70 years since the founding of New China，Private higher bet365 kentucky bonus code has gone through stages of development from stagnation and silence to budding exploration and then to expansion and quality improvement，Now it has developed into an important part of higher bet365 kentucky bonus code in our country。The development and growth of private higher bet365 kentucky bonus code，Promoted the diversified development of my country’s higher bet365 kentucky bonus code paths，Meeting people’s diverse educational needs，Is of great significance to realizing educational equity。However，In the process of development，Private higher bet365 kentucky bonus code also faces many problems and difficulties。This requires managers to grasp the development laws of private higher bet365 kentucky bonus code，Transforming the private higher bet365 kentucky bonus code model，Seeking breakthrough points for innovation and development，Use the advantages of private bet365 kentucky bonus code，Promote the unity of students’ individual development and social development，Improving the quality of running schools，Create school characteristics，Gradually enhance the social recognition of private higher bet365 kentucky bonus code，Further promote the rapid and good development of private bet365 kentucky bonus code。

　The development history of private higher bet365 kentucky bonus code in my country

Based on the major policies and regulations of the country in the development process，Comprehensive development characteristics of various aspects of private higher bet365 kentucky bonus code in my country，The evolution of private higher bet365 kentucky bonus code in my country has the following five stages。

　First, the stage of stagnation and silence (1949-1977)。According to statistics in 1950，There are 227 colleges and universities in the country，Private universities account for 39% of the total number of universities。Aiming at church universities and other private institutions of higher learning, which accounted for more than one-third at that time，The government has adopted "active maintenance"，Gradual transformation，Key subsidy” policy。Afterwards，The "Interim Measures for the Management of Private Higher bet365 kentucky bonus code Institutions" promulgated in August 1950 requires all types of private higher bet365 kentucky bonus code institutions to re-apply for registration，This kicked off the socialist transformation of higher bet365 kentucky bonus code in our country。To the end of 1952，A large number of private colleges and universities may be converted into public schools after state-owned transformation，or discontinued，Or maybe it was dismantled and reorganized during the subsequent major adjustment of departments and departments。The development of private higher bet365 kentucky bonus code has entered a silent stage，Until the period of reform and opening up，National construction and economic development urgently require professionals in all aspects，Private bet365 kentucky bonus code once again gains development opportunities。

　　The second is the germination and regeneration stage (1978-1992)。After the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Communist Party of China in 1978，China has entered a new era of reform, opening up and socialist modernization，my country’s private higher bet365 kentucky bonus code has sprouted again，The specific manifestation is that many social organizations and individuals actively establish various types of bet365 kentucky bonus code and training institutions。Beijing Self-Study University (1977)、Changsha Zhongshan Vocational College (1978)、Hangzhou Qianjiang Amateur University (1979)、Hunan Jiuyishan College (1980)、The earliest batch of private educational institutions in my country such as China Social University (1982) were established one after another。The "Constitution" adopted in 1982 established the legitimacy of private bet365 kentucky bonus code in our country。After，Xi'an Peihua Women's University、Beijing Haidian Day University、The number of private universities across the country such as Zhejiang Shuren University has surged。But private higher bet365 kentucky bonus code institutions at that time basically focused on skills training、Cultural tutoring mainly，Still without funds、No teachers、The "Three Nothings" state of no venue，Almost not included in the unified academic bet365 kentucky bonus code，Social recognition and influence are still very limited。

　The third is the exploration and development stage (1993-2001)。August 1993，The former State bet365 kentucky bonus code Commission promulgated the "Interim Regulations on the Establishment of Private Higher bet365 kentucky bonus code Institutions"，This is the first document on the legalization of private universities after the reform and opening up。This is the year，Beijing took the lead in piloting the higher bet365 kentucky bonus code diploma examination，Promote the transformation of educational institutions that do not have the ability to independently issue academic diplomas into actual schools。Afterwards，With the "Regulations on Running Schools with Social Forces" and "About the State Council Authorizing the Province、Autonomous Region、Notice on Issues Related to the Approval of the Establishment of Higher Vocational Schools by Municipalities" and other documents，Private higher bet365 kentucky bonus code has continued to develop。1994，Approved by the State bet365 kentucky bonus code Commission，Private Yellow River College of Science and Technology、Private Zhejiang Shuren College、Private Shanghai Sanda College and private Sichuan Tianyi College began to implement college-level academic bet365 kentucky bonus code。Same year，Fujian Yangen University separated from the independent college of Huaqiao University，Become the first private university to implement general undergraduate bet365 kentucky bonus code。1998，The first public private secondary college in the country registered and established by the Ministry of bet365 kentucky bonus code, Soochow University Wenzheng College was established。Private higher bet365 kentucky bonus code has undergone extensive preliminary exploration and practice during this period，Laid the foundation for future long-term development。

　　The fourth is the rapid expansion stage (2002-2015)。December 2002，The Ninth National People's Congress Standing Committee passed the "Private bet365 kentucky bonus code Promotion Law" (hereinafter referred to as the "Private bet365 kentucky bonus code Promotion Law")，This is the highest legislation so far specifically targeting private bet365 kentucky bonus code in our country。The law “actively encourages private bet365 kentucky bonus code、Strong support、Correct guidance、The "16-character policy" of "management according to law" has been upgraded to a legal provision，Laid a legal foundation for private bet365 kentucky bonus code，It is clarified that private bet365 kentucky bonus code is an integral part of public welfare and socialist bet365 kentucky bonus code。At the same time，With the advancement of the "bet365 kentucky bonus code Revitalization Action Plan for the 21st Century"，The continuous large-scale enrollment expansion of my country’s higher bet365 kentucky bonus code since 1999，Brings opportunities to the rapid development of private universities。Private bet365 kentucky bonus code has entered an optimized development environment、The "fast lane" to standardize the order of running schools。2003，The Ministry of bet365 kentucky bonus code’s move to rectify more than 360 “secondary colleges” across the country and officially name them independent colleges，Added new impetus to the development and growth of private universities。After a period of rolling development and accumulation，At this stage, the academic nature of a large number of private universities has been upgraded from non-academic bet365 kentucky bonus code to academic bet365 kentucky bonus code；The academic level has also been gradually upgraded from junior college to undergraduate；School building aspect，At this time, most private universities have expanded their own independent campuses，Thousand acres of campus、There are so many universities for thousands of people。

　　The fifth is the stage of quality improvement and specialization (2016 to present).With the rapid development of China’s higher bet365 kentucky bonus code from elite to mass and then to universalization，“Providing bet365 kentucky bonus code that satisfies the people” has become the strongest voice of higher bet365 kentucky bonus code in the new era。November 2016，The Standing Committee of the 12th National People's Congress passed the second amendment to the "Popular Promotion Law"，marks that private colleges and universities have officially entered classified support、Category Management、A new stage in which differentiated development is the main line。Private higher bet365 kentucky bonus code has also transformed from the early expansion of scale to connotation of high-quality development，Adopt a connotative approach to private universities、Featured、High-end type、The path of sustainable development is of great significance。First, highlight the public welfare nature of bet365 kentucky bonus code and the flexibility of the mechanism；The second is for for-profit private schools，Under the "reasonable return" legal system，Focus on the correct direction of running schools and cultivating high-quality talents，Actively guide China’s private higher bet365 kentucky bonus code towards diversification、High-end、The road to global development。

　Characteristics of the development path of private higher bet365 kentucky bonus code in my country

The development process of my country’s private universities in the 70 years since the founding of New China，It is also the process of reform and development of the private university system。Discovering the evolutionary logic of the five stages of private higher bet365 kentucky bonus code in my country through verification，Induced institutional changes are the external characteristics of the development logic of my country’s private higher bet365 kentucky bonus code，Internal input is the internal mechanism of the development and evolution logic of private higher bet365 kentucky bonus code。The so-called induced institutional change refers to the transformation of the current system or the creation of a new system，It is due to the spontaneous advocacy, organization and implementation of individuals or groups from the grassroots in response to needs，It is generated from the bottom-up "induced" by "interests"。And "internal input" means that the formulation of the private higher bet365 kentucky bonus code system begins with a top-down "input" from within the government system, especially from the power elite。The essence refers to the distribution and reorganization of interests in the decision-making layer of state agencies on behalf of the masses，The internal logic is mainly manifested in the coordination and compromise of policy formulation by government decision-makers between the national development strategy and the needs of multiple social parties。70 years，The essence of the evolutionary logic of private higher bet365 kentucky bonus code is the aggregation and expression of interests of state institutions and their internal personnel in inducing institutional changes。

The external characteristics of the development and evolution logic of private higher bet365 kentucky bonus code are manifested in two aspects: the inducement of the needs of the main body of private higher bet365 kentucky bonus code and the inducement of the establishment process of private higher bet365 kentucky bonus code。The evolution of private higher bet365 kentucky bonus code in the 70 years since the founding of New China，The subjects of the system change were initially some retired teachers、Veteran cadre，Later developed into the Democratic Party、Social organization、State-owned enterprises, institutions and private enterprises。These entities play a core role in the development of private higher bet365 kentucky bonus code，Spontaneously shoulder the important task of revitalizing and prospering higher bet365 kentucky bonus code in our country，Many of them are pioneers in market economy and bet365 kentucky bonus code reform，Have keen market perception and pioneering spirit，is the mainstay in the development of market-oriented bet365 kentucky bonus code in my country。The founding process of private higher bet365 kentucky bonus code in my country is bottom-up、Progressive spiral，This is mainly due to the fact that most of the subjects of private higher bet365 kentucky bonus code come from the grassroots。Grassroots government departments rely on system changes、Analyze and compare the comprehensive impact of adjustments，The various stakes brought by the overall estimate，And finally decide whether to approve the changes to the private higher bet365 kentucky bonus code system、Adjust or report to superior departments and obtain their promotion and recognition。In this way，Bottom-up in the spatial process of institutional change、Spiral Propulsion，The highest policy decision-making department ultimately decides on adjustments or changes to the system。This is an induced system change、The specific embodiment of adjustment in the field of private higher bet365 kentucky bonus code in my country。

The internal mechanism of the development and evolution logic of private higher bet365 kentucky bonus code is reflected in three aspects: First，The development momentum of private higher bet365 kentucky bonus code and the subjectivity of government decision-making。Government as a social governance agency，With optimized public services、Function of safeguarding national interests，Providing bet365 kentucky bonus code that satisfies the people is the basic basis for government decision-making。Part 2，The development efficiency of private higher bet365 kentucky bonus code and the sustainability of government decision-making。Overview of the 70-year development history of private higher bet365 kentucky bonus code，Everything has good reputation、Private universities that have achieved greater development，All related to the leading and guiding role of government decision-making。Part 3，Consistency between private higher bet365 kentucky bonus code stakeholders and government decision-making。Some scholars believe，The balance point between private bet365 kentucky bonus code and public bet365 kentucky bonus code，It depends on whether the combination of the two meets the educational needs of the people，Whether it is conducive to "every child can enjoy fair and quality bet365 kentucky bonus code"。So，The rapid development of private higher bet365 kentucky bonus code，Benefiting from the consistency of demands of various stakeholders。For this，May 30, 2019，The bet365 kentucky bonus code Development Research Center of the Ministry of bet365 kentucky bonus code established a private bet365 kentucky bonus code research institute，And hire Xu Xuqing、Huang Teng and other experts and scholars who have contributed to China’s private higher bet365 kentucky bonus code form a team to provide wisdom。And seek government decision-making and the resonance of stakeholders、The consistency of co-directional aggregation satisfies social diversity、Demand for high-quality bet365 kentucky bonus code，The only choice to ensure the healthy and sustainable development of private universities。

As an important part of the national bet365 kentucky bonus code，Private universities must achieve their own sustainable development，We must adhere to the socialist direction of running schools，Promote connotative differentiated development，Improving the quality of talent training。Absorbing foreign experience、Based on optimizing the bet365 kentucky bonus code development model，We should give full play to the unique advantages of private bet365 kentucky bonus code，Actively explore the development path of private higher bet365 kentucky bonus code with Chinese characteristics that combines globality and localization，Make new and greater contributions to the upcoming popularization of higher bet365 kentucky bonus code and the realization of a country with higher bet365 kentucky bonus code to become a powerful country in higher bet365 kentucky bonus code and to meet people's increasingly diverse educational needs。

　(Author’s unit: School of bet365 kentucky bonus code, Northwest Normal University)