The Battle of Fuyi (Mei) was a strategic showdown on the northwest battlefield between the Chinese People's Liberation Army and the remnants bet365 voucher Kuomintang entrenched in the northwest during the Liberation War，Battle "Destroy Hu Zongnan's four armies，Ended Hu Zongnan’s twelve-year rule in the northwest”，It was the First Field Army bet365 voucher Chinese People’s Liberation Army that turned the tide bet365 voucher war in one fell swoop、The key battle to liberate the Northwest，It has a non-negligible role in promoting the process bet365 voucher Liberation War and the establishment of New China。

During the Battle of Fuyi，Facing Hu Zongnan and Qinghai Ma Bufang、Ningxia Ma Hongkui and other reactionary military forces join forces，Under the correct leadership bet365 voucher Central Committee bet365 voucher Communist Party of China，Yiye implements the strategic deployment of "clamping down on horses and suppressing barbarians"，In a "circuitful" way，Surprise attack behind enemy lines，Ended the battle in only 4 days，Not only completely separate Hu、The possibility of horse and military forces joining forces again，Successfully realized the strategic intention of encircling and annihilating the main force bet365 voucher Hu tribe，Also successfully stopped Qing、Ning Erma’s counterattack against the Guanzhong area。"Sun Tzu's Art of War" cloud，“Terrainer，Bing Zhizhiye。Predict the enemy and win，Planning dangers far and near，The way of a general"。In battle，Both parties’ understanding bet365 voucher geographical environment bet365 voucher Guanzhong Plain、Grasp and utilize battlefield terrain，Become the key to influencing strategy formulation and tactical application。Therefore，The author tries to explore the impact of this relationship。

　　Deployment to Annihilate bet365 voucher The Huma alliance is beginning to emerge

The main battlefield bet365 voucher Battle of Fuyi was in Fufeng, Shaanxi Province、Named after Xi County (now Mei County, Baoji City, Shaanxi Province)。FU、Yier County is located in the western part bet365 voucher Guanzhong Plain, Shaanxi，Connecting to Xi'an in the east、Xianyang，Xitong Baoji。May 1949，With the successive defeats of southern Hu Zong in central Shaanxi，The north door of Xi'an is open。After the liberation of Shanxi，Hu Zongnan judged that the North China Army would advance westward to the Guanzhong area sooner or later，Maybe join forces with Ichiye to liberate Xi'an。The Central Military Commission subsequently formulated the operational goal of annihilating southern Hu Zong，Also ordered the 19th Army to move westward from Hubei along the Han River to southern Shaanxi，After planning to capture the Hanzhong area，Block Hubu’s southward exit，And use the Qinling Mountains、The natural blocking effect of Longshan and the force forming an encirclement on the southern part of Hu Zong。To preserve strength，Hu Zongnan gave up and stayed in Xi'an、The decision to wait for an opportunity to flee south to Hanzhong。Baoji’s unique military strategic significance and transportation hub status，Naturally became Hu Zongnan’s best choice for military defense after abandoning Xi’an。

Another strategic purpose of Hu Zongnan giving up holding on to Xi’an，It will be far behind、The Ma Bufang tribe in Qinghai and the Ma Hongkui tribe in Ningxia, which are still powerful, are involved in the front line bet365 voucher northwest war。June 1949，Xi’an、After Xianyang was liberated，Lanzhou、Yinchuan and other places are open，Qingma, who was originally "watching from the sidelines"、Ningma suddenly felt nervous and anxious，Proactively contact Hu Zongnan to form a military alliance，And dispatched more than 100,000 troops from the Xilan Highway into Shaanxi。As Peng Dehuai said，“Before giving up Xi’an，Hu Qiuma；After giving up Xi’an，Ma Qiuhu”。青、Ning Erma arrives，The war situation in the Guanzhong region changed suddenly，The number of Kuomintang troops in Shaanxi has increased to more than 400,000，Our army only has about 150,000 people at this time，Big difference in strength。In addition，Subject to terrain、Supply factors and other reasons，The Nineteenth Army is advancing slowly in southern Shaanxi。The Central Military Commission is taking advantage bet365 voucher situation to slow down its combat plan for the Hanzhong area，And instruct Yiye to suspend the strategic goal of annihilating the Hu tribe，Adequately deal with Hu、New situation of horse-horse joint operations。

　　Everyone seeks to protect himself bet365 voucher unites to create secret rift

青、After Ning Erma entered Shaanxi，This puts a field force that has already advanced westward near Baoji in danger of having its flanks exposed。One side took the initiative to withdraw its main force eastward and shrink。At the same time，The main southern force of Hu Zong who retreated to Baoji advances eastward，Yu Qing、Ning's two horses formed a joint force to attack Xi'an。In response to changes in the battlefield situation，Peng Dehuai thinks，“Hu Jun’s morale is very low，Huma mutual trust difference，Linyou Mountain is naturally divided into Huma connections，The above situation is helpful for me to restrain the bandit，Crack down on horse bandits”。Under the instructions bet365 voucher Central Military Commission，Combined with Mao Zedong’s combat suggestions，Ichino uses Jing、The favorable terrain bet365 voucher Wei-Jian Triangle developed the strategy of “stopping barbarians and defeating horses”。

Combined Jing、The blocking effect bet365 voucher Weihe River，While deploying to defend the southern part of Hu Zong，Intentional placement bet365 voucher main force south bet365 voucher Wei River、Area north of Jinghe River，Voluntarily give up Jing、Defense in the Weijian Triangle，To lure the enemy deeper、Tactical arrangements for counterattack and siege，Prepare to treat Qing who comes from afar、Ning Erma starts fighting。At this time，The Central Military Commission noted possible problems with the strategy of “stopping barbarians and defeating horses”，"Please pay full attention to the fact that the horse bandits are using our army to separate Jingwei and Jingwei"，Weak in the middle，Take a breakthrough in the middle to enter Xi'an，The possibility of making it impossible for us to contact each other”。To offset this concern，The vanguard bet365 voucher 18th Corps arrived in Xianyang first，Victory in the Battle of Xianyang，A powerful blow to Qing Ma’s arrogance。After the failure in capturing Xianyang，The Qingma Department blamed the failure on the Hu Department’s lack of cooperation and self-protection，And quickly retreated to the Yongshou area，The Hu tribe was also forced to stop its offensive posture against Xi'an，Transfer to defensive posture，Huma military alliance secretly creates suspicion。

　　Rely on bet365 voucher Huma’s “pocket” tactics

After Huma’s joint attempt to retake Xi’an was shattered，Based on the terrain environment bet365 voucher Guanzhong Plain, southern Hu Zong formulated the "pocket" tactic of "retreating to advance"。The Guanzhong Plain is a long and narrow river valley plain from east to west，A sunken graben structure。Baoji is located in the western part bet365 voucher Guanzhong Plain，To the south are the towering Qinling Mountains，Longshan Mountains to the west，To the north are the Weibei Platform and Qianshan Mountain、Qishan and other Beishan mountain systems，Form North、西、Surrounded by mountains on three sides in the south，The “concave”-shaped “bag”-like structure that is open on the east side。Combined with "bag" terrain，Hu Zongnan formulated the "pocket" tactic，"Hu Zongnan served as Wugong to the west、The defense bet365 voucher pocket areas on both sides bet365 voucher Wei River"，Once the People's Liberation Army attacks the south of Hu Zong to the west，The main force in the south of Hu Zong retreated to the west bank of Qianhe River (now Qianhe River in Baoji City, Shaanxi Province)，Ma Jiajun moved south from Linyou in the north，United with the troops stationed by the Hu tribe at the entrance bet365 voucher Qinling Mountains，"Encircle the deep-rooted Communist forces in the pocket area and annihilate them"。

Under the guidance of this tactical thought，Hu Department deployed the main force on both sides bet365 voucher Wei River，Determine the north bank bet365 voucher Weihe River, which is close to the Xilan Highway and passed by the Longhai Railway, as a key area for defense，Deploy three armies，East to Wugong Qishui River，West to Fufeng Yidian、Luo Ju、Meixian Station Line，Form a defense depth of about 50 kilometers from east to west。After Qishuihe became the front line of Hu’s defense，The natural valley terrain made the Kuomintang officers once optimistic about their own defense capabilities。Li Zhenxi, commander bet365 voucher 38th Army bet365 voucher 18th Corps in the southern part of Hu Zong at that time, recalled: The Qishui River "valley is not too deep"，But except for roads on both sides bet365 voucher Taiwan Strait，Multiple cliffs，especially martial arts northwest Tiandu、The area around the store，Complex terrain，The movement of large forces，Extremely difficult”，"We did think this was an ideal position，So everyone is relieved”。Hu Zong’s southern officers are blindly optimistic about the war situation，It ignores the possibility that the main force will be gathered and annihilated。

With the arrival bet365 voucher reinforcements bet365 voucher 19th Corps，The Central Military Commission believes that the opportunity is ripe to annihilate the southern part of Hu Zong，Call Yiye to change the strategic plan from "stopping barbarians and defeating horses" to "clamping horses and defeating barbarians"。Under in-depth analysis、After repeatedly weighing the situation between ourselves and the enemy on the battlefield，One side judged that “the Hu bandits have no intention of giving up Baoji yet”，And there is temptation for my main force to attack，The horse bandits took the opportunity to counterattack，Hit my side to symbolize”，Officially issued a combat order to annihilate southern Hu Zong on July 1st，Formally establish the strategic goal of “clamping down on horses and defeating barbarians”。

　　Interspersed with "pockets" The bet365 voucher are divided into three groups to "clamp the horses and defeat the barbarians"

Relying on "pocket" tactics and the favorable terrain bet365 voucher Qishui River Valley，Hu、The horse and horse formed a pre-war situation in which they were horns with each other，Although it seems stable，But because of Hu、Both horse and horse want to preserve their strength，Unwilling to fight with the People's Liberation Army，So concentrate more troops on your side，Causing a relatively wide open area between the defense zones of both sides。According to pre-war deployment，“The battle area between Huma and Huma is the watershed line of Linyou Nanshan，Online belongs to Ma Jiajun”。Li Shaobai, chief of staff bet365 voucher 190th Division bet365 voucher 82nd Army under Ma Bufang’s department, recalled: “Hu Zongnan and Ma Jiyuan each had their own agendas，On the surface it’s mutual aid，Coordinated operations，In fact, they are all thinking about personal safety，Concentrate forces around yourself，ERHU、The Linyou Mountain area with complex terrain in the middle of Mafangdi，No one will occupy it。”At the same time，Hu’s overconfidence in geographical knowledge and defense capabilities，As a result, superior officers generally believe that the PLA’s main attack direction should be along the Weihe River beach。In this situation，Yiye actively implements the Central Military Commission's strategic deployment of "clamping down on horses and suppressing barbarians"，The troops are divided into three routes: the South Road is dominated by the First Corps，Responsible for the attack mission on the south bank bet365 voucher Wei River，And contain the Hu troops in the direction of Qinling；The North Road is dominated by the 19th Corps，Responsible for containing Qing、Ning Erma's strength；The 2nd Corps in the middle、Mainly the 18th Corps，Among them，The 2nd Corps is responsible for penetrating to the Luoju area behind the enemy's defense area，Cut off the enemy’s retreat，The 18th Corps is responsible for the main frontal attack along the north bank bet365 voucher Wei River。In this strategic deployment，The choice of blocking position is one bet365 voucher key factors affecting success or failure。Luoju is located on the "convex" shaped terrain that protrudes southward from the plateau，Condescending from three sides，The Wei River Valley directly below it happens to be the location of Mei County Railway Station。Liu Maogong, the commander bet365 voucher 10th Division who was responsible for the insertion mission at the time, recalled: “This area is adjacent to the plateau in the north、South of Weishui River，More than 1,200 meters wide，It is the throat section from Xi'an to Baoji。”

Evening of July 11th，The troops responsible for the insertion mission overcome the difficulties bet365 voucher Weibei Taiyuan terrain，Cong Hu、The horse traveled more than 150 miles overnight in the gap in the defense zone，Enter the Luoju area in the early morning bet365 voucher next day，Use the advantage bet365 voucher commanding heights bet365 voucher Taiwan plateau，Quickly blockade and occupy Xixian Railway Station。After Hu Zongnan discovered an attempt to insert troops，Immediately change the eastward defense to the westward breakout，But under the tight defense of interspersed troops，The southern part of Hu Zong never broke through the PLA defense line。The afternoon of July 12th，The general offensive of Fuyi Battle is launched，The main force bet365 voucher Hu tribe was quickly surrounded and attacked by various tribes。The then Hu Zongnan、Li Zhen, commander bet365 voucher 18th Corps and commander bet365 voucher 65th Army, recalled in "The Story bet365 voucher Disastrous Defeat bet365 voucher Fuyi Battle bet365 voucher 18th Corps": "I once considered fighting eastward and northward，Beyond the PLA’s expectations，Possibly breaking through the siege，But act later，More difficulties；I want to allocate troops and reorganize the commando team，Continue to fight hard to the west，But at that time, all aspects were in a stalemate，No troops to draw；Finally decided to cross the Wei River south。"Soon the remnants of Hu Zongnan's attempt to cross the river was noticed by a field force occupying the commanding heights，The troops responsible for the blocking task quickly gathered firepower to block the Weihe River，Unable to organize a crossing, the remnants of Hu Zongnan could only cross the Wei River。Because there has just been rainfall in Guanzhong area，The water in the Wei River is extremely fierce，Many people drowned，The remaining soldiers blocked on the north bank were all annihilated and captured，Part of Hu Zongnan’s remaining troops who successfully crossed the river were quickly annihilated by the First Corps responsible for the attack on the south bank。To the 14th，After the main force of Yiye completed the liberation of Baoji，Capitalize the victory and advance westward to eliminate the remaining enemies，The remaining troops of Hu Zongnan withdrew to the south bet365 voucher Qinling Mountains，青、Ning Erma saw that the main force bet365 voucher Hu tribe was surrounded and annihilated，Then they withdrew to Pingliang, Gansu，The Battle of Fuyi has been won。

In summary，On the eve bet365 voucher Battle of Fuyi，Hu Zongnan wanted to avoid the fate bet365 voucher main force being annihilated，Take and abandon Xi'an、The strategic decision to retreat to Baoji，Forcing Green、Ning Erma joins the northwest battlefield，forming Hu、horse military alliance，Behind this is the objective restriction of Guanzhong’s geographical transportation pattern。Afterwards，Hu Zongnan also based on the bag-shaped terrain in the western part of Guanzhong，Develop “pocket tactics”，Luring the enemy deeper、Outflank, gather and annihilate as an overall strategy，And defend the Qishui River Valley for solid defense。At the same time，Ichino actively combines the situation on the battlefield，In the process of converting from "stopping barbarians and beating horses" to "clamping horses and beating barbarians"，Make clever use bet365 voucher Guanzhong Plain and Mountains、River、Taiwan plateau and other terrain patterns，Especially with the help of steep terrain，To intersperse the situation、Method of detouring behind enemy lines，Successfully achieved the goal of encircling and annihilating Hu Zong’s main force in the south。It can be seen from this，The geographical factors bet365 voucher Guanzhong Plain have been carefully and fully utilized in the strategic deployment and tactical application of both sides，It’s just because bet365 voucher superior commanding skills of our party and our army’s leaders，Eventually became a key factor affecting the battle。

　　(This article is a phased result bet365 voucher Shaanxi Provincial Department of Education Key Scientific Research Program (Think Tank Project) "Research on the Administrative Division Changes and Development of Modern Guanzhong Region from the Perspective of Urbanization" (20JT037))

(Author’s unit: bet365 voucher University of Architecture and Technology)