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Since the founding of New China，my country's various undertakings have achieved leap development，The education of the disabled has also achieved remarkable historic achievements under the party's leadership，This is the 70 -year -old transition from old Chinese social relief to New China.，It has written an important chapter for the protection of the rights and interests of the disabled in my country for thousands of years。

　　1949-1978: Pioneering and developing Chinese disabled education cause

Before the founding of New China，Nation's blind school、There are only 42 institutions at deaf schools and blind deaf dumb schools，and mostly founded by church or privately，There are only more than 2,000 students in the school，The foundation of its development is very weak。After the founding of New China，The development of the education of the disabled people is included in the national development plan，From policy、Finance and other aspects support，Promoting the development of the education of the disabled。

The 2050s，The state began to receive and transform the original blind and deaf school。until the end of the 1950s，Blind deaf and dumb schools are basically changed to public。Because the disabled education cause before the founding of New China is essentially social relief，During the transformation process，Some education units were changed to public social welfare undertakings，Therefore, the education nature of the school has never been clear，The civil affairs department and the education department also have problems with unclear boundaries in school management。For this situation，The Government Council conducted a clear division of labor in 1954，Separate the blind deaf and dumb school with the welfare home，This means clarifying the nature of the education of blind deaf and dumb school。Where，The "Decision on the Reform Academic System" issued by the Government Affairs Office in 1951 proposed that "the people's governments at all levels should establish deaf and dumb、Blind and other special schools，Children with defects in physiological、Education of youth and adults "。This marks that the education of the disabled is officially included in the national education cause，and become a milestone event。After a period of adjustment and development，until 1960，Blind Deaf School reached 476，The number of students in school has also surged to more than 26,700 people，full -time teacher 2587。At the same time，In order to further promote the development of blind and deaf and dumb school，In 1957, the Ministry of Education released the "run a good child school、A few instructions of the Deaf School "，、Teaching and other aspects of standards，Strive to guide blind and deaf schools to develop to a new socialist school。Under the leadership of the party，Only ten years，Realized the leap -up development of the education bet365 Play online games of the disabled，Make bet365 best casino games More and more disabled students enter the school for education，Lay a solid foundation for the development of the education of the disabled in the future。

Although the education of the disabled during this period has achieved significant achievements，But due to economic conditions and other factors，The lack of teachers and the high professional quality appeared, so that the quality of education is not high，School buildings generally exist in safety hazards and other problems。The country adjusts the blind and deaf school again，Stop schools that do not have the conditions for running schools，and take multi -channel training、Training Teacher，Greed up the source of funds。until 1965，The number of blind deaf dumb schools adjust to 266，The number of students in the school reaches more than 22,900 people，full -time teacher 2613。1975，my country signed the Convention on the Rights of the Disabled Persons，It indicates that the recognition of equal human rights for the disabled，It also helped the development of the education of the disabled in China。In the same year，Number of blind deaf dumb schools decrease to 246，More than 26,800 people in the school，full -time teachers 3445，Show a certain recovery growth trend。After 1976，Reconstruction and recovery of various undertakings，The state has also set up special institutions and personnel to manage the bet365 live casino games education of disabled people。

Generally speaking，At this stage, the education of the disabled people in my country has gone through buds and cold winter，It is expressed as twists and turns，Although there are certain problems without solving，But the achievement is huge。For example，Incorporate the education of the disabled into the national education system，Actively build a blind deaf and mute school，Training and training teachers。A variety of measures promote the change of the education of the disabled in my country from scratch，highlight the protection of the party and the country's rights and interests of the disabled。

　　1979-2011: Constructive Development of Chinese Disabled Education

This period，my country's disabled people ’s education has been conducting systematic construction，Involved in teachers、Course、Finance、Regulations and other aspects。Recovery through order、Active exploration and extension adjustment，Promoting the enrichment and improvement of the structure of the disabled people，to release new development momentum，Promoting the continuous and rapid development of the education of the disabled。Where，In the early stage of the pursuit of scale to the later period, it was obviously transformed into a fair consideration，increasingly highlighting the tendency of the humanistic care of the party and the state。

In the early stage of reform and opening up，Using legal compulsory and guiding role as the starting point to promote "education order recovery" becomes the focus of the education of the disabled。The Constitution of the People's Republic of China revised in 1982 stipulates that "national and society helps to arrange blindness、Deaf、Dumb and other disabled citizens' labor、Life and Education "。Write the bet365 live casino games education of disabled people in the fundamental Dafa of the country，It was rare in the world at that time。The "Compulsory Education Law of the People's Republic of China" promulgated in 1986 clearly stipulates that "the local people's governments at all levels are blind、Children with deaf and mentally retarded、Children's Special Education School (Class) "。This provision further guarantees the right to educate students for disabled students，and broaden the scope of educational target groups from the height of the law，that is from the original blind、Deaf and dumb develops into three categories containing mentally retarded。These two key laws not only strongly promote the recovery and reconstruction of the education order of the disabled，It also affected the formulation of the Later "Disabled Persons Guarantee Law" and "Regulations on Education of Disabled Persons"，In the context of the popularization of compulsory education, it has driven the development of the education of disabled people into the golden period。

The 1980s，Under the plan to achieve the general goal of popularizing compulsory education，The party and the country have created the construction model of Chinese characteristics for the education of the disabled。The most representative is the proposal of "study with class"。Let the disabled students enter ordinary schools for education，Breakthrough for a single resettlement mode represented by special education schools in the past，In the "Interim Provisions on the Basic Requirements for Popularization of Primary Education in 1983" issued in 1983, "Reading with Class"。The "Golden Key Blind Children's Education Plan", which was promoted by Xu Bailun in 1987, is a large -scale practical study of a large -scale class.。1989-1994，Blind my country in many provinces and cities、Deaf、Tests of three types of children with mentally handicapped children，in Shandong、Jiangsu and Heilongjiang held children with intellectual disabled children to go with work、Hearing Disabled Children with Disabled Pedestries and Visual Disabled Children Participation Work Experiences at the scene。At the same time，International Educational Declaration of Education in the International Internationally Education Integrity Integrity and other documents such as the "National Education Declaration" and "Salamanca Declaration"，Provides the theoretical basis for the promotion of school in my country。The Regulations on bet365 live casino games education of disabled Persons released in the State Council，and the "Trial Measures on Carrying out the Working Work of Children and Children with Disabled Children" issued by the former State Education Commission all again affirmation of attending class，and try to promote it nationwide。"Reading with class as the main body、The development pattern of the education of disabled people with special education schools and special classes is also established，and affect this to this day。Education resettlement changes，Education of the disabled has also undergone profound changes，bet365 best casino games More and more disabled students can enter the campus，and break through the three traditional disability categories，If you add physical disability、Emotional disorders、Autism，The scope of the education target group of the disabled is further expanded。Changes in practical forms often originate from profound changes in ideas，Disabled students can enter ordinary schools for education，Behind it is the re -scientific understanding of "disability"，Refuse equality、Fair、Acceptance concept，Its orientation is more oriented to potential development and integration into society。1986，The total number of students with disabled students is more than 42,700，In 1995, more than 295,600 people，As of 2011, as high as more than 398,700 people。

As bet365 best casino games More and more disabled students enter the campus for compulsory education，Teachers、Finance、School buildings、Scholars and other issues become more and more prominent。The development of the country for the education of the disabled，In 1985，Nanjing Special Education Teachers School faces national enrollment，This is the first secondary normal school that specializes in training the disabled education teachers in my country。In the same year，Shandong Changle Special Education Normal School、Liaoning Yingkou Special Education Normal School, etc., and other secondary normal schools that are enrolled in the province have been established，Medical Second Department of Medicine, established by Binzhou Medical College of Shandong, began to recruit students with disabilities of limbs。，Beijing Normal University recruited the first full -time special education major undergraduate in 1986，After Changchun University、East China Normal University and other universities also recruit disabled students or start special education major8。2000，East China Normal University began to recruit doctoral students，This is the key node in the history of the development of higher education in my country，It is a manifestation of China's educational talents in my country that can independently cultivate high -level disabled people。In short，cooperate with schools at all levels，Promoting the development of higher education of the disabled，Not only cultivates a large number of disabled people with education teachers and backbones，Also allows a large number of disabled people to become talents。until the 1990s，Deaf ordinary high schools established in Nanjing and Qingdao、Blind ordinary high school，Make up the vacancy of the high school section。At the same time，Financial support construction is also developed，The country adopts the amount of appropriation、Establish special funds and improve teacher allowances，It provides a solid guarantee for the development of the education of the disabled。In order to improve the quality of education at the same time，The Ministry of Education launched the work of the support system experimental county in 2003，Try to improve the quality of accompanying by supporting the construction of the guarantee system。Resource Classroom、Resource Center is considered an important means to improve quality，Get strongly developed，After a certain scale Bet365 app download benefits are obtained in the education of the disabled，Development orientation to quality construction，Taking multiple measures with multiple measures，strongly promoted the healthy and long -term development of the education of the disabled。

The 17th National Congress of the bet365 Play online games Communist Party of China proposed "Caring for Special Education" for the first time。The state has issued the "Opinions on Further Promoting the Reform and Development of Special Education during the" Fifteenth Five -Year Plan "period," The Construction Plan for Special Education Schools in the Central and Western Regions during the "Eleventh Five -Year Plan" period (2008-2010)，Try to tilt through resources to alleviate the tension of supply and demand for the education resources of disabled people in the central and western regions，Further promotion development，Reduce the development gap with the east，The goal of finally achieving balanced development。​​In order to avoid disabled students who are out of school due to poverty，The party and the country have implemented inclusive compulsory education on the basis of the "two exemptions and one supplement" policy，Comprehensive implementation of free compulsory education，strive to benefit every disabled student，It is an important measure for national protection and improvement of people's livelihood and promoting social fairness and justice。until 2011，The average level of compulsory education for disabled students in the country is 72.1%，Town this ratio is 74.5%，The rural areas are 71.5%，The gap between urban and rural areas has a significant reduction，Rural disabled students' enrollment rate has increased significantly。

Development of this period，Make more and more students from different disabled categories can receive school education，Even entering ordinary primary and secondary schools and even university campuses，Work hard to achieve your own life value。At the same time，The tolerance of ordinary schools and society is also getting higher and higher，Under the protection of multiple laws and regulations，Teachers、funding、Course and other constructions in an orderly manner，Education system for the disabled can be rebuilt，Education of the disabled transitions to good change。Where，Paper with Chinese characteristics is considered an important symbol of this period，strongly promoted the popularity of compulsory education，Help more disabled students from family to school、From school to society。

　2012-2019: Transformation Upgrade China's Disabled Persons Education

Since the 18th National Congress of the bet365 Play online games Communist Party of China，The education of the disabled people in my country has also entered a new historical journey，It is clearly proposed to transform to integrate education，Pursue "fair and quality" education。At the same time，Under the comprehensive influence of "comprehensively building a well -off society", "educational modernization", "equal human rights communication"，Education of the disabled more highlights the characteristics of social rights protection。The report of the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China proposed "Support Special Education"，The report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China further proposed to "do a good special education"，The important goal of this high -quality development puts forward higher requirements for the transformation of the bet365 live casino games education of disabled。Taking the integration education development model as the main line of development，Education of the disabled once again ushered in important development opportunities。

The establishment of the turn of education policy is an important turning point for the development of the education of the disabled in my country。Ministry of Education and other seven departments released the "Special Education Promotion Plan (2014-2016)" in 2014，For the first time in policy documents, it clearly proposes "Comprehensive Promoting Quanna Education"。The State Council once again confirmed "Promoting Integration Education" in the "Education Regulations of the Disabled Persons" revised in 2017。Promote the integration education to a new height，and actively meet with the development of the education of the disabled，my country's disabled people's education business has also been deeply changed from related policies to service system。Especially in the process of transition to integrate education，Teachers have become an important factor，"Opinions on Strengthening the Construction of Special Education Teachers Teachers' Team Construction in 2012" released in 2012 first proposed "Exploring and Establishing a Special Education Teacher's Professional Certificate System"，I have put forward new requirements for teachers' professional skills。The "Regulations on the bet365 live casino games education of disabled Persons" revised in 2017 also made two qualifications for teachers who specializes in the education of disabled。Various measures show the trend of the professionalization of teachers，The improvement of the level of teachers will definitely have a positive impact on the quality of education。until 2018，The number of full -time teachers of special education schools reached more than 58,600，Where，Graduate graduate is 1428 people，Undergraduate graduated 39809 people，Specialty graduated from 16418 people，Graduated from high school is 987 people，Graduation below the high school stage is 14 people，my country's full -time teacher's academic level has been greatly improved。In financial support，until 2015，The central government has allocated 1.08 billion yuan to support the development of the education of the disabled，Public funding subsidy standards reaches 4000 yuan per year。The country is based on blind schools、Deaf School、Three types of disabled students at Peizhi School，Formulated "Curriculum Standards" for each discipline、Written textbooks，Even the textbooks of Peizhi School still go abroad，Lapts a solid foundation for improving the teaching quality of special education schools。until 2018，The number of students from all kinds of disabled students reached 665,900，There are 58,700 full -time teachers in the National Special Education School，The proportion of full -time teachers bet365 best casino games who have been trained by special education are 75.65%。

Looking back at 70 years of storms and rainstorms，Under the party's leadership，Historical achievements in the bet365 live casino games education of disabled people in my country。Disabled students' enrollment rate continues to increase，The level of full -time teachers has increased significantly，Funding investment、Resource construction and resettlement method，and supporting the construction of the support system benefits every disabled student and their families，A positive impact in the world。Now，We should further implement the 18th National Congress of the Party、Instructions of the Education of the Disabled Persons of the Nineteenth National Congress of the bet365 Play online games Communist Party of China，Adhere to and develop the education mode of disabled people with Chinese characteristics，and actively promote the transformation of integration education，In the process of building a well -off society in an all -round way，Efforts to maintain the legitimate rights and interests of the disabled，Further help the education of Chinese disabled people to go to the world。

　(Author: Education Policy and Management Research Center of Shandong Normal University; School of Public Management of Shandong Normal University)