"The Fourteenth Five -Year Planning of the National Economic and Social Development of the People's Republic of China and the Outline of the Metropolitania Target in 2035" clearly pointed out，"Based on the domestic large cycle，Coordinated promotion of strong domestic market and construction of a strong trade country，Forms a strong gravity field for global resource elements "。Employment is the largest people's livelihood，Stable and high -quality employment is the basis for promoting the construction of a strong domestic market and a strong trade country。With the continued in -depth of global economic integration，The trend of globalization of labor is becoming increasingly obvious，Coordinating trade and employment has become an important issue for current international trade research。Employment creative ability to improve trade，For the organic connection and mutual promotion of the domestic cycle and international cycle, it is important。

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The change of the advantages of my country's trade comparative advantage，Although optimized the trade product structure，But weakening the ability to create employment in trade。The transformation of the trade method and the sudden new coronary pneumonia epidemic increasing the difficulty of trade creation employment。

First，In recent years, my country's trade comparative advantage has changed greatly。Labor -intensive products are no longer the main export products，Its comparative advantage also gradually weakened due to rising labor costs，and mechanical Bet365 lotto review and electrical products, such as capital and technology -intensive hybrid products, have accounted for many years in my country's export products。According to the data of the Ministry of Commerce，2020 mechanical and electrical product exports increased by 6%，Increasing proportion of 1.1 percentage points，It is now as high as 59.4%，This means that 60 % of the export products in our country are mechanical and electrical products，And this proportion may be further increased。Change of trade comparative advantages will profoundly affect the employment creative ability of trade，Because compared to labor -intensive products，The labor force required for capital -intensive and technical dense products, especially low -tech labor, is less，So change with the advantages of trade，The ability to create employment in trade must decline。

​​Next，The international trade method has achieved innovation and development。Cross -border e -commerce has gradually become the first choice for enterprises to carry out international trade，Online network transactions spread all over the world。According to the data of the Ministry of Commerce，In 2020, the import and export of my country's use of cross -border e -commerce platforms increased by 31.1%year -on -year，There are already over 10,000 traditional trading companies touch the Internet，Digital trade mode began to penetrate the whole process of international trade。Digital trade methods such as online transactions have significantly reduced trade costs，But at the same time, it also reduces the human resources needed by the enterprise，Then weaken the employment creative ability of exports。Not only that，The epidemic of new crown pneumonia still has not been fully effectively controlled in the world，Under the condition of the duration of the epidemic influence and the normalization of the epidemic prevention and control，Exporting companies still have difficulty maintaining existing jobs，The motivation of the new employment position may be partially suppressed。

　　Pay attention to the employment creative ability of trade

The ability to create bet365 best casino games employment in trade decreases，It has a key impact on the high -quality transformation of the country's economy，Directly related to the implementation effect of trade policies for trade promotion in high levels。For a long time，Exports have made important contributions to my country's employment growth and stability of the labor market。According to the data from the Ministry of Commerce and the State Bureau of Statistics，Foreign foreign trade drives directly and indirect employment exceeding 200 million people，Among them, more than 80 million are migrant workers。Because the impact of foreign trade on employment is too great due to foreign trade，In the future, if the ability to create employment in trade will decline，Even if it is only a certain degree of decline，All will have a huge impact on the labor market。Economic and social problems caused by unemployment growth are endangered by the country's long -term development，The growth of the unemployment of the flow population will even affect their survival and life。Lost support for export trade，"Stable employment" and even the goal of promoting employment will become more difficult to achieve。

First，The ability to create employment in trade decline，It will have a negative effect on the improvement of the efficiency of the labor market and the optimization of the structure of the company's production factors。According to the screening theory of Herpman and others，Exports can not only expand the employment scale，It can also use the screening mechanism to increase the income of medium and high skill labor and increase the average labor productivity of the enterprise。This is because export companies facing stronger international market competition will raise the screening threshold for recruitment，Therefore, the income treatment of the post must also be increased。Mid -high skill labor obtains higher salary，to encourage labor bet365 best casino games forces to work hard to improve their skills; export companies have higher labor productivity，Therefore, stronger competitiveness is formed in the international market，This is a manifestation of the improvement of the efficiency of the labor market and the optimization of the production factor structure of the enterprise。But the premise of achieving the above goals is the ability to maintain strong employment creation，Otherwise, the efficiency of the labor market and the optimization of the production factor structure of the enterprise will not be able to talk about。

2，The ability to create employment in trade decline，It will affect the further play of export comparative advantages。Although in recent years, due to the rise in employment costs and the upgrading of the industrial chain，my country's comparative advantage in labor -intensive products is being greatly challenged，But before the country fully realized the export structure optimization，Can't easily abandon the international competitiveness of labor -intensive products。First，Labor -intensive industry compared to capital and technology -intensive industries，Can solve more employment; second，Maintenance of the advantages of labor -intensive products，It is important for the survival and development of a large number of low -value -added enterprises;，There are certain advantages in labor -intensive products，The advantages of helping capital and technology -intensive products。If the ability to create employment in trade can not be recovered and protected，The export industry and enterprises cannot obtain sufficient labor supply，The comparative advantage that will inevitably be accelerated in my country ’s dense products，The comparative advantage cultivation of capital -intensive products and technology -intensive products is lost，The continuous harm to the improvement of the long -term foreign trade quality in my country。

third，The ability to create employment in trade decline，It may also interfere with the implementation Bet365 app download effect of expanding domestic demand policies。Expanding domestic demand is when the development of foreign trade is unfavorable，The important foundation for continuing to maintain stable economic development。In order to better cope with the uncertainty risk of the external economy，The government has always expanded domestic demand as an important policy goal。The realization of the realization of domestic demand requires time，In this "window period"，On the one hand, economic growth still needs support for foreign trade，On the other hand, expanding domestic demand requires stable employment as a guarantee。If the ability to create employment in trade declines，Exit can not effectively support economic growth，Can't help employment stability，Expanding the realization of domestic demand goals will be disturbed。

　　Comprehensively improving the employment creative ability of trade

Facts that face challenges based on my country's export employment creative ability，The production characteristics of different export products should be fully identified and distinguished from the distribution of the industrial chain，Employment creation channels that broaden the entire industrial chain，Employment creative ability to improve trade，will be unblocked in China and the mutual combination of domestic and international dual cycles。

First, improve the level of modernization of the entire industry chain of export products，Adhere to the export industry with densely develop different production factors。From the perspective of the overall industrial development of the country，Only coordinated development、Coordinating the primary industry、Labor -intensive industry、Capital -intensive industries and technology -intensive industries，can maintain the overall economic operation of the country，Realize the industrial upgrade goals while ensuring the level of employment。Exporting enterprises for dense and capital -intensive products for production technology，In the past, bet365 live casino games the employment position was often distributed in the middle and lower reaches of the industrial chain，Export companies for labor -intensive and resource -intensive products，In the past, it was more to create employment positions in the upper and middle reaches of the industrial chain。In the future, it should guide enterprises to broaden the employment creation channel of the entire industrial chain: for medium and high -tech products，Employment positions should be created from the source of innovation and design; for low -tech products，It should be expanded、After -sales、Transportation、Warehousing and other industrial chains under the demand for downstream positions。

Second, give full play to the complementary nature of corporate workers，Encourage export companies to recruit high -skilled labor forces，In order to drive the efficiency of labor production in the job。Screening theory of Herpman and others pointed out，Complement of workers' ability，The work efficiency of the workers (measured with the average labor output) will increase with the recruitment of more high capabilities，This is the inevitable result caused by the potential competition effect between employees and employees in the job。Encourage export companies to recruit high -skilled labor forces，With the help of recruiting employees' high skills to drive the production efficiency improvement in employees，Provide possible possibilities for further subdivision and creation of more professional positions。Appropriate front -ahead of the work of cultivating professional talents，Complete or basically complete professional technology training before the potential employment enters the labor market。Government front professional talent training work，instead of putting the main training work after participating，Not only can reduce the labor cost of the enterprise，It can also ensure that the talents obtained by the screened enterprise bet365 live casino games are immediately put into use，so as to save adaptation costs，Makes the company's capital ability for new jobs。

　　(Author Unit: National Institute of Open Foreign Opening of the University of Foreign Economics and Trade)