Basic establishment of my country's carbon peak carbon neutralization and the "1+N" policy system，Establish and improve the carbon emission right trading market (hereinafter referred to as the "carbon market")，Not only will it help strengthen the price of the market，It can also reduce the implementation cost of the carbon reduction scheme，In promoting the adjustment of the industrial structure、Inhibit the "carbon leak" behavior in the area、Accelerate the important role of accelerating the comprehensive green and low carbon transformation of economic and social development，fully demonstrated the carbon market system with Chinese characteristics。

my country's carbon market construction is mainly divided into three stages。First, I participated in the international carbon trading system during the "Twelfth Five -Year Plan" period，Explore the construction of China's carbon market。Early construction，my country mainly participates in the clean development mechanism (CDM) project under the "Kyoto Protocol"，Constructing China's clean development mechanism，Development of carbon emissions trading business。Second, carbon trading pilots will be launched in 7 provinces and cities since 2011，While actively promoting the construction of a carbon trading mechanism such as voluntary reduction of national certification (CCER) market，Specifies and encourages domestic greenhouse gas voluntary emission reduction trading activities。Third is to accelerate the construction of a national unified carbon market during the "Fourteenth Five -Year Plan" period。July 16, 2021，The national carbon market officially launched online transaction，It marks that my country's carbon transactions enter the new stage。From the perspective of development trends，The national carbon market transaction volume and carbon prices are cyclical fluctuations，Market activity and liquidity will further improve。

my country's carbon market is currently the world's largest carbon market，bet365 best casino games Total 2162 key emission units in the power generation industry，Effectively improved the company's "cost of carbon discharge、Low -carbon development consciousness of carbon reduction "。As of September 15, 2022，National Carbon Market Carbon Emissions Quota (CEA) cumulative transaction volume reached 195 million tons，The cumulative turnover is 8.559 billion yuan。Generally speaking，The national carbon market has been launched for more than a year，Get positive progress in many aspects。First，Carbon trading system framework is basically established，The supporting infrastructure is continuously improved。The Ministry of Ecology and Environment of my country has successively introduced the "Administrative Measures for Carbon Emissions Transaction (Trial)" and the registration of carbon emission rights、Transaction、Settlement Management Rules，From the institutional level, the national carbon market operation at this stage。As an important infrastructure in the national carbon market construction，The national carbon emission right trading system and the national carbon emissions registration registration system have been settled in Shanghai and Wuhan。2，Push high fossil energy cost，Promoting industrial optimization and upgrade。Rise with the price of carbon，Free quota proportion of carbon emissions will become an important factor affecting the cost of carbon emissions，The advantages of clean energy price will also further push high fossil energy costs，Accelerate the fossil energy and electricity market clear。High -load energy industry due to its high energy consumption，You need to bear more carbon emissions costs，The extensive growth model that depends on the expansion of the scale of the low -end industry is unpalatable，This has promoted the transfer of related industries to low energy consumption、High value -added industry，Realized the optimization and upgrade of the industrial structure。third，Innovative carbon financial products，Promoting the high -quality development of the carbon market。Reboning with carbon emission reduction、Re -loan carbon emission reduction support tools, Bet365 lotto review and carbon financial products such as carbon neutralization and debt intensive issuance，Not only promotes "carbon finance" to become a new hot spot in the market，Also through continuous financial product innovation，Accelerate the transition from the high carbon industry to low -carbon or even zero carbon。Fourth，Restart the voluntary carbon market，Improve the carbon market regulation function。my country ’s early CCER market trading volume is small，Project applications irregular，Once closed in 2017 and slowly accepted the filing application。Supplementary mechanisms for the carbon trading market，At present, my country is actively preparing for the project filing and emission reduction issuance of restarting CCER，The national CCER market is expected to start again，To further release the adjustment function of the carbon market，and will become another milestone in the construction of my country's carbon market。

At the same time，my country is deepened by the domestic economic structure，"Triple pressure" continues to appear，National carbon market construction still faces some issues to be solved and perfect。First, the total carbon quota is set to be loose，The price of carbon equipment is low。The total carbon quota of the national carbon market is settled with loose，The number of emission quotas that are initially allocated in some enterprises exceed the actual greenhouse gas emissions requirements，So you do n’t need to complete the performance through secondary market behavior such as “quota transactions”。Loose total amount settings and high quota allocation reduces the pressure of the company's resource and environment，It also caused my country's carbon quota price to be far lower than the EU。The second is a single quota allocation method single，Market rules are not uniform。The current quota method is mainly based on the historical distribution Bet365 lotto review method and industry benchmark line method，Suitable for the initial construction of the carbon market，It is conducive to the fast establishment and played by the market for high -carbon emission enterprises。But the market rules of the historical distribution method and industry benchmark line law are not uniform，There are differences in the identification standards and execution standards of different industries or enterprises。High -carbon emission enterprises have been distributed high emission reduction tasks for a long time，Even if it performs well in energy consumption control and energy conservation and emission reduction，but not the corresponding manifestation in quota distribution，The way of "whipping fast cows" is not conducive to force companies to reduce emission reduction and technological innovation。Third, market transactions are too concentrated，Low market activity in the performance period。Since the market participation subject is a power generation enterprise，Under the same policy conditions，Market transaction is too concentrated，It is easy to cause the "herd effect"。other，At the end of the performance cycle, the settlement system caused the total turnover and market activity of the month of the monthly payment，The transaction volume and transaction amount in other months are significantly insufficient，Low market activity during the performance period。Fourth is the incomplete construction of the regulatory system，Less punishment for illegal enterprises。The national carbon market inspection system and information disclosure mainly rely on third -party institutions，Trading intermediaries and service agencies are unknown，Easy to generate rent -seeking behavior，The relevant supervision system needs to be established and improved。The existing regulatory system has a low punishment for enterprises that have not fulfilled the discharge obligations，As a result, many companies have not yet established internal quality control and carbon emissions regulatory system，Even tampering、false reporting carbon emissions report 违。Five is the limited role of carbon financial products，The degree of finance in the carbon market is not high。Some pilot provinces and cities have launched carbon derivative products and carbon financing tools，But the number of carbon financial products in the country's carbon market is small、Small amount、marketization weak，scale Bet365 app download transactions have not yet been established。Especially the financial attributes of the carbon market have not yet been clear，The legitimacy and regulatory authority of carbon financial products cannot be clear，restricted the activity and scale development of carbon transactions in my country。

"Fourteenth Five -Year Plan" period，my country's carbon market construction will absorb more industries、Department and Enterprise Participation，Promote the gradual integration of the carbon market and local pilot carbon market，Strengthening voluntary emissions reduction linkage mechanism and auction pricing mechanism，marketization、Gradually evolved、Integrated method，Help energy saving and carbon reduction process and low -carbon technology development。Specifically can start from the following aspects，Accelerate my country's carbon market construction pace。

1 is to improve the total carbon market setting and carbon pricing mechanism。Further improve the national carbon market system rules，Adhere to the total amount of carbon emission rights.，Internalized enterprise carbon emissions cost，Improve the enthusiasm and initiative of carbon reduction in enterprises，From the strength reduction to the total vertical emission reduction transition。Improve the carbon pricing mechanism，Explore the establishment of a special carbon emission reduction and environmental protection fund，Focus on high -emission areas、Carbon emission activities of high emission enterprises，Improve the efficiency of the use of relevant project funds。

Second is to distinguish fiscal and taxation policy tools，Building a multi -level carbon financial market。According to the heterogeneity and external differences of the main body of the low -carbon transformation，For different regions、Different subjects adopt differentiated fiscal and tax policy tools。Strong technical ability、Large market potential、Market subjects with high commercial value，Actively give play to the guidance and prying of social capital。With green production、Green Consumption、Green Low -Carbon Technology -related investment and financing demand increases，Encourage bet365 best casino games commercial banks to in the asset business、liability business、intermediary business and internal management processes and risk management and control，Multi -level、Multi -channel、Multi -chain carbon financial product innovation，Greed up the carbon finance market。

Third, appropriate extension of some industrial carbon emissions quotas for free implementation cycle，Research promotes the collection of carbon taxes in the production link。Low profit margin、Some industries with difficult operations，Appropriate extension of carbon emissions quota free implementation cycle，Druting the cost reduction cost，Unblocked price transmission mechanism，Ensuring industrial safety production and sustainable development。At the same time，For electricity、Cement、Steel and other high energy consumption、High emissions industry，Carbon taxes can be considered in the production process，As a beneficial supplement to the existing carbon trading mechanism。

Fourth is to promote the organic combination of new technologies and carbon markets，Improving the level of carbon trading service management。With artificial intelligence、Big Data、Blockchain and other new generation of information technology and new format、New business model，Integrate local carbon trading terminal，Create an integrated carbon market data analysis platform and user transaction terminal，Provide precise carbon trading services。At the same time，Realizing carbon trading commissioner、Carbon Market、Control Enterprise、Unified management of carbon financial market commissioners，Continuously improve the performance and management level of the carbon market。

Five is to promote the co -construction regional carbon trading center，Actively promote the international carbon market cooperation。Timely summarizing and promoting the successful experience of the carbon emission right exchanges of the Guangdong -Hong Kong -Macao Greater Bay Area，With my country's "two horizontal and three vertical" urbanization strategic layout as the starting point，Demper the transaction barriers between the provincial area and the national bet365 Play online games carbon market，Taking the establishment of a national unified carbon market as the goal，Accelerate the co -construction of the regional carbon trading center、Deepen dirt reduction carbon reduction cooperation。Actively promote the cooperation and exchanges between my country's carbon market and the international carbon market，Absorbing the carbon market management system、Advanced experience in the transaction architecture，Accelerate the depth docking of the two at the same time，Gradually enhance my country's influence and right to speak in the international carbon market。

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(Author Unit: Institute of Quantitative Economics and Economics of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences)