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Different from natural science，Social sciences take human social phenomena as research objects，Its traditional research paradigm is controversial in terms of cognitive accuracy。But，The arrival of the era of big data provides potential solutions to make up for this defect。With the accelerated evolution of a new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial change in the world，Data source、Data processing and data analysis and other data -related technologies develop rapidly，Especially with statistical learning、Machine learning、Data analysis methods represented by deep learning and even more extensive artificial intelligence，is bringing a new cognitive method，Provides strong support for the new paradigm of social science research driven by data。

　Big data conceptual characteristics and connotation

Big Data (BIG DATA) first appeared in a special report on information management of "Economics" magazine in February 2010。May 2011，McKinsey Global Research Institute entitled "Big Data: Next Innovation、Edge of Competition and Productivity "，defines big data as "Get the size beyond the conventional database tool、Storage、Data sets of management and analysis ability "。The more popular big data definition is now，Need a new processing mode to have stronger decision -making、Massive insight and process optimization ability、High growth rate and diversified information assets。In the book of "Big Data Age" in Victor Mel Sheriger，Big data technology is described as: no longer based on traditional random analysis method，The processing mode using all data for analysis。Volume、real -time (velocity)、variety and validity (Volatility) become typical features of big data。This is also a widely acceptable 3V in the definition of big data、4V or NV。other，Big data technology also includes bet365 live casino games data collection (production)、Data storage、Data processing、Data analysis and display, the professional knowledge and skills required for various links。​​These multidisciplinary、Cross -disciplinary knowledge and skills integrated together，Together constitutes a big data technology system (or "data science")。

After the concept of big data was first proposed，This technology is already precise marketing、Information Security、Smart Manufacturing、Semantic recognition、Text analysis and other areas of many areas obtained fruitful results。But，Big data applications in the field of social sciences stay more in the concept and pattern replication stage。Even so，Scholars generally think，The rise of big data brings new opportunities for the reconstruction of the social science discipline system and the change of research paradigm。

　　Effective response to the complex adaptability of human society

In fact，Big data and the big data technology system formed around the use of big data，Provides technical feasibility for the complex adaptability characteristics of effective response to human social activities，So as to promote social sciences to learn from the achievements of natural sciences、Forms a new paradigm based on data -based social science research provides strong support。

One，Big data technology helps systematically scan the social science phenomenon。Traditional social science research is limited by data collection、Technical factors for information transmission and knowledge acquisition，It is often impossible to systematically locate and describe the whole picture of social phenomena。Its two，Big data technology helps to track social problems。Social science issues often have real -time and evolution characteristics，Traditional research methods are difficult to track and feedback on many internal and external factors that promote the transformation of things，The derivation and development process of the incident is lagging behind the incident。Its three，Big data technology helps to systematically bet365 Play online games analyze the essential motivation and diversified factors of things。Traditional research methods set based on significant variables，Technically unable to collect and calculate the all -factor factors that affect social phenomena，A significant impact of the neglected elements、Differential mutations or cumulative transition effects，Major deviations that may lead to the results of the research。Its four，Big data technology helps approach the overall data。Traditional research methods often control the representative and error factors of data through subjective judgment or scientific sampling，Build a quantitative description on this basis、Assuming test、Parameter estimation and other series of methods and systems。The overall approximate feature of big data is not only an extension of data resources，Its theoretical foundation and technical structure provides a possibility of structural change in social science development。

　　Turn on the cognitive bias of big data

The current big data theory and big data technology and the goal of providing solutions for the complexity of social sciences are still a lot of distance，Specific the following main obstacles。First，The name of the big data itself has a certain misleading。Emphasizing the "big" of data is the primary connotation of big data technology。But，Due to the great improvement of storage and computing power，Data collection has become a passive process without a clear goal。This makes the value density of the data exponential attenuation，The processing cost of redundant data continues to soar，Objectively form weight、Light quality real defects。2，Bombs and non -consistency of big data。Big data technology for the "first -hand" information for specific targets，Still "selective deviation"。Data collected by passive collection enables big data technology to observe and collect the information of the behavior.。Therefore，Unable to guarantee the non -biasedness and consistency of the data。Third，The tendency of heavy technical development light problems。Big data Bet365 lotto review technology begins with data collection、Storage、Transmission and calculation，The current applications are mostly in these fields，More concentrated on big data technology development，instead of really applying big data to solve practical problems。The essence of social science research is problem -oriented，Choose appropriate data and methods based on real problems，instead of moving hard set big data solutions。Fourth，Precision positioning at the micro -micro level，Total amount at the macro level。The results of big data in the field of commercial marketing，Let people use big data more to make precise positioning of micro individuals、Status recognition and behavioral prediction，The core of social science is still the analysis of social phenomena，The logical association and conduction mechanism between the micro foundation and the macro reality must be opened。fifth，Excessive emphasis on relations Discover，Understanding cause and effect analysis。This is also a key issue that restricts the effective role of big data technology。This technology greatly improves the dimension and depth of the collection of data，Let people really look at social phenomena and social problems from the perspective of global and dynamic evolution。But it excludes traditional research system based on causal relationships，Solution that trys to cross things and seek social phenomena cognition。Therefore，If big data technology cannot reverse the deviation, a cognitive mode，It is difficult to make breakthrough progress in the field of social sciences。

　　Promoting Social Science Research Intelligence

Overall，The advent of the era of big data provides an important opportunity for the development of social science。Social science research is expected to break through traditional social survey methods and mathematical models、Inference restrictions on traditional quantitative technologies such as statistics and measurement modeling。But，Social science development should not be completely limited to the definition of the current big data bet365 Play online games concept and technical limitation。Based on social theory and social reality，Actively excavate multiple basic data，Construction of the connection network between social subjects，Make full use of the comprehensive integrated mode of human -machine binding，The origin and logical transmission mechanism of traceability of social phenomena，As a result, precise and quantitative structural analysis and prediction deduction of social science research objects，Make it one of the important ways to develop the future development of social science，Data -driven social science research new paradigm。

The new paradigm is an empirical method that breaks through traditional social science research passively finding experience evidence、Establish a new way to actively quantifying on the basis of data resources。Question orientation、Comprehensive integration、Mechanism trace the source、Comprehensive integration、Quantitative calculation will be the basic feature of data -driven social science research paradigm。Future，Social Science Research State will face major changes，But it does not violate its own academic origin; more big data technology is applied for more，But it will not abandon the research foundation based on the quantitative statistical method; constantly deeply and accurately portray the behavior and status of micro -individuals，But it will not ignore the research paths of macro total characteristics and micro -macro -integration; the scientific methods of data computing and simulation experiments are mainly used，But still based on human wisdom and professional experience。On the basis of the above，Social science will gradually change from the research paradigm of data empirical applications to the research paradigm of data -driven。

Data as the basic support of modern social science research，Whether it is polygonal non -structured big data or statistical sampling data，Its core is to solve the real problem that matches the requirements of social development。Therefore，It is necessary Bet365 lotto review to focus on the following issues in the future。

First，Establish a scientific data resource evaluation system。The innovation of the big data collection mode cannot completely eliminate the bias or non -consistency of the data sample。Scientific sampling method based on the laws of large number and central limited theory，It still has irreplaceable applicability in the future。Therefore，The current primary task should be guided by social problems，Create a systematic data resources (quality) evaluation theory and evaluation method，For the whole domain、Diversity、Real -time non -structural data propose validity judgment standard，Study on the ethical issues of data science at the same time。

Next，To solve the total amount of big data level cumulative problems。Refine the summary of micro -non -structural data science systems into total amount information at different levels，The basis for deconstructing macro social phenomena based on micro big data。Effective refining of data information to some extent determines whether big data technology can truly integrate into the research system of social sciences。

again，Proposal solutions on the basis of data analysis。The development of social sciences in the future should be based on multi -source data，The combination of intelligent computing and expert wisdom，Measured analysis of social phenomena，Putting a scientific governance system and model for social issues，Finally established the research mechanism and paradigm of "engineering disposal" in social sciences。

Last，Focus on the discovery of the logical causality mechanism and mechanism。Big Data Studies cannot pay one -sided attention to correlation，It should pay more attention to the essence of social phenomena to discover，Scientific answer "What" and "why" basic propositions。Therefore，It is necessary to use the correlation advantage of diversified real -time data，Cause and effect mechanism of accurately clarifying social phenomena，Logic mechanism of excavating social problems，Forms truly scientific and effective governance methods and bet365 best casino games ways，Ben the formation of intelligent social science research tools and platforms。

　　(This article is the Study of the Effects of Digital Economy on the Economic Development of the Economic Development (18AZD006)、"Research on the Design and Construction of Comprehensive Integrated Simulation Experimental Platform" (18AJL006) phased results)

(Author Unit: Institute of Quantitative Economics and Economics of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences)