the benchmark bet365 bonus code pa price of homestead bet365 bonus code pa in Yiwu, Zhejiang is determined，Form the practical basis for system improvement。In addition，my country is promoting the direct entry of rural commercial construction bet365 bonus code pa into the market，In the context of the increasing hollowing out of rural areas，We should also proactively explore the docking mechanism between rural non-commercial construction bet365 bonus code pa and urban and rural non-agricultural industrial bet365 bonus code pa demand。Form a backup source of construction bet365 bonus code pa through the remediation of idle rural residential bet365 bonus code pa，bet365 bonus code pa for urban construction、Rural commercial construction bet365 bonus code pa、There is an order of entry into the market among rural non-commercial construction lands、Reform trend that there is a power gap, but the power gap is reduced，Gradually create an “upgraded version” and “expanded version” of the unified urban and rural construction bet365 bonus code pa market。

　　(This article is a phased result of the National Social Science Fund’s major project “Research on New Urban-bet365 bonus code pa Relations in the Context of Building a Moderately Prosperous Society in an All-round Way” (17ZDA066)

　　(The author is a professor bet365 bonus code pa School of Economics, Fudan University)