The rise and development of artificial intelligence，Make artificial cognition gradually become a new cognitive mode，and have brought major challenges to human cognition。The emergence of large models of natural language processing，It has increased the strength of the challenge。Many people worry，Whether the machine learning system can surpass or even surpass human cognitive capabilities，Whether it will have a significant impact on human life and survival。but but，This kind of concerns cannot block the development of artificial intelligence，This is the phenomenon of doubts about new things in the development of science and technology，But ethical reflection and specifications for it are necessary。Examine from the perspective of philosophy，The author proposes three principles of manual cognitive research and development、Five methods and six types of ethical specifications。

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First is adaptation -the principle of representation。The framework of this category is based on cognitive philosophy，It aims to uniformly coordinate cognitive science and artificial intelligence.。Cognitive system is a adaptive representation system，It is a product of long -term evolution of nature。In cognitive science，Evolution means adapting to the environment，Cognition means understanding and representation meaning，These two meanings also mean that the cognitive system is a prediction processing system。In artificial intelligence，Forecast processing is to find excellent prediction。Self -searching is an artificial cognitive method that transferred human cognition to the technical system，The purpose is to use the relevant system behavior to make the adaptive of the external target state be achieved technically。So，Forecast processing and self -searching are both adaptive representation behaviors，It aims to perform endogenous prediction and ability adjustment to the target through the description of the technical system，To cope with environmental changes，so that the behavior and goals of the system can Bet365 app download adapt to each other autonomously。

Second is the situation -the principles of awareness。Situation — Perception refers to the current perception of elements in the environment in a period of time and space，Need to understand its meaning，and predict its future status。This is an online real -time representation of the dynamic system，Essentially an adaptive representation method，It aims to set up a person -machine -environmental interaction situation for dynamic cognitive system。This principle indicates，The adaptation of the cognitive system is the fitting of the system and the specific situation，Its representation was produced in a specific context。So，Adaptability changes with the specific situation，Show depending on a specific context and formed，Only awareness of the situation without context，It will make the system lack the meaning of the meaning of the content，Make understanding difficult。So，This requires the intervention of context -awareness。

Third is the context -awareness principle。Context — Cognition refers to the ability of the subject to make different reactions based on the current environment (including external and internal environment)。For humans，Context -Awareness means that cognition is based on context -based perception and thinking; for artificial intelligence，Context — Awareness refers to the action of computer perception and obtaining environmental information。Human -machine interaction and brain interface are two cognitive mixed，and formed an interactive network。For example，The Internet of Things is the connection of many objects through context -awareness。So，If a system uses context to provide users with relevant information or services，So the system is the context -awareness of the sense。Situation -Awareness and Context -The difference between awareness is，The former highlights the current and instantaneousness，The latter highlights correlation and semanticity。

Speaking，Adaptation The principle of representation、Situation -Popularity Principles and Context -The Principles of Consciousness contain the adaptability of cognitive system and environmental interaction and the characteristics Bet365 app download of semantic expression，They are the specific principles of adaptive representation methodology。Situation and context is the small biological and large biological realm that the subject needs to adapt，Artificial intelligence can only emerge in this situation or context.、Mind and Smart。So，Consciousness、Psychological attributes such as mind and intelligence，All are the overall emergence attributes of many factors within the cognitive system and the interaction of the external environment，It is a single factor that does not have。

　　Five methods

The first is the new artificialist method。Artificialism is a calculation representation method for the attributes and parts of the artificial life system and part of the computer.，It calculates to simulate the part and details of the life system，The relationship between calculation and intelligence is clarified，The essence is calculating simulation and symbol reasoning。If the method of artificialism and biological symbolics (assuming that there is no "mind" itself，Instead of using it as a position identifier for a concept))，A new artificialism is formed。It is different from the analysis philosophy of the heart and wisdom that does not restore the interpretation，It is also different from the neuroscience philosophy that ignores brain evolution; both surpass traditional naturalism and physics，Also surpass the functionalism of the philosophy of spiritual philosophy。This new method not only challenges biological naturalism，There is also a potential for replacement。

The second is the new predictory method。Forecast is a ability from reaction to positive initiative，As a method，It integrates the characteristics of artificial intelligence into the situation，To transform traditional artificial intelligence to form predictism。If this predictism and perception — action (the method of collecting data or information through perception，Also known as actionism) combined，new predictism that transcends traditional behaviorism and dynamicism。Because the purpose of the predicted is to act, not just prediction，The prediction is for better action。Obviously，This new method surpasses classic characterism and connectionism，will make bet365 live casino games the new generation of artificial intelligence more intelligent。

Third is the new language context emerging method。The emergence of the context shows a non -restore but defined relationship between the physical system and other systems with different description levels，It aims to illustrate the incompetence of attributes between different levels of system，Ru consciousness cannot be restored to the neural activity of the brain。In the field of artificial intelligence，A sound form of the context has emerged、Program with appropriate experience，Translate in describing the level in a overall consistent way，and can discuss the context of psychological state from the description of the nervous level。If the emergence of context is combined with geneticism (an ecological method)，A new method of emergence of a new language context is formed。It may unify the control method and artificial intelligence method of unified traditional cognitive research，Not only helps the fusion of manual cognition and human cognition，It is also a beneficial supplement to the generally accepted situation method。

Four is the new simulation method。The simulation method is to use a designed thing or process to imitate or virtue of real things or processes，The purpose is to show the key features of the selected physical system or abstract system。Different from the simulation theory of predicting the ability of others in the philosophy of mind，The simulation method requires the adaptability between the simulation and the simulation。At the algorithm level，Simulation consists of a formalized program that understands the state of psychological state，Generate precise output of a given specific input。If the simulation algorithm will be Hua，new simulation method that can form a purely morphological simulation，The former focuses on psychological simulation and modeling，The latter focuses on computer simulation and reasoning。

Five is cultural reconstruction method。Reconstructionism is a kind of research mind、The bottom -up experience method of the brain and behavior，The process from top -down from the top -down process is complementary，Emphasize the mechanism of mind and brain and its emergence process。As a philosophical position，Reconstructionism assumes psychological phenomena is a series of psychological Bet365 app download and neurological interaction results，But ignores the shape of the culture of the mind。If the reconstructionism is combined with the unique culture of human beings，A cultural reconstructionism was generated。Cultural reconstruction to reshape artificial intelligence by cultural evolution，Beyond traditional cognitiveism and theory of repayment，Make artificial intelligence and human cultural evolution coordinated development。

In short，These five methods are the concrete of adaptive representation methodology。The essence of artificialism is to model the form of Bayesian method，Continuously trying to achieve the goal through the experience revelation method，Coupled with the combination of biological symbolics，Expressing adaptive representation characteristics。Forecast analysis plus actionism means "perception+action = adaptability+behavioral expression"。The mechanism of the emergence of context is the adaptive representation，Coupled with geneticism means "change+results presentation = adaptability+performance" (another form of the character)。Simulation is a fitting representation of the goal，Add the target algorithm，means "Adaptability+Calculation Dog"。Cultural reconstructionism means the combination of natural evolution and cultural evolution，Show dual adaptability and characterization，Further strengthening the body and semanticity of artificial intelligence。

　　Six types of ethical specifications

The first is the standard of manual ethics。If artificial intelligence becomes a moral subject for people，Then deal with its moral constraints。For example，Once artificial intelligence has the subjectivity，With moral consciousness，No longer only shows automatic and reactivity，It is likely to have energy。At this time，It is necessary to make moral constraints for it。

Second is the safety specification。Unreliable and unsafe artificial intelligence is undoubtedly immoral。Security is the primary condition used by all artificial devices。This may be solved by artificial intelligence packing (AI-Boxing)，Special limitation of artificial intelligence。An artificial intelligence research that is not beneficial to humans，Must be prohibited。

Three is cognitive specifications。If the safety problem bet365 best casino games is said to be technical problems，Ethical issues are often manifested as cognitive problems。Technical problems can be solved by improving technology，If continuous improvement and improved power robot。and moral issues are usually cognitive issues，The ethical specifications of high -level intelligent behavior cannot be implemented by technology only，It also needs to be educated by education and learning，Or can also be compulsory specifications through legislation。

Fourth is cognitive enhancement specification。This is mainly aimed at the brain interface and general artificial intelligence。The current brain interface can be used for brain damage、Treatment of brain disease，This is beneficial to human beings，But it is not feasible to improve the cognitive ability of normal people。Because this may not only hurt people (even if the technology is completely mature，Risks still exist)，and ethically, it is not allowed。The intervention of artificial intelligence will undoubtedly increase the level of the brain interface，But it cannot improve the moral cognitive ability。Future general artificial intelligence cannot improve the ethical cognitive level，Although you can participate in the evaluation。

Five is controllable specifications。The development of artificial intelligence must be controllable。If a super artificial intelligence is better than humans on most cognitive tasks，Should be controlled by it，This requires developers to design "useful artificial intelligence" instead of "evil artificial intelligence"。So，If the study of artificial intelligence is appropriately controlled，Develop and implement relevant ethics and legal treaties，Enhancement of intelligence is not exactly a threat。

Six is ​​sociological specifications。If the intelligent robot becomes the normal state，Socialization of artificial intelligence will appear。Socialization is the understanding of artificial intelligence as a social and cultural phenomenon and "non -human intelligent actor"。Artificial intelligence is becoming part of the society，Human -machine interaction has become a reality，Specific performance in the continuous development of smart home system、Autonomous vehicle、Chat robot、Smart public Bet365 lotto review display、Nursing robot and other fields。This requires the study of sociology and social management of artificial intelligence，So forming artificial intelligence sociology and robot social management。

　　(This article is a major project of the National Social Science Fund "Philosophy Research on the Challenge of Natural Cognitive Cognitive Cognitive Challenges" (21&ZD061) Staged results)

(The author is a professor at the School of Philosophy of Shanxi University)