Zhou Liqian: bet365 kentucky bonus code and cognitive science promote each other
May 28, 2019 08:28 Source: "Chinese Social Sciences Journal" Issue 1701, May 28, 2019 Author: Zhou Liqian

  bet365 kentucky bonus code is very different from cognitive science in theoretical interest。However, bet365 kentucky bonus code not only defends the status of first-person experience as a legitimate field of study,Another method proposed to escape the unreliability of personal introspection reports,Thus in principle it helps to advance cognitive science’s explanation of phenomenal characteristics。

Cognitive science is the scientific study of the human mind and its processes。With neuroscience、Linguistics、Psychology、The rapid development of artificial intelligence,Cognitive science has made great progress。Our understanding of the working mechanism of the human brain、Information processing in cognitive processes、Memory mechanism、Unprecedented in-depth understanding of intelligent artificial modeling。However,Cognitive science is about the subjective aspects of the human mind,That is, the part of the soul that only everyone can access from their own perspective,Like sensory experience、Phenomenal characteristics such as self-awareness,It seems nothing can be done。Therefore,This is called “first person experience”。The bet365 kentucky bonus code founded by Husserl is famous for its systematic study of first-person experience,However,Husserl’s bet365 kentucky bonus code as a philosophy does not aim at explaining human consciousness,But to lay the foundation for pure logic and knowledge。Therefore,Some scholars believe,If bet365 kentucky bonus code can be naturalized,That is, reintegrating bet365 kentucky bonus code in some way,Make it consistent with natural science,Perhaps a powerful advance in cognitive science’s explanation of the subjective aspects of the mind。

  Difficulties in naturalizing the bet365 kentucky bonus code

Ontology,The phenomenal character of cognition is essentially different from physical phenomena。First,Characteristics of these phenomena,such as consciousness,No extension,Does not occupy a certain space-time position。Someone may argue,The feeling of pain has a certain location,But the phenomenon of phantom limb pain shows,bet365 kentucky bonus code pain may not necessarily be in the location we feel。Secondly,The mind has intentionality and feeling,Physical phenomena do not。A state of mind is always about something,Intentionality is the ability to represent something,The relationship between a mental state and the object about which it relates is fundamentally different from a physical relationship。For example,Sun Wukong is our fantasy,Does not exist in the physical world,But the mind can represent。Sensibility is our perceptual experience、Feelings、Emotion、Subjective experiences such as emotions,Different from physical phenomena,Subjective experience is owned by oneself and cannot be accessed by others,bet365 kentucky bonus code also leads to the epistemological difference between the phenomenal characteristics of the mind and physical phenomena。

On the one hand,Unlike physical phenomena which are open to all knowers,The individual’s uniqueness of self-bet365 kentucky bonus code leads to the concealment of subjective bet365 kentucky bonus code。On the other hand,Although physical phenomena are open to all cognizers,But not directly accessible,Our understanding of physical phenomena may be wrong,But our subjective bet365 kentucky bonus code of ourselves is direct、Self-explanatory、Can’t go wrong。A person who feels pain means he is in pain。At the same time,Due to the hidden nature of personal subjective bet365 kentucky bonus code,As a result, methods that can be used to study physical phenomena are often ineffective in studying the mind。

The success of modern natural bet365 kentucky bonus code,largely due to the success of its methodology。The biggest feature of scientific methodology is to quantify the physical world through mathematics,Thus achieving its objectivity。Subjective experience because of its thorough personalization、Privacy,Making personal introspection reports less reliable,Therefore cannot be idealized、Mathematicalization。It is precisely because of the ontology of existence、These issues in epistemology and methodology,Cognitive bet365 kentucky bonus code, which attempts to explain the characteristics of cognitive phenomena, seems to be doomed to failure from its birth。

  bet365 kentucky bonus code may advance the development of cognitive science

Systematic study of bet365 kentucky bonus code of experience and consciousness from the first-person perspective,At least superficially, it overlaps greatly with cognitive science。bet365 kentucky bonus code seeks to establish a descriptive doctrine concerning the nature of pure experience,Trying to give an accurate picture of time and structure in consciousness、Coherent description。Then,Other than that,Does bet365 kentucky bonus code really help cognitive science explain the characteristics of phenomena?To answer this question,First of all, we must understand what Husserl’s purpose was in establishing bet365 kentucky bonus code,What is the method,Why focus on the phenomenon of consciousness。

Husserl gave his purpose of establishing bet365 kentucky bonus code at the beginning of his first phenomenological work "Logical Investigations": to provide a foundation for pure logic and epistemology。The reason why Husserl wanted to deal with this issue,It was to oppose the popular psychologism at that time: the possibility of using psychology to deal with knowledge。He thinks,Psychology as a science,Although what is studied is cognitive behavior and cognitive process,But this is not enough to provide a basis for knowledge。Because cognitive behavior and knowledge are two different levels,And psychologism confuses them。Later,Husserl extended the premise of psychologism to our unreflective attitude towards the world in natural science and daily life: there is a reality independent of mind and theory。He calls this attitude the "natural attitude"。Although the natural attitude is prevalent in people’s daily concepts and natural scientific research,But not the original。Therefore,To solve the problem of the possibility of knowledge,We need to get rid of the natural attitude。

Inspired by Descartes’ “I think, therefore I am”,Husserl believes,Things always exist first in our consciousness。Therefore,To explain the basic issues of knowledge,We must understand how consciousness constructs our objectivity and subjectivity,And then build the world we live in。But it should be noted,The consciousness Husserl refers to here is not the consciousness that is the object of psychological research,But the consciousness experienced from the first-person perspective,Because the former has preset the natural attitude。But due to the influence of natural attitude,We are always biased towards our own conscious experience。Therefore,Husserl developed the method of transcendental reduction to eliminate these presuppositions,Thus making the inner pure consciousness the object of study。Based on bet365 kentucky bonus code methodology,Husserl focused on how intentionality and self-awareness structure how the world appears to us。But he is not interested in sensibility in the purely individual material sense,Because sensibility is not an intersubjectively intelligible structure。

It can be seen from this,bet365 kentucky bonus code is very different from cognitive science in theoretical interest。However, bet365 kentucky bonus code not only defends the status of first-person experience as a legitimate field of study,Another method proposed to escape the unreliability of personal introspection reports,Thus in principle it helps to advance cognitive science’s explanation of phenomenal characteristics。But bet365 kentucky bonus code is fundamentally anti-natural attitude,Does this mean that it refuses naturalization from the beginning?

 Phenomenological naturalization under bet365 kentucky bonus code approaches

Some scholars believe,What Husserl opposed was scientism that contained a natural attitude,Not against science。bet365 kentucky bonus code and science are two different kinds of research,Only the former can lay the foundation for the latter,not the other way around。And in Husserl’s own writings,Not without naturalization clues。For example,He distinguished between phenomenological psychology and transcendental bet365 kentucky bonus code,The purpose of the former is still to study consciousness itself。Some people even think,Husserl was open to the possibility of a purely empirical mathematical approach。In addition,Husserl himself also established somatology, which studies the body as a natural object and carrier of experience。Based on this,Scholars have made many attempts on how to naturalize bet365 kentucky bonus code。

Daniel Dennett developed heterophenomenology from the second-person perspective。In order to fully value and use first-person experience materials,Won’t lose the rules of experimental methods,Heterogeneous bet365 kentucky bonus code transforms first-person experience into material that can be used by natural science through the second-person perspective。But,This approach loses the most basic things in bet365 kentucky bonus code,In fact, it is no longer bet365 kentucky bonus code。Epistemological appeals and transcendental reduction methods based on bet365 kentucky bonus code,Francisco Varela proposed a complementary strategy between bet365 kentucky bonus code and cognitive science。The specific approach to this strategy is formalizing bet365 kentucky bonus code、Neurophenomenology and front-loaded bet365 kentucky bonus code。Formal bet365 kentucky bonus code attempts to mathematize bet365 kentucky bonus code through system dynamics。However,System dynamics has little to do with the phenomenon of consciousness,Did not escape Husserl’s criticism of the mathematization of nature。Neurophenomenology corresponds to the phenomenological theory of experience structure and the relevant parts of cognitive science,And formalize it through system dynamics。On the one hand,This approach does not actually have naturalized bet365 kentucky bonus code,On the other hand,This approach also has problems faced by formal bet365 kentucky bonus code。Front-loaded bet365 kentucky bonus code hopes to conduct phenomenological analysis of the premises of cognitive science experiments,Thus providing insights into cognitive science。However,Pre-loaded bet365 kentucky bonus code only uses the conclusions of bet365 kentucky bonus code,In fact, it has moved towards non-bet365 kentucky bonus code。

From the above discussion we can see,so far,The cause of naturalized bet365 kentucky bonus code does not seem to be so successful。This is because bet365 kentucky bonus code and cognitive science are two different fields of research,One is philosophy,One is science。However,This article’s criticism of the naturalization of bet365 kentucky bonus code,Focus on whether naturalized bet365 kentucky bonus code is still bet365 kentucky bonus code。The purpose of naturalized bet365 kentucky bonus code,Is it helpful to promote the development of cognitive science。So,On the other hand,Even without naturalizing bet365 kentucky bonus code,bet365 kentucky bonus code and cognitive science can also promote each other in the positive interaction between the two parties。

  (Author’s affiliation: Department of Philosophy, Nanjing University)

Editor: Zhang Jing
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