70 years，my country’s bet365 sportsbook review for disabled people has made historic achievements。The enrollment rate of students with disabilities continues to increase，The level of full-time teachers has been greatly improved，Funding investment、Resource construction and resettlement methods，As well as supporting the construction of a security system and other measures to benefit every disabled student and his family，had a positive impact。Present，We must adhere to and develop an bet365 sportsbook review model for disabled people with Chinese characteristics，And actively promote its transformation to inclusive bet365 sportsbook review，In the process of building a moderately prosperous society in an all-round way，Strive to safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of persons with disabilities，Further help China’s bet365 sportsbook review for disabled people to go global。

Since the founding of New China，Our country’s various undertakings have achieved rapid development，Under the leadership of the party, the bet365 sportsbook review of persons with disabilities has also achieved remarkable historic achievements，This is the 70-year transition from social relief in old China to integrated bet365 sportsbook review in new China，It also wrote an important chapter in the protection of the rights and interests of persons with disabilities in my country for thousands of years。

　　1949-1978: Pioneering development of bet365 sportsbook review for disabled people in China

Before the founding of New China，Schools for the blind across the country、There are only 42 schools for the deaf and deaf-blind schools，Most of them are founded by churches or private individuals，There are only more than 2,000 students on campus，The foundation for its development is very weak。After the founding of New China，The development of bet365 sportsbook review for persons with disabilities is included in the national development plan，From policy、Financial and other aspects of support，Promoted the development of bet365 sportsbook review for persons with disabilities。

1950s，The country has begun to gradually accept and transform the original schools for the blind and deaf-mute。To the late 1950s，Basically all schools for the blind and deaf-mute have been converted into public schools。Since the bet365 sportsbook review for disabled people before the founding of New China was essentially social relief，In the process of transformation，Some correctional institutions were converted into public social welfare institutions，Therefore the educational nature of the school has never been clarified，There is also a problem of unclear boundaries between the civil affairs department and the bet365 sportsbook review department in school management。For this situation，The Government Affairs Council made a clear division of labor in 1954，Separate schools for the blind and deaf-mute from welfare homes，This means clarifying the nature of school bet365 sportsbook review for the blind and deaf-mute。Among them，The "Decision on Reforming the Academic System" issued by the Government Administration Council in 1951 proposed that "people's governments at all levels should establish departments for the deaf and mute、Blind and other special schools，For children with physical defects、Educate youth and adults”。This marks that the bet365 sportsbook review of persons with disabilities has been officially included in the national bet365 sportsbook review，And become a landmark event。After a period of adjustment and development，To 1960，The number of schools for the blind and deaf-mute reached 476，The number of students on campus has also increased to 2.More than 670,000 people，2587 full-time teachers。At the same time，In order to further promote the development of schools for the blind and deaf-mute，In 1957, the Ministry of bet365 sportsbook review issued "Running a School for Blind Children"、Some instructions for schools for the deaf》，On the academic system、Teaching and other aspects have been standardized，Strive to guide blind and deaf-mute schools to develop into new socialist schools。Under the leadership of the party，Only ten years，Realized the leap-forward development of bet365 sportsbook review for persons with disabilities，Enable more and more disabled students to enter schools to receive bet365 sportsbook review，Lay a solid foundation for the future development of bet365 sportsbook review for persons with disabilities。

Although the bet365 sportsbook review of disabled people made remarkable achievements during this period，But due to economic conditions and other factors，The number of teachers is insufficient and their professional quality is low, resulting in low quality bet365 sportsbook review，There are common safety hazards and other problems in school buildings。The country once again adjusts schools for the blind and deaf-mute，Closed schools that did not meet the conditions for running schools，And adopt multiple channels to cultivate、Training Teachers，Expand funding sources。To 1965，The number of schools for the blind and deaf-mute has been adjusted to 266，The number of students in school reaches 2.More than 290,000 people，2613 full-time teachers。1975，Our country signed the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities，Indicates recognition of equal human rights for persons with disabilities，It also promotes the development of bet365 sportsbook review for disabled people in China。Same year，The number of schools for the blind and deaf-mute reduced to 246，Number of enrolled students 2.More than 680,000 people，3445 full-time teachers，Showing a certain recovery and growth trend。After 1976，Various undertakings were rebuilt and restored，The state has also set up specialized agencies and personnel to manage the bet365 sportsbook review of persons with disabilities。

Generally speaking，At this stage, my country’s bet365 sportsbook review for disabled people has gone through the bud and the cold winter，Exhibited development in twists and turns，Although there are some unresolved problems，But the achievements are huge。For example，Incorporate bet365 sportsbook review for persons with disabilities into the national bet365 sportsbook review system，Actively build schools for the blind and deaf-mute，Cultivate and train teachers, etc.。Various measures have been taken to promote the transformation of bet365 sportsbook review for persons with disabilities in my country from scratch，Highlighting the protection of the rights and interests of persons with disabilities by the party and the state。

　　1979-2011: Constructive development of bet365 sportsbook review for disabled people in China

This period，The bet365 sportsbook review of disabled people in my country has been undergoing systematic construction，Involving teachers、Course、Finance、Regulations and other aspects。Restored through order、Active exploration and extended adaptation，Promoted the enrichment and improvement of the bet365 sportsbook review system structure for persons with disabilities，Thus releasing new development momentum，Promote the sustained and rapid development of bet365 sportsbook review for persons with disabilities。Among them，The pursuit of scale in the early stage obviously changed into the consideration of fairness in the later stage，Increasingly demonstrating the tendency of the party and the country to care for humanity。

Early stage of reform and opening up，Using the coercive and guiding role of the law as a starting point to promote the "restoration of educational order" has become the focus of the bet365 sportsbook review work for disabled people。The "Constitution of the People's Republic of China" revised in 1982 stipulates that "the state and society assist the blind"、Deaf、Labor of mute and other disabled citizens、Life and bet365 sportsbook review”。Incorporate the issue of bet365 sportsbook review for persons with disabilities into the country’s fundamental law，It was rare in the world at that time。The "Compulsory bet365 sportsbook review Law of the People's Republic of China" promulgated in 1986 clearly stipulates that "local people's governments at all levels are blind、Deaf and mentally retarded children、Juveniles hold special bet365 sportsbook review schools (classes)”。This provision further protects the right to bet365 sportsbook review of students with disabilities，And broaden the scope of bet365 sportsbook review target groups from a legal perspective，That is, from the original blind、The two categories of deaf and mute developed into three categories including mentally retarded。These two key laws not only effectively promoted the restoration and reconstruction of the educational order for disabled people，Also influenced the later formulation of the "Law on the Protection of Disabled Persons" and the "Regulations on bet365 sportsbook review for Disabled Persons"，In the context of universal compulsory bet365 sportsbook review, the development of bet365 sportsbook review for persons with disabilities has entered a golden period。

1980s and 1990s，Under the plan to achieve the overall goal of universal compulsory bet365 sportsbook review in our country，The party and the country have created a construction model with Chinese characteristics for the bet365 sportsbook review of disabled people。The most representative one is the proposal of "study with class"。Let students with disabilities enter ordinary schools to receive bet365 sportsbook review，It is a breakthrough from the previous single placement model represented only by special bet365 sportsbook review schools，As early as 1983, the "Interim Provisions on the Basic Requirements for Universal Primary bet365 sportsbook review" issued, affirmed "attendance in regular classes"。The "Golden Key bet365 sportsbook review Plan for Blind Children" hosted and implemented by Xu Bailun in 1987 was a large-scale practical study on follow-up classes。1989-1994，Our country is conducting blindness in many provinces and cities、Deaf-mute、Experiment on the study of children with mental retardation in the third category，Respectively in Shandong、Jiangsu and Heilongjiang hold meetings for children with intellectual disabilities to attend regular classes、On-site meeting on work experience of children with hearing disabilities attending regular classes and children with visual disabilities attending regular classes。Same period，The educational trends such as the integration of special bet365 sportsbook review contained in the international "Declaration on bet365 sportsbook review for All", "Declaration of Salamanca" and other documents，Provides a theoretical basis for my country’s promotion of regular classes。Regulations on the bet365 sportsbook review of Disabled Persons promulgated by the State Council，and the "Trial Measures for Carrying out Regular Class Study for Disabled Children and Adolescents" issued by the former State bet365 sportsbook review Commission have once again affirmed the importance of regular class study，And try to promote it nationwide。"Focus on studying with the class、The development pattern of bet365 sportsbook review for persons with disabilities with special bet365 sportsbook review schools and special classes as the backbone has also been established，And it affects today。Affected by changes in educational placement，The bet365 sportsbook review of disabled people has also undergone profound changes，More and more students with disabilities are entering campus，And breaks through the three traditional disability categories，If physical disability is added、Emotional disorders、autism，The scope of target groups for bet365 sportsbook review for persons with disabilities has been further expanded。Changes in practice often result from profound changes in ideas，Disabled students can enter ordinary schools to receive bet365 sportsbook review，Behind this is a new scientific understanding of “disability”，Reflecting equality、Fair、The concept of acceptance，Its orientation is more towards potential development and integration into society。1986，The total number of students with disabilities in school is 4.More than 270,000 people，Reached 29 in 1995.More than 560,000 people，By 2011, it was as high as 39.More than 870,000 people。

As more and more students with disabilities enter campuses to receive compulsory bet365 sportsbook review，Teachers、Finance、School Building、Issues such as school grades are becoming more and more prominent。The state promotes the development of bet365 sportsbook review for persons with disabilities，In 1985，Nanjing Special bet365 sportsbook review Normal School recruits students nationwide，This is the first secondary normal school in my country that specializes in training teachers for disabled people。Same year，Shandong Changle Special bet365 sportsbook review Normal School、Liaoning Yingkou Special bet365 sportsbook review Normal School and other secondary normal schools recruiting students in the province have been established，The Second Department of Medicine established by Shandong Binzhou Medical College begins to recruit students with physical disabilities。At Normal University，Beijing Normal University recruited the first full-time special bet365 sportsbook review undergraduate students in 1986，Changchun University after that、Universities such as East China Normal University are also recruiting students with disabilities or offering special bet365 sportsbook review majors。2000，East China Normal University begins recruiting doctoral students，This is a key node in the history of the development of higher bet365 sportsbook review for persons with disabilities in my country，It is a manifestation that our country can independently cultivate high-level educational talents for disabled people。Anyway，Schools at all levels and types cooperate with each other，Promoted the development of higher bet365 sportsbook review for persons with disabilities，Not only cultivated a large number of teachers and key personnel for the bet365 sportsbook review of persons with disabilities，Also enable a large number of disabled people to become talents。To the 1990s，General high schools for the deaf established in Nanjing and Qingdao、General High School for the Blind，Filling the gap in high school。At the same time，Financial support for construction has also been developed，The state adopts an increase in allocation amount、Establish special funds and increase teachers’ allowances and other measures，Provides a solid guarantee for the development of bet365 sportsbook review for persons with disabilities。To improve the quality of bet365 sportsbook review in regular classes，In 2003, the Ministry of bet365 sportsbook review launched the experimental county work on the support guarantee system for regular classes，Trying to improve the quality of regular classes by supporting the construction of the security system。Resource Classroom、Resource centers are seen as an important means of improving quality，has been vigorously developed，After achieving certain scale benefits in the bet365 sportsbook review of persons with disabilities，Change development orientation to quality construction，With the help of multiple measures，It has effectively promoted the healthy and long-term development of bet365 sportsbook review for persons with disabilities。

The report of the 17th National Congress of the Communist Party of China proposed “care for special bet365 sportsbook review” for the first time。The state has successively issued documents such as the "Opinions on Further Promoting the Reform and Development of Special bet365 sportsbook review during the "Tenth Five-Year Plan" Period" and the "Plan for the Construction of Special bet365 sportsbook review Schools in the Central and Western Regions during the "Eleventh Five-Year Plan" Period (2008-2010)"，Attempting to alleviate the tight supply and demand situation of educational resources for people with disabilities in the Midwest by tilting resources，Further promote development，Narrowing the development gap with the east，Finally achieve the goal of balanced development。To prevent disabled students from dropping out of school due to poverty，The party and the state have implemented universal compulsory bet365 sportsbook review on the basis of the “two exemptions and one subsidy” policy，Comprehensive implementation of free compulsory sex bet365 sportsbook review，Strive to benefit every disabled student，It is an important measure taken by the country to protect and improve people’s livelihood and promote social fairness and justice。To 2011，The national average level of compulsory bet365 sportsbook review for disabled students is 72.1%，The ratio in cities and towns is 74.5%，71 in rural areas.5%，The gap between urban and rural areas has narrowed significantly，The enrollment rate of rural students with disabilities has increased significantly。

Development during this period，Enable more and more students with different disabilities to receive school bet365 sportsbook review，Even entering ordinary primary and secondary schools and even university campuses，Work hard to realize the value of your life。At the same time，Ordinary schools and society are becoming more and more inclusive，Under the protection of multiple laws and regulations，Teachers、Funding、Course construction is in progress，The bet365 sportsbook review system for people with disabilities can be rebuilt，The bet365 sportsbook review of disabled people is changing for the better。Among them，Studying with classes with Chinese characteristics is considered an important symbol of this period，Powerfully promoted the popularization of compulsory bet365 sportsbook review，Helping more students with disabilities move from home to school、From school to society。

　2012-2019: Transformational Upgrading of bet365 sportsbook review for Disabled Persons in China

Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China，The bet365 sportsbook review of disabled people in my country has also entered a new historical journey，Clearly proposed the transformation to inclusive bet365 sportsbook review，Pursue “fair and quality” bet365 sportsbook review。At the same time，Under the comprehensive influence of "building a moderately prosperous society in an all-round way", "educational modernization" and "dissemination of equal human rights"，The bet365 sportsbook review of disabled people highlights the characteristics of social rights protection。The report of the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China proposed “supporting special bet365 sportsbook review”，The report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China further proposed to “run special bet365 sportsbook review well”，This important goal of high-quality development puts forward higher requirements for the transformation of bet365 sportsbook review for persons with disabilities。Take the integrated bet365 sportsbook review development model as the main line of development and reform，The bet365 sportsbook review of persons with disabilities once again faces important development opportunities。

The establishment of the policy shift towards inclusive bet365 sportsbook review is an important turning point in the development of bet365 sportsbook review for persons with disabilities in my country。The Ministry of bet365 sportsbook review and seven other departments released the "Special bet365 sportsbook review Improvement Plan (2014-2016)" in 2014，For the first time, “comprehensive promotion of inclusive bet365 sportsbook review” is clearly stated in a policy document。The State Council once again confirmed “promoting inclusive bet365 sportsbook review” in the “Regulations on bet365 sportsbook review for Disabled Persons” revised in 2017。Bringing inclusive bet365 sportsbook review to a new level，And actively cooperate with the development of international bet365 sportsbook review for persons with disabilities，The bet365 sportsbook review of disabled people in my country is also undergoing a profound change from related policies to service systems。Especially during the transition to inclusive bet365 sportsbook review，Teachers become an important factor，The "Opinions on Strengthening the Construction of Special bet365 sportsbook review Teachers" issued in 2012 proposed for the first time "exploring the establishment of a professional certificate system for special bet365 sportsbook review teachers"，Putting forward new requirements for teachers’ professional skills。The "Regulations on bet365 sportsbook review of Persons with Disabilities" revised in 2017 also stipulates two qualification requirements for teachers who specialize in bet365 sportsbook review for persons with disabilities。Various measures show the trend of teacher professionalization，The improvement of teachers’ level will definitely have a positive impact on the quality of bet365 sportsbook review。To 2018，The number of full-time teachers in special bet365 sportsbook review schools reaches 5.More than 860,000 people，Among them，1428 graduate students，39,809 people graduated with undergraduate degree，16,418 people graduated from junior college，987 people graduated from high school，14 people graduated from high school or below，The academic level of full-time teachers in our country has been greatly improved。In financial support，To 2015，10 allocated by the central government.800 million yuan to support the development of bet365 sportsbook review for people with disabilities，Public funding subsidy standard reaches 4,000 yuan per student per year。Country-based schools for the blind、School for the Deaf、Needs of three types of disabled students in Peizhi School，Developed "Curriculum Standards" for each discipline、Written the textbook，Even Peizhi School textbooks are exported abroad，Laying a solid foundation for improving the teaching quality of special bet365 sportsbook review schools。To 2018，The number of students with various disabilities in school reaches 66.590,000 people，There are 5 full-time teachers in special bet365 sportsbook review schools nationwide.870,000 people，The proportion of full-time teachers who have received professional training in special bet365 sportsbook review is 75.65%。

Looking back on 70 years of ups and downs，Under the leadership of the party，my country’s bet365 sportsbook review for disabled people has made historic achievements。The enrollment rate of students with disabilities continues to increase，The level of full-time teachers has been greatly improved，Funding investment、Resource construction and resettlement methods，As well as supporting the construction of a security system and other measures to benefit every disabled student and his family，Making a positive impact in the world。Present，We should further implement the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China、Instructions of the 19th National Congress on the bet365 sportsbook review of Disabled Persons，Insist on and develop an bet365 sportsbook review model for disabled people with Chinese characteristics，And actively promote the transformation to inclusive bet365 sportsbook review，In the process of building a moderately prosperous society in an all-round way，Strive to safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of persons with disabilities，Further help China’s bet365 sportsbook review for disabled people to go global。

　(Author’s unit: bet365 sportsbook review Policy and Management Research Center of Shandong Normal University；School of Public Administration, Shandong Normal University)