1227，The Xixia Kingdom, which is nearly two hundred years in the eastern section of the Silk Road, was destroyed by Mongolia，The national flow of the party, including the party, scattered all places，The West Xia text, which was widely used, was gradually forgotten。Starting from the end of the 19th century，Xi Xia cultural relics that have been sleeping for hundreds of years have been reproduced in the world one after another，The most important event during this period was the excavation of the ancient tower of Heishui City in 1909。This archeology obtains silk painting、Nearly 10,000 pieces of clay sculpture and books，Now Tibetan Russia National Elmitash Museum and the Eastern Literature Research Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences。There is a clear evidence about the closed age of the ancient tower -in a silk painting in the tower，Draw a copper coin on the right palm of the Buddha，The words that can be recognized are "Tianyuan Tong [Bao]"。"Tianyuan" (1379-1388) is the year number of the last ruler of the Yuan Dynasty，It makes people believe that the closure of the ancient tower is not as early as the late Yuan and early Ming。This reminder people，Some cultural relics in the tower are late than previously expected，That is。According to the research of Russian scholars，The silk paintings in the tower are mostly works in the Yuan Dynasty，It can be recognized as one of the few works of Xixia。But，The opposite fact is，The largest exist in the tower is the West Xiawen Book，The latest time question department is only the first year before Xixia's death，From the end of the end of the Yuan Dynasty, the blank of more than one and a half centuries。As a result, the question that people naturally generate is，After entering the Yuan Dynasty，Does the residents of Heishui City suddenly become painted without writing? Or，West Xia Kingdom no longer exists，Is the party tribe under the Yuan Dynasty still used Xixiawen?

The ground cultural relics seen at that time，It has shown a fact，that is until the end of the Yuan Dynasty，Someone is still familiar with Xixia’s language，and can write short articles in Xixia characters。The most famous evidence of this is the "hexagonal stone carvings" in the Yongguan Taiyin coupon in Beijing，Then there is an article on the "Merit of Tower Creation" written in Xixiawen，Time in the first five years of Yuan to Zheng (1345)bet365 Play online games ，At this time, a century has passed for more than a century.。Further answers appeared half a century ago -people got two clear evidence，That is, the "Gao Wang Guanyin Sutra" of the Palace Museum today，and the Xixiawen "Buddha Top Shengtharani" Sutra of the West Xiawen in Baoding Lianchi Park, Hebei，These two cultural relics have the Ming Dynasty Time Title Department，Five years of Xuande (1430) and the fifteenth year of Hongzhi (1502)。"Minghui Dian" Volume 141 There is a "Mongolian -Eyes Marriage"，Among them: "Fan Mongolian color person，Listen to marriage with Chinese people，Do you want to have two phases wishes。Do not marry and marry this category。"" This regulation was promulgated in less than ten years after the establishment of Baoding Jingzhu，The purpose is to enforce the intermarriage between people and Han people including the party.。You can imagine it，Acts for prohibiting ethnic minorities from marrying in the ethnic group will be implemented in the Central Plains，It will quickly blend the party culture with Han culture，Therefore, it may be regarded as the time limit for the time of Xixia's text application。This means，Until the Ming Dynasty, there were still people who could use Xixiawen。

But，The discovery of short stories can only prove that there is still a memory of the language of Xixia at that time，It cannot be regarded as the final solution of the problem。At that time, the Xixia Royal Family organized a large -scale Buddhist scripture translation activity，The vast majority of the unearthed literature is the translation of Xixia literature of Buddhist works，The same kind of Buddhist scriptures will even be repeatedly copied multiple times。This makes people believe that the enthusiasm of the Xixia people can almost compare with Tibet，The party in the Xixia era also had great demand for the Buddhist scriptures。So the problem that follows is，After the death of Xixia，Does anyone use Xixiawen to translate Buddhist works in the printed department? Or，The Buddhist scriptures of Xixiawen are still spread among party programs?

I already knew it before，After the death of Xixia，There are some monks of the party to enter the Mainland from Helan Mountain，Go to Hangzhou，Self -called "Bai Yunzong" Christian。Starting from 1270，The two generations have spent 40 years of work and publishing two sets of Tibetan scriptures，That is the Chinese "Puning Tibet" and the "He Tibet" of Xixiawen，History of Chinese Buddhist literature also entered the "Hou Xi Xia Period"。The National bet365 best casino games Library of China is collected by a Yuanzhu Xixia translation "The Dignity of the Thousand Buddhas in the past" from Ningxia Lingwu，Tail Tail has a wishing article in the first year of Huangqing (1312)，Among them, the editing process of "He Tibet" is described in detail，It indicates that the editing and publishing "He Tibet" has been supported by the Yuan Dynasty.。Special worth noting is，Among them, the specific work of organizing the Xixiawen Buddhist scriptures is "the school has no translation"，That is the existing translation，and supplement the translation of the works that have not been translated before and have lost translations。This looks like，The monk of the Yuan Dynasty once translated the entire Buddhist works of Xixiawen，This is an unquestionable fact。Despite this，3580_3603，Therefore, some scholars have always believed that there are no Xi Xiawen works in the Yuan Dynasty at home and abroad.，This view has caused a certain degree of misunderstandings in the Buddhist historian world。

Very obvious，To eliminate this misunderstanding，The most effective way is to discover the entire work of the Yuan Dynasty translation from the Xixia Cultural and Buddhist scriptures in Khan Niu Chongzong，So as to provide actual samples for "the school has no translation"。To this end, it is worth recommending a scientific research topic under the Institute of Ethnicology and Anthropology of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences- "The Construction of Ethnic Linguistics and Linguistics Disciplines based on the inheritance of ancient Chinese ethnic ancient texts"，One of the tasks of this topic is to find and identify the translation of Xixia Wen Buddhist writings of the "Hou Xixia Period"。

The most accurate evidence found by the research team comes from a Buddhist scriptures collected by Tianli University in Japan。Nishida Longxiong (1928-2012) studied this little book in the middle of the 20th century，Correctly identified its main part is the "Wuliang Shouzong Entry Sutra" translated from Tibetan，But ignored the "Out of the Bad Shouzhi Lian Hua Cangs" and the translation title。"Lian Hua Zhang Zhang Praise" consists of the beginning of the small preface and 52 sentences，Below is a small -order Chinese translation:

　　"Praise in the Mastery of Shouzhi Lian Hua Hua"。This one，Truthfully declare Buddha words，Emperor Basba Emperor's Collection，Wanwu Lou Su Su Month on the 8th。

The translation of the translation of the tail of the curl is as follows:

　　Master of Bhikkhu in the translator of the translator in Ganzhou, Ganzhou.

Zen Ding Temple Fatang Bet365 app download Master Master Zhengde indoor.

　　On the fifteenth day of the year of the Guisi year, the translation of the main party's treasure building is translated.

You can know from a small order and title，This work was created by the first emperor Basba (1235-1280) in the Yuan Dynasty (1235-1280) in Wuwu (1258)，and attached to the back of the Tibetan calendar on September 8th, the back of the "Infinite Shouzong Sutra"。Guisi Year after the death of Basba (1293)，It initiated by a monk from Zhangye organized a translation team to translate it into Xixiawen。The surname of the members of the group "Xingyu", "讹", and "Party" shows that they are all party，The chief translator used "Baozhu Jixian" as a legal name to declare his Tibetan missionary，This name is restored to Tibetan.，But people have not been able to find his life information in Tibetan historical materials so far。The research team further pointed out，This "Lian Hua Zhang Zhang Praise" by Emperor Basba was originally an independent work，Tibetan original topicBCOM LDAN ’DAS TSHE DANG Ye SHES DPAG TU Med Pa La BSTOD PA’I TSHIG PADMO’I Phreng Ba ZHES BYA BA’ DI Ni，Store in "Sakya Five Ancestral Works" together with the order，This book collected in Japan is the merger of the "Infinite Shouzong Sutra"。

Another key evidence noticed by the research team appeared in the cultural relic market in Beijing in 2015，Original is a private collection。This is a basically complete handwriting long roll，Volumes "Xing Kong now evidence Ruyibao Volume"，The tail title "Xilindang is currently set to the roll"，The word "A Di" in the transliterated Tibetan "A Di" is attached below，Then there is a line of translation questions on the left- "Detailed Determination of Yixi Huizheng and Tibetan School"。This scripture is also translated from Tibetan text taught by Basba，Tibetan original topicDPAL KYE RDO RJE’I MNGON RTOGS YID BZHIN NOR Bu Zhes Bya Ba'，The full text is also preserved in "The Complete Works of the Five Ancestors of Sakya"，And another Tibetan question is also provided with a key information at the tail of the tail:

　　DPAL KYE RDO RJE'I MNGON PAR RTOGS PA YID BZHIN GYI NOR Bu Zhes Bya Ba 'Di / Sa Pho RTA'I LO DBYU Gu'I ZLA BA LA La / Rgyal PE LA'I Pho BRANG en por sbyar ba'O //

can be translated as follows:

　　This "Xingang Diamond Certificate Ruyibao" is the main hall of Khan King Kubili, the king of Khan Kuilie in the Yangtze Roman year。

Tibetan calendar "Yangt and Tu Nian" is equivalent to 1258，That is the same year of Basba to complete the "Lianhua Zhangzhang"。Even if Xixia translation does not record the time Bet365 app download of translation，It seems that it may be estimated to be completed around 1293。If anyone suspects the nature of the writing volume because it is a private collection，That must be a delusion that has nothing to do with academic research。

The above two works are translated from Tibetan，All from the area along the Silk Road。This inspiring people rethink the Xixia Special Collection of the Eastern Literature Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences -since there is a large number of silk paintings in the tower，It seems that there should also be the Xi Xiawen book of the same age，But there is no clear time question department above，People have not been able to identify them。

Xixia scholar Keping (ксения. кепинг，1937-2002) I first tried to give a positive answer to this many years ago。What she noticed is a hand -copied Xixia Wenshi Collection，Among them, a poem describes the horror scene brought by the war，A rare word appears in it。She interpreted that word as "Blacksmith"，It is considered to be a free translation of Genghis Khan's name "Tiemuzhen"，So judged that the whole poem was the retrospective of Mongolia after the death of Xixia。False concern，Her research on that Xixia Ci is far -fetched，So I failed to get support from Xixia academic circles。

The further identification made by the Institute of Ethnicology and Anthropology of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences is worth paying attention to。The first thing that the research group noticed was a complete engraving book from Russia，The translation of the title of the title "Positive Collection"，The purpose of writing is to preach the Chinese -style moral preaching to the believers by the name of Buddhism。This book was originally included in the translated Chinese.，Pass in Book 71，The author is the ancestor of Buddhism Bai Yunzong Qingjue (1043-1121)。Qingjue's surname Kong，In the eighth year of Song Yuanyou (1093), in Hangzhou's independent sect，However, it did not have a great impact at that time。I didn’t know what caused it later，The party monks who went south to Hangzhou in the Yuan Dynasty picked up Bai Yunzong's mantle，And with the support of the Yuan Dynasty, it became the general manager of the local Buddhist affairs，Soon the power of this denomination is extremely prosperous。Approved by the emperor，They can publish their ancestor Qingjue's "Receiving Collection" into Puning，This book is not passed on by the books that are from India and are not valued by the world。From this, I want to come，The Xixia translation of the "Collection" hidden by Russia is likely to be produced in Hangzhou, bet365 live casino games which is edited and published "Puningzang"，Although the time of translation is not stated on this engraving。

Similar to Russian collection "Three Generations Photo Collection" engraving，This is the poem compilation of the three generations of Bai Yunzong ancestors below the self -consciousness。The end of the book is a wishing article，The person who is called "Hui Zhao"，It should be the "Master Bai Yunzong Master Huizhao"，Time is naturally around the 1980s of the carving "Puning Tank"。Another thing to note is that in the end I wish "Today the Emperor holds the Buddha's position"，"The Emperor Today" is a typical word for the premier "He Tibet" volume of the Yuanzhu "Hei Tibet"，Posted by the Xixia Times only called the "Emperor" at most and the habit of Zun No.。So say，Although I haven't seen the corresponding Chinese, the original，But you can imagine that this book was translated into Xixiawen after the work of the party monks of the Yuan Dynasty collected and compiled his ancestor.。

Following the clues of the "Three Generations" can be identified as another "Three Views and Nine Men's Key"。The content of this book is to explain the meaning of the "three views" described by the Tang Dynasty Zongmi，A song "Daogong Song" and a song "Eponetic Song" made by Baiyun Shiko。Soronon (кирилл ю. солонин) Recently pointed out，These two works are the same as the "Baiyun Shi Dao Dao Palace" and "Master Bai Yun's Ge Ge" collected by the "Three Generations Acting Collection"，It is only due to the different translator's hands due to different translator。Research team judged from this，"Three Views and Nine Men's Key" should also be the translation of the Yuan Dynasty。Although I have not seen the corresponding Chinese, I have not seen it so far，But "Bai Yun Shizi" and "Master Bai Yun" refer to Bai Yunzong's ancestor Qingjue，This is no doubt。

Of course，It can be estimated that the works that are translated in the Yuan Dynasty are more than this，But the above five translations proposed by the research team are enough to prove that the West Xia Chinese still has a strong vitality in the Yuan Dynasty。These five books or translate from Tibetan，or translated from Hanwen，About the work of the "He Tibet" period in the end of the 13th century，Among them, there are three types of engraving in this form，further proved that Xixia Books still had a fixed reader group at that time。

As a common sense of history，A nation -unique language and words will not be immediately abandoned with the demise of the regime。Well knows，The Khitan character created by the Liao Dynasty has bet365 Play online games been used in the middle of the Jin Dynasty，The female true characters created by the Golden Dynasty have been used in the early Ming Dynasty，The "Qing Zi" created by the Qing dynasty is still used by the Xibo people in Xinjiang today to record their language。From this, I want to come，Xi Xia characters have not been abandoned immediately with the annihilation of the West Xia Kingdom，This is not a novelty，But this kind of text has been applied for nearly 300 years later，The time is longer than people's expected，The vitality of the "Hou Xixia period" in the Yuan Dynasty Buddhism is also the "Hou Xixia period".。The reason for this may be attributed to the cultural inclusive attitude of the Yuan Dynasty。After the unified empire was officially established，The rulers of the Yuan Dynasty implemented relatively loose policies for all ethnic groups，This ensures that the domestic situation is stable and proclaimed the respect for different ethnic groups，Inheritance and development of the culture of various ethnic groups。In this environment，Only Han、Mongolia、Back、The literature of words such as Xixia and other characters in the large output of the Yuan Dynasty，This shows the colorful cultural reserves and compatibility and compatibility of the Chinese nation。

(Author Unit: School of Literature, Sichuan Normal University)