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Deepen the reform of rural collective property rights to promote the healthy development of farmers' economy

May 20, 2020 03:16 Source: "China Social Sciences", May 20, 2020, 1929th author: Jiang Yongmu Dai Zhongliang

　　The Fourth Plenary Session of the 19th Central Committee of the Party clearly proposed，Deepen the reform of the rural collective property rights system，Develop rural collective economy，Improve the basic operating system of rural areas。It is necessary to allow small farmers to connect collective property rights reform to achieve value creation，Promote the common development of the two。

　　So，Why do small farmers connect the reform of collective property rights to achieve value creation? This aspect is because my country's small farmers and collective property rights have close internal connections。Based on family contracting operations。According to the third national agricultural census main data bulletin，Chinese farmers account for more than 98%of agricultural business entities，Small farmer practitioners account for 90%of agricultural practitioners，Small farmers operating arable land area account for 70%of the total arable land area。This shows that small farmers are still the main form of household contracting in my country，Its basic status cannot be shaken。But at the same time, you should also notice，Small farmers in family -oriented small farmers have small land scale、The number of funds is small、Questions of poor production technology，It is difficult to meet the development requirements of modern agriculture。my country's current basic rural business system，Emphasize unified divisions and two -layer operations。Unified operation here，refers to the management of the village -level collective economic organization，Planning farmland water conservancy construction and crop layout，Provide machine farming for scattered small farmers、Play broadcast、Ewan irrigation、Prevention and treatment of diseases and insect pests、Agricultural product processing and other services。

　　On the other hand，small farmers connect rural collective property rights reform to achieve value creation，Not only has it adapting and promoting bet365 Play online games the process of modern agriculture in my country、The necessity of improving the basic operating system in the countryside，It also has the possibility under the trend of diversified operations in small farmers' decentralized operations and rural collective unified operations。Disposal operations of small farmers，Based on land contract，Surrounded by land、labor force、Fund and other traditional agricultural production factors for resource optimization allocation，Extension into the innovation and improvement of the land property system based on "three rights division"。Circulation through land operation rights，The business scale of some small farmers has gradually expanded，Business scope gradually extends，Business formats gradually diverse，In addition to the traditional operation and breeding industry，It also opened up the farmhouse、Leisure Farm、Agricultural Tourism and other industries。At the same time，Collective unified operation，From the original "two committees" of the village "two committees", the simple land package，Development into a plan for the transfer of land operation rights、Guidance、Organization and Supervision，Or a new type of agricultural business entity based on farmers cooperatives based on rural collective economic assets。In some developed areas，Rural collective economy begins to provide internal and external resources、Strive for policy discounts、Docking city needs、Public services to promote industrial integration and other aspects，Help rural revitalization。In short，Diversity of family decentralized operations and collective unified operations，Provides many paths for the organic connection between the two，Help deeply integrate in a wider field。

　　I think，Currently realizing the reform of collective property rights for small farmers、Promoting common development，You can start from the following six aspects。

　　First, it depends on the party's leadership。Current，The main body of the management of the rural collective economy in my country is the village "two committees"，The development of the rural collective economy is inseparable bet365 Play online games from the party's leadership。The Regulations of the Rural Work of the Communist Party of China in August 2019 clearly stipulate，"The village party organization secretary shall serve as the director of the villagers' committee and village -level collective economic organization through legal procedures、The person in charge of the Economic Organization of Cooperation "，We must "effectively protect the interests and democratic rights of farmers and democratic rights，Protecting farmers and not support、Support and not support the basis for formulating the party's rural policy "。This shows that the party attaches great importance to the development of rural collective economy，The focus of the party's work in rural areas。The collective economy with the village party organization secretary as the person in charge，Should be circulated in the land、New type of agricultural business entity training、Collective economic governance structure、Public product provision and rural governance play a pioneering role in many aspects，In the process of the development of rural collective economic development, the vital interests of the majority of farmers are the first place。As General Secretary Xi Jinping said，"Rural revitalization is not to enjoy it，Can't wait、Can't get it，Strive by the majority of farmers。The village party branch must be to help farmers get rich、Maintain rural stability、Powerful fighting fortress to promote rural revitalization "。

　　The second is to rely on the "three power separation" reform of the land。Rural collective economy should be standardized to organize and coordinate land circulation process，Promoting the efficient transfer of land resources，Protect the legitimate rights and interests of small farmers in land circulation。Secondly, stabilize the right to contract farmers，Clear the contracting right is only a collective member，At the same time, strictly distinguish the right to land contracting and operating rights，Clarify the relationship between the rights of land at different levels，Avoid confusion and blur。Current，In particular, it is clear that only land contract management rights can Bet365 app download be circulated by mortgage and other methods。Finally, the right to live land，Dynamic matching between the supplier of the management right and the demand party。Actively explore and innovate the circulation mode of land operation rights，In -depth analysis of land hosting、Lian Ganglian species、Swap of land operation rights and mortgage of land operation rights、Belief of Land Management Rights and other modes，Based on the actual situation of various regions, it is flexibly adopted，Maximize the efficiency of land circulation。

　　Third, it depends on the new type of agricultural business body。According to the provisions of the Land Management Law of the People's Republic of China，Collective economic organizations can operate and manage rural land，Form the land configuration relationship with small farmers as collective members，The generation and development process of new agricultural business entities represented by family farms and farmers cooperatives，It is the embodiment of this configuration relationship。Under the background of diversified family business operations，Some small farmers rely on their own breeding skills and business capabilities，According to the scale of modern agriculture、Standardized、requirements for quality and marketization，Founded Family Farm。In this process，The exchange of agricultural resources allows the farmers to achieve labor with land as the core、Optimized allocation of resources and other resources，Small farmers who transfer the land can get a stable rental income，Small farmers who transfer to the land obtain agricultural operating income based on large -scale land。further，With the leadership and assistance of collective economic organizations，Small farmers set up farmer cooperatives in the form of land operating rights，Realize the cooperation of equity as the bond unified operation。other，Source of the village collective and farmers' shares，It can also be a special fund for the original subsidy to the cooperative，This will not change the use of funds，can also make the vast number of small farmers truly get property income。In short，Family farm optimized Bet365 app download the resource allocation method of small farmers，Farmers Cooperative optimized the organizational configuration form of small farmers。It is foreseeable is，The main farmer cooperative with family farms will be the direction of the development of my country's agricultural business subjects in the future。

　　Fourth is to rely on agricultural social service organizations。Fourth is to rely on agricultural social service organizations，It also shoulders the responsibility of providing public products in rural areas。This requires the first to increase the government's investment in rural social services。On the one hand，Deepen the reform of the agricultural investment management system，Establish an agricultural investment system for unified management of the agricultural authority，It is guaranteed that there are special funds invested in the construction of agricultural service agencies led by collective economy，Especially the construction of agricultural infrastructure; on the other hand，Try to buy by the government，Support and encourage capable social service agencies to provide market -oriented services，Gradually build and improve one yuan as the main、Organic combination、A supplementary social service system。Next，Passing government policy and funding support，Forms a number of operating social services subjects，Build a social service platform，Provide regularity to small farmers、persistence、Low -priced and wide range of agricultural services，truly benefit small farmers。Last，Agricultural technology promotion in service content、Training knowledge training、Skills Talents Transmission、Commercial information consulting, etc.，Make full use of information communication，Forms "Public Service Institution as support、Marketing Service Institutions Supplement "Operation Mode，Realize social services in personnel supply、Supervision Evaluation、Comprehensive coverage in information transmission。

　　Five is to rely on agricultural technological progress。Current，Technical Innovation Different Moon，It is an important engine bet365 best casino games for the development of modern agriculture，But the overall trend of this progress has led to the cost and method of technological use increasingly not conducive to the development of small farmers，Causes the rapid progress in agricultural technology and a deadlock with limited benefits of small farmers。Organic connection with the collective economy，Small farmers can better enjoy the results brought by agricultural technological progress。On the one hand，Opportunity to introduce and spread agricultural technology with the help of collective economic organizations，Small farmers can be low -cost or even support the support of agricultural technology for free，Production specialty agricultural products to increase income; on the other hand，The advantages of the land scale of the new type of agricultural business，It ensures the possibility and practicality of its use of modern agricultural technology，to participate in the modern agricultural value chain and improve the control of agricultural product standards，While increasing the income of the cooperative itself，Make farmers get more property income for land shares、The operating income of the land operation and the labor income of employed labor。In other words，Small farmers connect with the collective economy，Optimized the use of agricultural technology，Reduced the cost of utilization，Make agricultural technological progress combining organic combination with small farmers' value。

　　Six is to rely on the cultivation of rural professionals。"Village Revitalization，Talent is the key "。First of all, pay attention to the demonstration effect of rural professionals。Those who have a kind of care experience、Management ability、Professional talents with both virtue are samples and benchmarks for small farmers' learning，Promote the successful experience of these people，Cultivate a large number of new professional farmers，Lay the foundation for talent for connecting rural collective economy。Followed to optimize the structure of the rural talent team。It is necessary to vigorously cultivate and enable all kinds of professional capabilities，Especially to encourage people who go out to go bet365 best casino games home to start a business，Also rely on those who are politically strong township cadres and people who are looking forward to virtue，Formation of politics、There is a professional、May dedication、Ventative talent team that can innovate。Finally, to increase the investment in the training of rural talents。How to use government subsidies and purchases，Provide space and conditions for the majority of farmers to improve quality and ability to improve through the force of social schooling。Diversified training form，Pay attention to the teaching of modern business management knowledge that meets the development of modern agriculture，Let the theoretical knowledge and actual operation closely combine。

　　(Author Unit: School of Economics, Sichuan University; Business School of Southwest University of Political Science and Law)

Editor in charge: Changchang