Archeology is the research history，This is the clear goal of archeologists。Archaeological reconstruction of ancient history，How to grasp it? This is what archeologists need to think。

　　bet365 best casino games

In terms of reconstruction of prehistoric history，Archeology has played an irreplaceable unique role。The second volume of "The History of China" edited by President Bai Shouyi, "Ancient Times" as an example。The editor -in -chief of the volume is Su Bingqi，The content is divided into four chapters in addition to the preface and the postmodern notes: our ancient ancestors (about 1.8 million years ago to more than 10,000 years ago)、Neolithic Age (about 10,000 BC to 3500 BC)、Copper Stone and Time (about 3500 to 2000 BC)、Ancient culture in the surrounding areas。"Ancient Times" rebuilt the prehistoric history with archeological data and research results。

Archeology can rebuild the prehistoric history of Chinese history，Fully reflects the characteristics of archeological disciplines: good at long -term、Macro surveys from the perspective of history and cultural development，Avoid the grasp of accurate age and specific historical events。"Ancient Times" comprehensively sorted out the context of prehistoric and social development in China，Gaoju Jianyu，magnificent momentum。There are many legends about agricultural inventors in Chinese ancient books，Shennong、Lie Shan's、Abandoned、Huangdi, etc.，Destroof。These legendary characters are unable to verify archeology。Archeology can confirm，The north of China is the origin of millet and 黍，The south is the origin of rice。There are two in China instead of an agricultural origin center bet365 best casino games and their own characteristics，During the pre -historical period, the two major agricultural economic and cultural zones and two agricultural systems in the north and south。The saying of the three emperors and five emperors in ancient China，The statement of the three emperors should be a kind of imagination of the descendants of the descendants，The saying of the five emperors is just the ancient history legends compiled by the thoughts of the old age。These ancient historical legends are also difficult to verify in archeology。Strict civilization pointed out: "Some people have proposed to engage in the" Five Emperor Project "，This is impossible。"(" Unremitting Exploration -Interview with Mr. Yan Wenming "，"Southern Cultural Relics", No. 2, 2006) The Longshan era is distributed with many archeological culture，"Ancient Times" connects them to some legendary tribal group distribution regions。This is an exploration，It is difficult to confirm。Composition of only tribal group、Entrances for tribes within the tribal group，It is a long and difficult exploration topic。

If archeology lacks archaeological culture and the interpretation of the relationship between the relationship between the family，All discussions on archaeological culture attributes will be trapped into a situation where ambiguity disputes。"Ancient Times" analyzed the emergence of the castle，Several characteristics of Huaiyang Pingliangtai Castle: neat plan、Strict defense facilities、There is a public sewer facility、There are more advanced house buildings、Handicraft Facilities、Relics with religious activities。"Ancient Times" pointed out: Pingliang Taicheng site already has the basic elements of early cities，It should be a political center，It may also be an economic center and religious center。As for the ancient history bet365 Play online games attributes of Pingliangtai Castle，"Ancient Times" has no verification。Why? The conditions that do not have research may be one of the main reasons。Pingliang Tai Castle excavated in recent years.，It is rated as one of the top ten new archeological discoveries in the country in 2019。Li Xinwei accordingly speculation，Pingliang Tai Castle "more like a higher -level military settlement under social organizations with large capitals as the core" ("Where is the Central Plains"，"China Cultural Relics" May 8, 2020, 5th edition)。

　Explore Summer Culture

Exploring Summer Culture is an important issue for the emergency resolution of the archeological world，It is also an important issue that is also very concerned about in the historical world。I should thank the wisdom of the archaeological and historians of the archaeological world，Before the summer culture is not determined，They proposed important issues of "exploring summer culture"。Explore Xia culture with archeological methods，Published from Xu Zhongshu's famous thesis "Removal of Xiaotun and Yang Shao"，It's been 89 years old。

Explore Summer Culture，cannot be separated from the Erlitou site。April 1959，Xu Xusheng, Institute of Archeology, Institute of Archeology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, and his party investigated "Xiaxu"。May 16，Discovery Erlitou Site was found in Yanshi County。The existing area of ​​the existing area of ​​the two miles is 3 million square meters，Miyagi has been discovered for more than sixty years、Palace building complex、Urban Card Road Network、Bronze Casting Workshop、Bronze Rites Musical Instrument Group、bronze melee weapon、Green Solid Workshop and other relics。Erlitou site is the early capital site。The two mi culture represented by the Erlitou Duyi site is the central culture of the Central Plains bet365 best casino games Cultural District。Erlitou culture has entered the national civilization society。The results of archeological discovery and archeological research above have been confirmed by the archeological and historical circles，It has been concluded。Erlitou culture is summer culture，Although it has been recognized by most scholars in the academic world，But there are scholars holding different academic perspectives。Erlitou Culture as the focus of exploring summer culture，It is a very promising object to explore Xia culture，Just lack of confirmation，It is difficult to conclude at present。Facing the grasp of accurate age and specific historical events，The fundamental difference between confirmation of Xia culture and renovation of prehistoric history is that the former cannot avoid，The latter can avoid talking。

Confirmation of summer culture，The discovery of the text materials of the Xia Dynasty will play a key role。Syndrary to study Xu Xusheng in the era of ancient Chinese history，It will be seen in the golden text of the end of the business and the beginning of the week，"Gan Oath" of "Jin Shang Shang Shu · Yu Xia Shu"、"Business Book", "Zhou Shu"，"Zhouyi" seal，"Book of Songs"，"Zuo Zhuan"，"Mandarin" and other pre -Qin works as the first ancient literature。In exploring historical facts，"Dare only one who can know，Dare to ask for it。Materials used，Selected Western Zhou、Spring and Autumn、Early legends of the Warring States people，Dare to easily separate these legends "。When talking about how to rule the history of the legendary era，Xu Xusheng objectively pointed out: "The historical materials of the legendary era and the historical era of historical materials are mainly different，The reliability of the former is worse than the latter's reliability。"(" The Legend of Chinese Ancient History "，Cultural Relics Publishing House 1985 Bet365 app download Edition) The author thinks，The historical materials of the legendary era and the historical era of historical materials have an important difference in nature: the former is the recovery of future generations，The latter was a description at the time。The existing pre -Qin text materials are the pursuit of "Yu" and "Xia" in later generations，The so -called historical memory。Poly Art Museum in 2002 in the Western Zhou Dynasty in Hong KongGongxuan，The inscription in the inside of the device proves at most that Yu Qi's affairs spread in Western Zhou。

November 1977，Zou Heng first advocates that Erlitou Culture 1-4 is the saying of Xia culture。In the following 20 years，He is almost completely in the situation of the argument。Until November 1997, the National Meeting of the "Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties Project"，Only to affirm that Erlitou culture is summer culture。Proposal of an academic view，From the opposition from most scholars，Gradually transformed into the recognition of most scholars，I have walked through the long argument process。The process of the argument is the process of academic exploration。Zou Heng in the 20 -year argument，I insist on my own "opinion"，I insist on my own "point of view"，I insist on my own "theory"，What persistence is a kind of unpredictable exploration spirit。Zou Heng once said frankly: "I don't think all my arguments are correct，Always need to be corrected、Places to supplement or even change，Discussion or warfare，Will make the problem more clear，More deeper。"" ("Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties Archaeological Paper Collection (sequel)"，Science Press 1998 edition)

　　Digging Zeng Guo History

History of Zeng Guo，Literature records 焉 Unknown。Zeng Guo Shi can be said to be digged.，It can also be said to be a successful example of archeological reconstruction of ancient history。

Bet365 app download The "Golden Stone Record" of Zhao Mingcheng of the Song Dynasty "Six Institutes Dedicated by Anzhou" bar，There is a record of "Zeng" inscription bronze。Three stolen excavations suffered by Li Sanlu, Anhui in the 1930s，Thousands of bronze wares such as "Zeng Ji No shot pot" were unearthed。In 1966, the inscription bronze of the "Zeng Hou Zhongzi Father" was discovered from the Jingshan Sujia Roman archeology，Archaeological excavations in more than 50 years，Zeng Houyu was discovered one after another、Zenghou、Zenghou、Zenghou 絴、Zeng Hou Zhongzi、Zeng Bo、Zeng Houbao、Zeng Muhou、Zenghou、Zenghou、Zenghou and、Zenghou、Zeng Houyi、Zeng Hou Bing and other series of Zenghou Tomb，Age span from the early Spring and Autumn Period of the Western Zhou Dynasty to the middle of the Warring States Period。In a series of Zenghou tombs and a large number of noble tombs，A considerable number of bronzes were unearthed，It has confirmed the site of Yejiashan Cemetery and Temple of Temple、Guojia Temple Cemetery and Zhongyi Village、Zhoutai site、Sujia Roman Cemetery and Site、Yidi Gang Tomb Group and the Tomb Tomb Group and Anju Site are mainly reliced ​​by Zeng Guo ruins;、Deng Guo and others have a marriage relationship; it has confirmed the evolution of the territory of Zeng Guo for hundreds of years。With the further development of archeological research，The historical context of Zeng Guo gradually became clear，It will definitely achieve the advent of a "History of Zeng Guo"。

In short,，Archeology rebuilding Gu Shiqi Mo simply with the text materials chased by later generations to seat，"Historian scholar in the history of the Oriental theory，Archaeological workers digging the summer culture in the West "embarrassing situation。Archeology must adhere to the tradition of discipline that is said to have a few evidences.bet365 Play online games 。The ancient history had not yet been confirmed by the text materials at that time，Archaeological discovery and research will always be on the way to explore。Of course，Archeology as a scientific research，Allowed hypothesis or speculation。but，Any unknown hypothesis or speculation，It must be explored on a known basis。For example，Unknown summer culture must be explored on the basis of known business culture。If any unknown hypothesis or speculation is based on the unknown hypothesis or speculation，The result of the difference between the south is inevitable。

(Author Unit: National Museum of China)