Compared with Europe's diversified political and cultural traditions，The concept of "unification of the big one" is undoubtedly one of the traditions with a long history in Chinese culture，Not only affects far -reaching，and is the basis for the pursuit of the unity of the country。This deep -rooted "unification" cultural tradition is based on the concept of cultural one -the -matter theory and common cultural identity psychology。

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The formation and strengthening of the concept of "unity"，First closely related to the long -term political practice in Chinese history in Chinese history。Week、Qin、Han、Tang's success，Makes "Mo Fei under the sky，Relief of the Earth Mo Fei Mo Fei "、The division of the world is the troubled times、Unification of the world is the prosperous world、The highest ideal of politics is to realize the concepts of "unification of the world" deeply rooted in people's hearts。Next，Ancient History narrative system built by the concept of "unification"，For example, the three emperors and five emperors represented by the Emperor Five Emperor and Five Emperor in the middle and late period of the Warring States Period，It shaped the historical memory of the Chinese -everyone is the descendants of Yanhuang，Therefore, the psychological basis for common cultural identity，strengthened the concept of "unification"。

but but，Modern Chinese historical circles questioned this theory of Chinese culture and ethnic groups。For example，The representative of the suspected ancient school Gu Jiegang proposed，To break the nation in the traditional ancient history narrative system in China, the nation is out of one yuan、The region has always been unified、The concept of the golden age of ancient history。Mongolongtong、Fu Sinian、The research of Xu Bingzheng and others also put forward，Ancient China is not only one culture、A regime、A nation，but coexist in multiple culture。If the essence of culture is the active way of human beings to adapt to the environment，Geomantic、Complex and diverse geographical environment、China with different historical traditions，It is also incredible that there is only a single culture and ethnic group in history。

Bet365 lotto review So，What is the real cultural appearance in Chinese history? Is it one yuan or diverse?、Provides new information and new perspectives for answering these questions。

　　Archeology brings a new perspective

Archaeologists discovered，In the Neolithic Age，Ancient culture in different regions has obvious differences in material culture and cultural traditions，Culture in various regional "development with their respective characteristics and channels", "Multi -center development is the actual development of the cultural development of the Neolithic era in my country，It is also the law of the cultural development of the Neolithic era in my country "。From the perspective of the evolution model and development path of different regions，There are also obvious differences and diversity in ancient China。As Li Boqian said，This stage from 5500 to 4500 to this stage，Whether it is Hongshan Culture in the North、Liangzhu culture in the southeast is still the Yangshao culture of Central Plains，All have developed to the "ancient country" stage，But the roads and expression they follow are not the same。The ancient country of Hongshan Culture is a state -based god right country，Liangzhu Culture Ancient Country is a divine right、Combining military rights and kingship, deity -based god rights countries，The ancient country of Yangshao Culture is a kingdom that combines military power and the king's rights。

Although the culture of the Neolithic era is diversified，But there are obvious interactive relationships between different cultures。As Zhang Guangzhi's "China Interaction Circle" theory is summarized，"By 4000 BC，We have seen a start of a powerful program that will last more than a thousand years，That is the close connection between these cultures，And they have common archeological ingredients，These ingredients bring them into a large cultural network，The cultural similarity of the Internet is greater than outside the net "。or as Li Xueqin said: "(Longshan era) from north to south, there is a wide range of scope，A variety of cultures have their common points。This situation，It can also be metaphorized to the ‘field’ ‘field’。”

Interactive relationship between different cultures，The main manifestation is jade、ivory、turquoise、Special colorful pottery、Symbols represented by exquisite luxury goods such as large mouth tanks，bet365 best casino games and the ideological concepts shown in its metaphor、Religious beliefs、communication and learning in political concepts and systems。where，It may also include the communication between the upper and divergent people of the upper levels of society of different cultures。As Li Xinwei said: "Archaeological data clearly display，In the rear semi -leaf of the 4,000 BC，The major cultural areas of Chinese prehistoric are based on the simultaneous development of society，Each level with long -distance communication as the core of society、In -depth communication in all aspects，Gradually form and share similar cultural essence，connection becomes a cultural community that is closely related to China in geographical and cultural development in the historical period，That is, the ‘initial China’ that we define the initial formation。”

　　Traditional coexistence

How to understand the differences in daily practical culture represented by daily pottery (this is also the main standard of dividing archaeological culture) and a symbolic culture represented by luxury goods? We believe that，The theory of "Cultural Culture and Tradition" is suitable for explaining this phenomenon。

The concept of "Culture Great Tradition and Little Tradition" is the book "Farmer Society and Culture: A kind of interpretation of civilizations for civilizations" published by American anthropologist Robert Ridfield in 1956，Cultural Culture Refers to the representative of the country and power、Writing cultural tradition controlled by the urban knowledge class; cultural tradition refers to the village、Volkswagen culture traditions inherited by villagers through oral transmission。Later，Continuous scholars make their own explanation of this concept of concept。For example，Wang Xuetai proposed: upper society、The cultural traditions pursued by the knowledge elites are "great traditions"; popular on the lower level of society、The cultural tradition that the ordinary people do are "small traditions"。Cultural tradition has national power、Official ideological and other upper -level cultural colors，Cultural small tradition has regional culture、Volkswagen culture such as folk culture and daily life。

From the theory of "Cultural Culture and Tradition" theory，The cultural relics at the daily production and life represented by daily pottery in various places in the Neolithic bet365 live casino games era，Representative Cultural Tradition，It has multiple nature。as a political system、Symbol of ideology and religious faith symbol，It represents cultural tradition。Communication of symbolic items between regional culture，It reflects the political system between culture in the interaction circle、Connectary and its symbolic system mutual exchanges and learning。Quoting Fei Xiaotong's concept of "pluralism" of the Chinese nation，We can say，The multicultural interaction circle of the Neolithic Time in China is breeding the earliest "multi -one" pattern in Chinese history。

Enter the cultural period of Eryou，On the one hand，Pottery in different regions still has great differences (this is also divided into two mile culture、Business Culture、The main basis of various types of archeological culture in Zhou culture)，This shows that each area still maintains its own cultural tradition。On the other hand，Erlitou Culture Based on the symbolic cultural system of the cultural interaction circle of Longshan era，formed a pottery or copper 觚、Jue、盉 盉。Business Culture Based on the ritual instrument system that inherits Erlitou culture，Developed 觚、Jue and other wine tools as the core ceremony combination。Zhou Culture is based on the instrument system of the inheritor，Developed Ding、簋 簋。Three -generation bronze ritual (also includes jade) presents the characteristics of both one pulse and development，The "Bronze Rites Cultural Circle" at the time was expressed as constantly expanding outward。

Ancient Tibetan gifts，Gifts have typical symbolic meaning，Give play to the unique role of symbolizing the ancestor worship belief and the political system of the ancestral law。Bronze Rites and the etiquette culture and text it reflected，Represents the cultural tradition together。The wide consistency of the three generations of bronze rituals，Explain that the common identity of ritual and music culture has been formed in the vast area and the convergence of the political system and religious beliefs。Inheritance and change of the ceremony system，Reflects from the culture and development of the culture from Erlitou to Shang to Zhou Li Le culture, that is, the cultural tradition of culture。

Three generations of the Three Generations，Diverse regional culture identity common ritual and music culture，and Bet365 app download the great tradition of the ceremony and music culture and accept it、Little tradition of tolerance in various regions，The "multi -in -one" political and cultural pattern of interaction and complementary cultural traditions。From the perspective of the tradition of cultural cultural traditions，Xiashang's more replacement of Wednesday's political regime is not a straight -line relationship for another culture，Instead, the culture of different regional cultures continues to grow yourself in the process of identifying the same culture of the same culture，successively seized the dominant position，At the same time, keep replenishing with your own culture、Correction and development of cultural traditions。As Confucius said: "Yin is due to Xia Li，The profit or loss can be known; Zhou is based on Yin Li，The profit or loss can be known for。”

Judging from the changes in the scope of the "bronze ceremony cultural circle"，It is continuously expanding from the Yellow River in the Yellow River where Erlitou culture is located。In the two weeks, it has reached the inside and outside the Great Wall，South to Guangdong、Northern Fujian，East to the seaside，West includes Gansu、Some areas of Sichuan，Most of the areas covering the Yangtze River and the Yellow River Basin。The continuous expansion of "Bronze Rites Cultural Circle"，It is the surrounding culture that constantly accepts Bet365 app download the great tradition of the Central Plains Ritual Culture and the ancestor worship belief behind it、Political concepts and institutions of the law，Form a common cultural identity psychology，The materialized performance of the Huaxia cultural circle。The formation and expansion of "Bronze Rites Cultural Circle"，It can be regarded as the formation of Huaxia culture identity and continuously incorporates the surrounding culture into the process。

Even the diversified politics of the Spring and Autumn and Warring States Periods for hundreds of years，No destruction of the inheritance and identity of the cultural tradition，Not to make China go to a political pattern similar to the medieval Europe。This not only reflects the differences in the historical and cultural traditions of Chinese and Western，It is also a manifestation of the continuity of Chinese culture。From the perspective of archeological culture，Culture in the Eastern Zhou Dynasty clearly shows Bet365 app download the differences and diversity of the culture of various countries，But this diversity is a diversity based，It is a separate regime in the same nature of a certain culture。Qin's unity is also based on common cultural identity and unified psychological basis，Qin's unity is not the earliest start of the "unification"。

　　Ethnic integration reflects cultural identity

From the perspective of ethnic fusion，The process of different ethnic groups in Chinese history incorporates Huaxia，It is also accepting Bet365 app download the great tradition of Chinese ritual and music culture、The process of forming a common cultural identity psychology。As Confucius said: "Yidi uses the summer gifts, the summer。"So Chen Yinke emphasized" the division of Hu Han in the Northern Dynasties，No race but in culture "。Cheng Yan in the Tang Dynasty said: "The people of the Si Yi have re -translated it，Mu Zhonghua's benevolence and loyalty，Although it is exotic，Being able to take it in Hua，I don't know what to do。”

Ancient people in the Wuyue region of Wuyue, southeast, accepted Bet365 app download the great tradition of etiquette and music culture、Integrated into the bronze ritual ware cultural circle and become a "diverse" Chinese culture part of the historical process of Huaxia culture，Is a typical example of this aspect。We know，From Hemudu Culture、Ma Jiayu Culture、Songze Culture to Liangzhu Culture、Maqiao Culture、Lake Care Culture, etc.，Although the indigenous culture in the southeast region has exchanges with the Central Plains culture，But this culture has always been a regional culture with its own characteristics and cultural traditions。The continuous contact and communication with the Central Plains culture after the Xia and Shang period，To the Western Zhou Dynasty，The ritual instrument system of the Tomb culture of the southeast pier has accepted the ceremony system of Zhou culture。Spring and Autumn Period，When Wu Yue appears on the historical stage，I already think it originated from the Central Plains，That is, Wu Guo comes from Taibo Ben Wu，After the Vietnamese country is Dayu。This recognition of the Central Plains culture has also been recognized by the Central Plains Chinese countries，The King Wu of Wu Xiahua's pursuit of Huaxia fake a Chinese ancestor "Taibo" to become "Huaxia"，Central Plains Huaxia is also because "find the lost ancestor descendant"，and accept this new member of Huaxia。After the Qin and Han dynasties，Wuyue bet365 live casino games region is completely part of Huaxia culture，Its once unique cultural tradition is selectively amnesia，Wu Yue culture originated from the concept of Central Plains deeply rooted in people，Become the theory of course。But archeological discovery tells us，While becoming increasingly converged with the cultural tradition，The regional culture with its own characteristics has always existed in Wuyue area，That is the cultural tradition。

Cultural tradition coexistence is a common phenomenon in Chinese history。Small and small culture in Chinese history, traditional coexistence interaction，Make Chinese culture inheritance and development，Pursuing both one and tolerance，Guangna Baichuan，Innovation innovation，Keep vitality，Adapt to changing environments。

　　(Author Unit: Institute of Archeology, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences)