No matter what kind of foreign language is learning，Our mother tongue is always affecting foreign language learning all the time; and，After learning a certain degree of foreign language，In turn, it will also have a certain impact on our mother tongue use，The phenomenon of interaction between mother tongue and foreign language，Called language migration (or cross -language effect)。Language migration is direction，The influence of mother tongue on foreign languages ​​is called mother tongue migration (or positive migration)，The impact of foreign language on mother tongue is called reverse migration。where，Maternal migration of mother tongue often appears in foreign language learning，Arisp people's general attention。Memory migration of mother tongue sometimes helps foreign language learning，Called right migration; sometimes interference，Called negative migration。In foreign language learning and use，When the migration occurs,，Smooth communication，Therefore, people often do not inspect this。But when negative migration occurs，Foreign language expression errors are often caused，Affects communication，So scholars、Special attention from teachers and students。

Voice of Maternal Migration in Foreign Languages、Vocabulary、grammar、Semantic、Erotic、language and other levels will appear。For example，The Japanese speak English with a strong "Japanese cavity"，This is because Japanese pronunciation habits have a negative Bet365 app download impact on English pronunciation。For example，Because of the lack of [R] in Japanese，When the Japanese say the word ROSE，often read it。Another example，Whenever the peak travel season，Attractions "Mountains and Renhai"，Chinese English "PeOPLE MOUNTAIN People Sea" described by this scene，This is a vocabulary migration and semantic migration that expresses Chinese expression into English。The most typical manifestation of grammar migration is that Chinese students used in English when they used English，If you don't pay attention, you will miss the "-ed" mark in the past，This is caused by the lack of morphological labels that are commonly used。As far as the language is concerned，Frequently divide the Chinese organization paragraphs，Last summary。To help Chinese students change this habit in English writing，Teachers need to tell the first way of English to tell the theme sentence with the support sentence，Further with a lot of exercises，can master the writing characteristics of English。

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The foundation of language migration, although it is an objective difference between mother tongue and foreign language，But directly leads to the occurrence of language migration，But it is a subjective psychological representation of learners to mother tongue and foreign languages。During the formation of bilingual psychological characteristics，Learners' individual differences and foreign language levels will affect the occurrence of language migration、Migration and direction。

The relationship between the relationship between the level of foreign language and the migration of mother tongue，Most people think，Most migration of mother tongue when I first started learning foreign language，Bet365 lotto review With the improvement of foreign language level，Maternal migration gradually decreases。Some people think，When the level of foreign language is low，The content that can be expressed is limited; the higher the level，The more content can be expressed，The possibility of mother tongue migration is greater。

To really answer this question，First of all, you need to solve the problem of judgment method of mother tongue migration。The author proposes "Framework of Comparison Methods of Migration of Materia Media"。This method passed the two -year time tracking research，The system inspects Chinese students using English -name names、shaped name match、Congratulations to clause、Related Words and other eight aspects of mother tongue migration。We found，There are large individual mutations in the occurrence of positive migration and negative migration between students; from the perspective of group performance，With the progress of their overall foreign language level，Zheng、The amount of negative migration is all non -linear changes。

　　Psychological mechanism

The occurrence of mother tongue migration is related to the objective similarities and differences between students' mother tongue and foreign languages，But it is not the same in the same language, there will be positive migration，Negative migration will appear in different places。The actual situation is often much more complicated，Sometimes the mother tongue and foreign language are very similar in a certain aspect，But the students turn a blind eye to this，The similarities between the two languages ​​cannot be used to help their foreign language learning; sometimes there are obvious differences between the two languages，But the students did not notice，bet365 live casino games Of course I think they are similar，Improper "reference" caused the error to occur，Is the result of negative migration。So，When we are expressing their thoughts in foreign languages，What is the psychological mechanism of mother tongue migration? The author's research proposes "The Psychological Linguistics Model of Materia Medica in Foreign Languages"，Main mechanism、Three parts of knowledge reserve and execution control system。Early at the beginning of foreign language learning、Middle、high stage，This model is also divided into three stages，They are the same in basic composition and application procedures，The difference is mainly on the signs of bilingual vocabulary。

The material basis for the migration of mother tongue is the concept of mother tongue and two languages、Vocabulary、Grammar representatives exist in differences。The necessary condition for the migration of mother tongue is in the process of two -character output，Concepts related to mother tongue、Vocabulary、grammar representation, etc. is activated，Can my mother tongue migration in the output of the second language，It depends on the work of the execution of the control system。Mainly divided into two cases: (1) When the activated mother tongue -related concepts、Vocabulary、grammar and other representations are consistent with the second language，If the monitoring system runs normally，Allow it to continue，will be migrated; if the monitoring system mistakenly judges the consistency between them as inconsistencies，The characteristics of not allowed mother tongue to copy to the two -character，Migration will not appear in the output of the second language。(2) When the activated mother tongue -related concepts、Vocabulary、bet365 live casino games Synthetic portrait, etc. When the two are inconsistent with the second language，If the monitoring system runs normally，Discover it in time，The suppression system starts to work。If the suppression system can suppress the interference of mother tongue，Make negative migration of mother tongue will not be manifested in the output of the second language; if the inhibitory system is not strong，Can't suppress the interference of mother tongue，Negative migration of mother tongue will be manifested in the output of the second language。If the monitoring system is not sensitive enough，No difference in mother tongue and two -language signs，Allow mother tongue representation to copy in the second language，Negative migration of mother tongue will also be manifested in the output of the second language。

　response strategy

Since the migration of mother tongue is an objective existence，How should I take it correctly? first，To increase the understanding of mother tongue migration。Teachers must be proficient in their mother tongue and foreign languages，Consciously compare and analyze them; understand the migration of mother tongue，Especially the performance of negative migration and influencing factors。Since then，Teachers can introduce this knowledge to students in popular languages。Next，We must use positive migration，overcome negative migration。Teachers need to help students realize that mother tongue and foreign languages ​​are in vocabulary、Similarity exist in grammar，Use mother tongue knowledge to help students learn foreign languages。For aspects that may cause negative migration，To increase the quality and quantity of foreign language input and interaction，You can also use cognitive linguistics to explore the specific cognitive dynamic cause of foreign language expression，Use the corpus to help students understand the subtle differences of similar bet365 live casino games foreign language expression。

The language migration research in the new era is in the ascendant，There is a lot to do。Many of them are closely related to the "Belt and Road" co -construction of the "Belt and Road": first，The relationship between language migration and cultural exchanges。Language and culture are inseparable，We are learning、Using the language of other countries to associate with it，Also understand the culture of the other party。But how does the difference between the difference between the difference between the two languages ​​and culture，It is worth exploring。2，Foreign Language learning on the impact of young people's thoughts。The purpose of foreign language learning is to be used by me，Improve communication efficiency，Learn the advanced technology and culture of other countries; but at the same time, the negative effects of the information carried by foreign languages ​​must be resisted。Chinese college students after many years of foreign language learning，What is the difference between their knowledge representative system and monomer who only speakes mother tongue，What are the effects of foreign language learning on young people，Need to investigate carefully。third，The language migration study of multi -language learning needs to be strengthened。Build the "Belt and Road" for active service to actively serve，Peking University、Tsinghua University and other 20 universities in colleges and universities are undergoing second、Pilot Third Foreign Language Teaching。To improve the efficiency of multi -foreign language teaching，Must clarify the performance of language migration in multi -language learning as soon as possible、Impact factors and psychological mechanisms，Put forward targeted teaching strategies，Active force，Let foreign bet365 best casino games language teaching better serve the "Belt and Road"，Serving national construction。

　　(The author is the person in charge of the National Social Science Fund Youth Project "Maternal Migration Research in Chinese University Students' English Output"、Professor of Shanghai University of Finance and Economics)