Social experiments are an important means to explore the path of social development。In most practice in our country，Pilot projects are the main forms of social experiments and collectively referred to，Including the SAR、Test Area、Demonstration Zone, etc.。The concept of social experiments refers to the pilot project，It helps this practice from the perspective of scientific and technological philosophy and science and technology (STS)，And provide useful guidance。The social experiments we discuss are open、Experiments performed non -controlled real world，Laboratory experiments in closed spaces in general cognition are significantly different。Conversion of the experimental scene，The logic and action orientation followed by the experiment will change accordingly，Due to changes in context conditions, it will affect the semantic connotation of the experiment and the rules and conditions of action。Another，With the development of cutting -edge technology and increasingly embedded in the construction of the order of modern society，Technical innovation will help the construction and effective operation of pilot projects，This makes social experiments have a new form in the background of deepening reform and improving governance capabilities。

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As a social experiment for reform，Introduction to heterogeneous variables in an open ecosystem，Construction of the social function and standard system of activation at the grassroots level。When we talk about social experiments in a certain scene in this context，I am trying to guide a certain object to change，Intervention on it through experiments。Experimental scenes combined with openness and experimental goals that inspire grassroots innovation vitality，It can be considered，As a social experiment as a reform, it emphasizes a kind of locality、Dynamic、Open exploration practice。

Laboratory experiments occur in more closed、Border Determination、In the control situation of scientists bet365 Play online games for the subject of the experiment,。In social experiments，The boundary conditions of uncertainty have become potential variables that may be successful in this practice，and there is no absolute experimental subject，Dynamics related to interests are in the same experimental system。So，The identity of the actor has a heavy state: the experiment is also an experiment。From the perspective of social construction theory，Laboratory experiments participating in the realization of social interests，Representative theory, such as Bruno Latour、"Michel Callon) and others" Action Performance Network Theory "。Consultation of scientific interests between laboratory scientists，and through translation to realize the hook of social interests，Make more actors participate in the same dimension，Get more social resources，This realizes networkization in the action structure between science and society in the laboratory。but but，The knowledge research and development activities here still occur in the laboratory。Closed experiment follows a kind of interpretation logic，Need a established assumption premise，Confirm or falsify through the selection of limited target variables。Here，The main object of the experiment is clear borders，Because the executor of the experiment is always a scientist，The products manufactured by are coded knowledge and technical artificial goods。

In open social experiments，Scientific activities and social behavior are intertwined，The participants involved in it will be associated with all the surrounding environmental elements，In this way, the cognition and action orientation of the experimental subject and the target object are in an uncertain state。For a successful laboratory experiment，Repeatedness is the standard for obtaining the recognition of peers，The experimental process is a targeted intervention; and social experiments follow a iterative logic，This logic is traceable，Emphasize openness and context。Therefore，The guidance of social experiments does not necessarily follow the prerequisites，Instead, it is required to revise the premise、Improvement and subversion，to reach a more adaptable state。visible，The success of social experiments does Bet365 app download not necessarily use extensive transplantation as a established rule。

History，Social experiments acting in my country's implementation and deepening reform，Sometimes this approach will be taken: in the face of the difficult task of shaping and adapting to my country's real order，In the case where there is no migration in the other country's mode，Select some regional scenarios to introduce a variable (policy、System, etc.) Trial and error，If it is successful, it will be promoted to the whole country;，Until the trial work。Policy and institutional prototype through the fusion with local conditions，Dest to an adaptive system。Actually，In the concept of "pilot" and "test area", some original meaning of the experiment。It is because of the failure to make a certainty that exploratory attempts are needed，It is precisely because it is impossible to determine what a negative effect will produce after the new policy will produce after the entire region is promoted，Only need to test at the regional level、Summary experience，To promote governance strategies to reduce innovation before promoting the entire region to reduce the risk of innovation。

Historical experience indicates，The instrumental cognition of upstream management for social experiments has also been deepened in continuous practice，The development path of exploring reforms from the bottom up is blind，Slowly transition to the top -down planning intervention。my country shows two practical types in the process of social experiments: one is "adaptive" -oriented reform experiment，Popular point of view is "adapt to local conditions"，Not required nor is it universal transplantation; the other is the reform experiment with "portable".。The difference between "portable" and "adaptability" can be seen，The contents of the rules and conditions followed by social experiments are much more complicated than scientific experimental rules，and the experimental subject is not an established，It also has the intervention of grass -roots practical experience。

　　New forms of social experiments: empowerment of technological innovation

Innovative concepts in innovative countries，Is a systematic concept system，Point directly to global innovation on the radiation surface。This is not only the innovation of cutting bet365 Play online games -edge technology，It is also closely linked to the modernization of the national governance system and governance capabilities，Provide the motivation to reform through innovation，and achieve the improvement of social governance capabilities。It is risky to directly promote global innovation: First, it cannot truly clarify the goal of innovation，Second, social governance experience that does not have the potential side effects brought by innovation。Find clues through advance trials in the local area，summary summary，Do a comprehensive promotion，This gradual reform still conforms to the construction ideas of my country's innovative countries。

In recent years，my country's use of social experiments is more pursuing differences、Diverse practice，Number of pilot projects、Type、Content and scope、Expansion on the level，Except for continuing policy reform experiments and system reform experiments (Economic Zone、National New District、High -tech Zone、Free Trade Zone、Construction of comprehensive supporting test area, etc.)，There are also urban -level driverless cars social laboratories、Smart City、"National New Generation of Artificial Intelligence Innovation Development Pilot Zone" and other technological innovation directly involved in social experiments that directly intervene in the real ecology，That is the new "technical -society" experimental system。

Obviously，The scene of social experiments began to be associated with a broader life world。This indicates that my country's practice of social experiments has entered a new stage，That is, the grassroots exploration from the bottom up，To the top -down top -down design，Drive mode combined with "top -down -bottom to top" is now。Speaking，Experience of the uncertain situation through the first trial and error through the grassroots level，Grasp the direction and progress of innovation in the top -level design，Both aspects must be "high standard、High -quality、High efficiency "is the purpose，This is the construction of innovative countries for practical social experiments、New requirements proposed by the promotion pilot project，The shaping of this sustainable drive mechanism requires technological innovation to empower。bet365 live casino games It can be considered，Technical innovation brings new opportunities for social experiments to drive deepening reforms。

First，The diverse subjects in social reform experiments themselves need to be better participated by empowerment。In recent years，Research and application of the theory of empowerment has received more attention。Simply put，"Empowerment" is the ability to give other subjects to solve problems。The urgency of modern society is no longer a causal logic in cognition，but correlation。This is because the source of the problem is the result of multiple factors integrated，Also in the solution of the problem also requires the intervention of multiple subjects。The release of grass -roots innovation vitality in social experiments and the intervention of public experience needs to be given certain autonomy，The guarantee of various infrastructure and system，To maximize the potential of individual and enterprises。The summary of the experience and the upper conversion and the effective acquisition of the upper layer's experience in the upper layer，Compared with the past, it needs to be efficient、Get energy or enhance ability。

Second，The instrumental nature of the technology is the ability to extend human exploration。With artificial intelligence、Big Data、The arrival of a new round of scientific and technological revolution represented by cloud computing，Emerging Technology in the use of information、Collection、Treatment、Power and other aspects of ability and new production line construction and new policy formulation，Expressing amazing efficiency。For example，Artificial Intelligence's empowerment of the pilot project of garbage classification has provided examples，If there is no support from artificial intelligence，Summary of exploratory experience on garbage classification cannot be formed in the short term，Become a standardized operating system。

Last，The intervention of the public's needs and experience is an important hypothesis and practical force for social experiments。For example，In the pilot project of the garbage classification system，If there is no positive cooperation from the public，It is impossible to implement smoothly。This fits the public's beautiful vision to improve the ecological Bet365 lotto review environment。Another example，The public can transmit data in real time through mobile devices，In fact, it is given the right to express the demand，This can make up for the asymmetry and incomplete knowledge of information caused by the decision subject "limited rationality" caused by the top -level design.。Similar situations also appear in the driverless car test area，This test is directly performed in the public living area，Track the trajectory and experience of public travel through intelligent equipment，Form data analysis model，Disciples to adapt to the traffic rules of unmanned cars in the future。

So，The overall action paradigm of technical empowerment social experiments is "experimental practice facing social governance"。We have to take the most urgent problem at the moment as the starting point of practice，Enter the recursive process of cyclicable，constantly iteration of initial variables。What needs attention is，Technical innovation itself has uncertainty，For example, the risk and ethical problems of technology applications、The lag of legal specifications, etc.。Now，Experimental risk of cutting -edge technology is difficult to achieve confirmation in the scientific laboratory，This risk is often fully exposed after intervening in the real scene。In other words，Society has also become a scientific laboratory。This requires new requirements for the development of science and technology，You need to expand the pre -exploration of governance experience at the same time。

So，Technical empowerment social experiment is essentially a dual test of the innovation system and governance system，The premise is to recognize such a reflexive connection mechanism -technological innovation empowering social order to reshape and the conversion of reform power。Turn in turn，The rules and systems that reshape the reshape must conform to technological innovation，These are the collaboration between the process of experimental practice。Now，Major technical innovation needs to consider the acceptable conditions of society，If the potential side effects of technological innovation and the current infrastructure、System guarantee、Ethical specifications do not match，It is necessary to test the future social bet365 Play online games governance situation in advance。

To sum up，The overall goal of technology empowering social experiments is to create a development space for the construction of my country's innovative countries，Implement the experimental practice concept of "first pilot -then promotion"，Reduce the risk of innovation as much as possible、Cost，Simplified steps of innovation。The process of deepening reform is not the end，Always in practice，This requires us to keep pace with the times，In the face of the new dilemma, use new governance methods to empower，and keep vigilant about the side effects of technological innovation as a governance method，Summary of forward -looking experience。

　(This article is the support of the China Science and Technology Coordination and Propaganda Department.、Controversy and countermeasures "(20200608CG110202) phased results)

(Author Unit: School of Social Sciences, Tsinghua University)