Starting from Zhang Jian from the Western Han Dynasty, the Western Regions started，Metropolitan Changan is destined to become the starting point of the Eastern and Western exchanges，to the Tang Dynasty，Chang'an has become the international metropolis at that time。Datang Changan has East City and West City，West City as the International Trade Center at that time，The most prosperous。Western merchants carry cargo with camel teams and are continuously transported to Western City for transactions，Bring the goods of the Tang Dynasty back to their own country at the same time。Today's West City Museum is built on the site of the West City of the Tang Dynasty，Viewing glass windows under your feet，I can still clearly see the ruts left by the Tang Dynasty carriage，Witness the prosperous scene of the time。

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During the transaction process of various materials，Including the name of the goods、Accounts and other text records are essential，and pen、Ink、paper、砚 was the record tool at that time。Pens in the Tang Dynasty、Ink、Paper as a consumables mostly disappear in the long river of history，It is difficult to keep it，and the Terrace as durable items，can often be saved well，There are unearthed in the tower during archeological excavations。

砚 is a government agency at all levels、The essential thing for literati and merchants。Demonstone Museum in the Datang West City Museum is displayed in the five parties Tang Dynasty，In addition，The rest are excavated and unearthed in the West bet365 Play online games City site。These four squares are proof of the "Silk Road" culture，It is also an important physical thing to study the study of the Tang Dynasty。

The earliest pyramid in China is the grinder，Performing pigments or grain shelling，Slowly evolving from the prehistoric grinder，To the Tang Dynasty，Basically there are three types of types of Lingtai，One is Pian Yongzheng，The second is the shape of the pupa，Three are alien。

Pie Yongzheng developed from the circular three -footed of the Han Dynasty，Gradually there is a water border wall around the hall，Gradually slowly raised to Yantang，Eventually forming a circle of water between the hall and the side wall，Called it to be a puppet。Set up schools at all levels，Among them, the school established by Tianzi said that it is pierced，was the highest level of school at that time。Pianyong is a circular building as a school，Surrounding Ringwater，Water Bridge。Han Ban Gu's "White Tiger Tong · Pianyong": "What is the emperor standing up and Yong?。，璧，Xiangyu Yuan，Fa Tian，Yu Yongshui，Educationalization of Education also。"" Pi Yongzheng will evolve from this intention。

The shape of the 箕 砚 is quite like a dustpan，Double -foot support at the bottom of the tail，The tail is higher than the first episode，Make Yantang's slope，This is the most common style of the Tang Dynasty。Alien 其实 is actually a derivative of the shape of the 箕，The main body of the main body is still a puppet -shaped style，Shape various styles around the hall，so as to make various styles of，Rough turtle shape、Lotus Plobes、Peak and other styles。

Tang Dynasty Tattudo takes the shape of a cricket as the main，Alien 砚 is relatively rare。Where，箕 砚 砚 can be divided into two styles，One is the full arc shape of the 砚，One is the folding trace type at the junction of Bet365 app download the tattoo and the junction of the Hall。

　　Features

Sifang 砚 Taichung unearthed from the West City site，箕 砚 and Pianyong Taoyu have one party。Among them, the tainer is the latter style，The first and the bottom is a folding mark，The low tail high tail is inclined at the first low tail，Easy to grind the accumulation of the ink。This 砚 is gray pottery，There is no repair in the lack of incompleteness，The overall steady atmosphere，Simple and beautiful lines。This kind of pupae has a great impact on future generations，After the late Tang Dynasty、Five Dynasties to Song，Gradually evolved into a copy of the hand，Development to Ming and Qing dynasties，Remove both feet，Change to the bottom or the bottom digging hand，Finally became the mainstream。

Another party to open Yong Taoyu remnants，For the four -legged gray pottery，Smart，is simplified of the Beast Foot of the Northern Dynasties，Circle of the body，砚 堂 Almost as high as the side wall，There is a canal pool around，The side wall is arc，Get inward inward to the edge of the mouth，Full shape without losing beauty，Frequent for the Tang Dynasty pottery system。Slightly different from it is the three -color pest，General Sancai Polyong Yongya Type is relatively smaller，Some diameter is only four to five centimeters，Multi -foot or circle foot，Three -color crickets in the Western Museum Museum are much smaller than Tao Yan，The bottom of the multi -feet with a circle of feet，Sancai glaze，砚 堂 无，so as to grind。Comparison of comparison，Gray pottery to make Yongzheng's head big，The practicality is also stronger。Pian Yongzheng of later generations is affected by this，The changes in Yantang are not much，Just disappear or become a wall，By the Ming and Qing Dynasties, there were also cyclical bet365 Play online games widow -like warmths made of ceramics.。

The West City Site is also unearthed from the strange alien，One of them is very similar to the Twelve Peak Tao Tao collected by the Palace Museum。The center of the Langtang of this side is in the shape of a puppet，Very similar to the dustpan we usually use。Twelve mountain peak shapes in the head and sides of the puppets，So it is called the Twelve Peak Tao Tao。In the middle of the main peak, there is a King Kong Lixing bears the peak of the mountain，Three -foot support at the bottom of the platform，easy to play，There are three King Kong Lishi as a support in the outward position of the three feet.。The entire 砚，presents the Datang weather，Very distinctive。

Twelve Peak Tao Yan unearthed from the West City Site of the Tang Dynasty strongly proved that this type of Langtai was used in the Datang period，The characteristics of the Church and the Hall of Town belong to the Tang Dynasty, which is undoubted。Because of this type of 砚，No matter how its appearance changes，It is inseparable from a basic styling features，，This is the most important styling features of the Tang Dynasty。

I can know through scientific archeology，The Langtai of the Han Dynasty basically only had two types of 砚。One is a rectangular plate; the other is a round cake shape，The circular 砚，Three feet。Han Dynasty Yantai basically consists of two parts，itself and a grinder。This is mainly because the ink used in the Han Dynasty was ink pill，You need to grind with a grinder，。Ink blocks have appeared to the Eastern Han Dynasty，The shape of the pine tower，In the Tang Dynasty, use ink blocks，The grinding device is no longer used，This also provides conditions for the changes in the shape of the platform。

Another Shanfeng Tao Tan in the West City Site is very deep，More ink bet365 Play online games storage，So very practical。The peaks around the hall are divided into five groups，There are three hills in each group，There are 15 peaks in total，This kind of peak shape is extremely rare，The strange products belonging to the peak of the Tang Dynasty。This is different from the difference in the bottom of the abdomen，There is a lotus -shaped relief pattern on the outside of each foot，There is also a shape of a lotus pattern on the belly，This is different from the difference in the bottom of the abdomen，Beautiful and generous，Don't have a taste。

　　Aesthetics

The decoration of the Tang Dynasty Laotai rarely appeared on the shape of the 箕 砚 砚，Occasionally I see the first printed or lion in the shape of the 箕 砚、Xianhe and other patterns。Lions and cranes are animals that people like people very much in the Tang Dynasty，So they often appear on painting and fabrics and various crafts，symbolic meaning of kingship or longevity。If there are carved stone lions in front of the Emperor's Mausoleum，The mighty and attitude of the lion reflects the royal weather; the crane is a beautiful pattern for longevity and auspiciousness，It appears in the famous paintings like "Lady Flower Ladies Pictures"，Embroidered on the silk fabric worn by the lady，Expressing the ideal pursuit of the upper level of society at that time。Pian Yongzheng generally only has a less beast -shaped pattern on the feet。Sancai Kai Yongzheng generally except the beast or human face decoration，Decoration more relying on the three -color glaze color to reflect the beauty of the era of Tang Sancai。

For alien 砚，Decoration is mainly reflected in the change of shape，If the peak peak pottery，There are also turtle -shaped、凫 等 等，belonging to the bionic，In addition, there is also making bet365 best casino games the side wall into a lotus -like，砚 箕 箕 箕 箕。In short，The aliens of the Tang Dynasty are the most changing multi -end，strong artistic，strong artistic，Each one is unique art treasure。

The Han Dynasty and its previous puppets were mostly stone，There are fewer pottery systems，The requirements for stone quality are not high，Basically with sandstone as the main，Occasionally bluestone、flowers and stones, etc.。By the time of the Three Kingdoms, the two Jin and Northern and Southern Dynasties，Celadon porcelain began to appear in large quantities，Especially excavated in the south, the unearthed Thailand is basically the main celadon pest，The north is mainly based on stone pupa and a small amount of pottery。Enter the Sui and Tang Dynasties，Tao Yan in the north becomes the mainstream，Most of them are fired for Lizhou。Because of the presence of Tao Yan because of Qianzhou，Closer to Beijing，On the road to Chang'an again，Therefore, it becomes the main place of supply of Changan in the capital city。

At the same time，Lazhou Shiwan produced by Luzhou is also named Chong'an。Tang Dynasty people slowly had requirements for the texture of the Tai Tai，I hope that the stone is delicate and friction，Ask Both Mo Kuai，Refine again，Writing and use。Dazhou Stone Stone Fine，Naturally, it has become the first choice for Changan in the Tang Dynasty。The latest in the Tang Dynasty，Duan Yan has appeared，It should be used by the royal or upper nobles at that time，Daming Palace Site was once unearthed to the Duanbi specimen，It can be seen that its use level is very high。

The Sifang Tai Tai unearthed from the site of Datang West City is just a microcosm used by the Tang Dynasty，These strokes have witnessed the prosperity of the starting point of the "Silk Road"，is the carrier Bet365 app download of the recording of cultural exchanges between China and the West。Now，After thousands of years of historical wind and rain，These cricket Taiwan itself has become part of the "Silk Road" culture。Lucky is，They are saved，You can also show us and tell us the past in Chang'an in the museum。

　　(Author Unit: Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Arts)