In modern society，The meaning of leisure has undergone fundamental changes: The ancient Greeks attached great importance to leisure time，Conscious leisure as an important practice of personal self -labor，Improving self -cultivation by learning various technical works，Improve the ability to resist the erosion of desire; modern people regard leisure as consumption time and pure survival enjoyment，and means a new kind of non -self -labor survival burnout，This fundamental change has made the meaning of leisure once lost。

　　Bet365 app download

From the time of self -labor to pure consumer entertainment time，The theoretical connotation of the category of casual category has such a sharp change? Hannah Arent proposed an explanation。In her opinion，Labor and consumption are just two stages of the same process that is necessary for life，So，We live in a consumer society，Also live in a worker society。The reason for the formation of this society is due to the rapid development of productivity and the widespread application of technology，The degree of automation of the entire society is getting higher and higher，Human beings are relieved from the oldest labor burden，is to liberate from the absolute obedience of labor and needs。but，As humans no longer restrain the traditional labor life，Workers walk out of the factory、Entering Society，Make the entire society a worker society，As a result, almost all human activities are transformed into a common ruler for obtaining necessities and providing ample material。Come with it，The conclusion of survival is，No matter what we do，The purpose is to make a living; all serious activities have been immediately reduced to the level of making bet365 live casino games a living; all labor theory defines labor as an antonym of "leisure"。So，All activities，No matter what the final result is，It is defined as labor; all activities，If you cannot provide an individual life or a must -have group life，Both of them are classified as leisure fun。Liberation of labor does not cause equality of labor and other activities，Instead, putting labor in an extremely lofty rule of rule。This is here，All activities that have nothing to do with labor have become a casual hobby。

From the eyes of Hannah Aren，Liberation of labor and the labor class to get rid of cruel exploitation and oppression does not mean that everyone has entered a free space，Instead, the first human beings are placed under the inevitable。The cycle of Life Week has gone through two stages of labor and consumption，The final result is just to make almost all human "labor force" spend on consumption，What follows is a serious leisure problem -workers who break away from the shackles of forced labor know nothing to know after gaining freedom。In her opinion，"Freedom time ultimately liberated people from inevitability and allows labor animals to be creative，Based on the illusion of a mechanical philosophy "。That is to say，If the labor force of a person is not completely consumed in the hardship of life，It is not possible to automatically cultivate more advanced complex activities。The reasoning error of this illusion is that: the leisure of labor animals only uses the desire to consume and satisfy the desire to survive。The more time for the casual of labor animals，His desire is getting greedy and strong。These desires will even become more refined，So consumption is no longer limited to meeting basic daily needs，Instead of focusing on more and richer luxury goods，Then cause more serious resource loss and extreme waste。This phenomenon does not mean that labor animals Bet365 app download have been evolved，Then get the existence of the true meaning，It means a threat，As a result, "No world object can escape consumer swallow without being destroyed"。

Hannah Arente reminds us very cautiously，We are already a member of the consumer society，The essence of our entire economy has evolved into a waste economy to a certain extent，Everything appears in the world，Immediately face the fate of being swallowed and abandoned。We are no longer living in a real world，Instead, it is continuously promoted by a process of cycling，In this process，Constantly appearing and disappearing things，This starts。The easier it is to live in a consumer society，The fact that it is driven by inevitability, the more difficult it is to be detected。The danger of this survival situation is，Such a society is dazzled by a wealthy appearance，So immersed in the endless stable operation of，No longer able to recognize its own emptiness -a life that "cannot affirm and realize itself in the end of any labor"，Destined to be empty。　　

　　The emergence of reorganized capitalism and consumer society

Hannah Aren has accurately grasped the key features of today's society from production to consumption transformation: equality becomes alternative，Elegant becomes mediocre，No object can escape consumption，Generalization of hedonism has led to general unfortunate society。but，The fatal defect of Arrot analysis is，She completely guilty of these situations to those workers who have been excluded from the historical process，Those who have been exiled in the ruins of alienation labor。The reason why this kind of misreal error occurs，Mainly because she sets the foundation of the analysis on a hypothesis -in her opinion，Those engaged in fragmented labor are influxed into the society instantly。Actually，The emergence of consumer society is just a cultural phenomenon caused by the economic Bet365 lotto review strategy used by capitalism to cope with the economic crisis。The capitalist economic crisis in 1929 did not cause capitalism to martyrs in crisis，Instead, the road that has opened up capitalism is completely reorganized。Capitalism can re -win survival by opening up emerging markets，Actively developing various leisure industries，Extremely occupying the free time of the public，The relationship between production and consumption is fundamentally reshaped at all。If war is the continuation of politics，So consumption is the continuation of production。In other words，Production is not only to manufacture products，By the premise of making the demand for products，Products used for consumption Once out of the production process，It becomes a tool for product demand，and the necessary ways to survive for the use of product use。Only by creating corresponding needs and usage methods，Products can be put into production。These products are popular products，All users -consumers were transformed in the same way，"They turned people into an exactly the same creature ... Volkswagen products also created the unity and the public itself of the public"。

So，The key to understanding the causes of consumer society is to understand the existence of people in consumer society。Increase in consumption promotes the production of industrial，Capitalism can increase workers' income、Improve the consumption capacity of workers to transfer the crisis brought by excessive production。Reasonable capital By transferred to its own interests，Part of the results acquired by the remaining labor to workers，Re -occupying the results of being transferred through industrialization such as leisure activities such as consumer activity，This，The crisis of capitalism can be relieved and transferred to consumers。During the industrial capitalist period，Leisure practice Bet365 app download to reduce due to labor，The proletariat fought unyieldingly; in today's consumerist period，Capital suddenly finds that through investment and development of the leisure industry, it can alleviate the contradiction with workers，You can get more huge profits。The premise of the profit brought by the leisure industry is to stimulate the impulse desire that was once suppressed and restrained。Marx once pointed out，Commodity worship and education issues have unprecedented development in consumer society，Then there is a variety of variants such as desire worship and education。This，Leisure is eroded by capital，All kinds of desires (products)，Capital that has been restrained by abstinence is now beginning to become intense。

　　Nomadic life of sinking consumption and leisure and subject

We know，Normal people can be divided into two parts: working time and leisure time。In the past capital, I only know how to use labor time，Therefore, try to extend the labor time; now，To achieve its own smooth expansion，Capital invested a large amount of leisure time，So the communication industry、The audio and video industry、Tourism and other expansion development，Labor hours and leisure time have all become tools for capital expansion。From the perspective of the subject system, you can also capture this ending: if production science and labor science belong to the production field，Then marketing is a consumer field; the former improves production efficiency by re -organizing labor，The latter re -organizes leisure through psychological analysis and other methods to improve capital flow efficiency。Actually，Many scientific sciences are used by marketing sciences today。Psychoanalysis and application psychology is used to analyze the desire and thirst of consumption，Sociology is used to divide consumers into different target groups，Neur economics Bet365 lotto review and neuros marketing, combined with the secretion of endorphins in the brain to promote "positive emotions" that consumers feel happy，To study the formation process of purchase decision -making。A variety of communication skills are used as a research basis for the study of consumer behavior。

Philosophy also did not get rid of this destiny。One of the goals of philosophy is to study the meaning of our life world。Where Freud，The main body is the rules of the following、Ship Desire，And with the satisfaction of desire, the main body of neuropathy that is prone to guilty。The capital market uses psychoanalytic theory to loosen the desire for hidden and depressed in the capital market，Relying on the power of the market，Universal consumption manufacturing is reduced in consumption.、Visible arrogant subject。Dellez once rendered a special life -nomadic，is the different forms of the composition and settlement power from the country，Forgot power，Get rid of the restraint of power，and re -seek strength。For today's subject，Stimulation of violations becomes the standard for the survival of the subject，Identity positioning is blurred，constantly updated products and desires have become people entering the nomadic life and leisure tap。Many e -products form a comprehensive and detailed nomadic space，They jointly build a modern paradise that transcends traditional survival samples nomadic。To achieve this leisure fantasy，People only need to completely indulge in various consumer leisure，It is sufficient to become an illusion under consumer and leisure regulation。It is under this mode，The former leisure has become the subject of the utopian sinking illusion，The subject cannot choose or regulate the object，The wantonly invasion of the consumer casual model has completely customized the generalization of the main body、Balanced modern life。

　　(This article is the periodic results of the Renmin University of China in 2018, the initiated talent cultivation planning plan)

(Author Unit: School of Philosophy of Renmin University of China)