The Hehuang area in the Qing Dynasty refers to the upper reaches bet365 coupon code Yellow River west of Lanzhou and the Huangshui River Basin，Today’s southwestern Gansu and eastern Qinghai。This area is located on a plateau，Scarce foreign population，Before the Qing Dynasty, it was a highly closed area，Collect grain and pay taxes、The chieftain is completely in charge of life-stealing lawsuits。However，With the establishment of local offices since the early Qing Dynasty，simultaneous Chinese、The Hui people moved to Hehuang area in large numbers to cultivate and do business，Not only changed the local economic structure and ethnic composition，And make Han、The development of Hui nationality culture has become an important part bet365 coupon code local cultural system，The interactive influence between various ethnic groups is becoming more and more significant。

　　Establish a bet365 coupon code structure and govern according to customs

bet365 coupon code multicultural Hehuang area，The Qing Dynasty established a department in this area，Government according to customs。

In Xunhua, where the Fan tribe is relatively concentrated in the Hehuang area、Guide、Zhuang Lang、Taozhou and other areas，In the early Qing Dynasty, there was a large-scale reform bet365 coupon code land and the return of local people to the local people、In action to merge states and counties，Retained the local native official system，And hereditary inheritance is allowed。This continues to a certain extent the status of chieftain as the "agent" bet365 coupon code central dynasty in the Hehuang area，They continued to maintain their political affiliation with the central dynasty in their dual roles as tribal leaders and court officials，Playing a role in grassroots social governance。The Qing government established a department in Hehuang area，Ethnic groups began to accept the dual leadership bet365 coupon code state and chieftains，And pay taxes、household marriage field soil、Core areas related to the national economy and people's livelihood, such as life theft and lawsuits, are subject to the management bet365 coupon code state just like the "household registration and equalization" of prefectures and counties in the mainland。Although the specific operation process adopts the method of "governing according to customs"，But it is undeniable，Through the in-depth implementation and promotion of various national policies，Long-term contacts and interactions between various ethnic groups and countries，Their understanding bet365 coupon code concept of "country" is getting deeper and deeper。The retention bet365 coupon code native official system adapted to the special political situation and social status bet365 coupon code Hehuang area in the early Qing Dynasty，The chieftain sincerely surrenders to the imperial court、The act of defending the frontier，Set a good example and demonstration for the tribes or ethnic groups under their jurisdiction to strengthen their sense of national identity。

　　bet365 coupon code symbiosis and complementation

Changes in production and lifestyle and improvement in civilization，Further laid the foundation for the integration of people of all ethnic groups，Improved the vitality bet365 coupon code city’s own development。

Like Taozhou City，Government from the Tang and Song Dynasties to the Ming Dynasty，To the Qing Dynasty，Local residents and immigrants live together，The exchange of material resources between them，Not only realizes the complementarity of economic production methods，It also promoted the widespread spread of Han people’s production, lifestyle and values ​​in Taozhou regional society，Make Taozhou a center of multicultural exchange and integration。Local Tibetans in terms of clothing，Compatible with Tibetan and Han styles；Dietary，Influenced by Tibetans，Also due to the local climate，Hui Nationality、The Han people also gradually eat tsampa、Yoghurt as main food，The fried food of Hui people is also used by Tibetans、Han acceptance。The religious beliefs of various ethnic groups also blend and develop，Showing a diversified development trend。Tibetan Buddhism、Islam and Chinese Buddhism、Taoism、Christianity and other religious cultures coexist，Be friendly，Tibetan Buddhist temple、Islamic mosque staggered，Believers sometimes believe in multiple religions at the same time。It is worth mentioning，Based on the blending of various religions and myths and legends，The local folk belief of "Eighteen Dragon Gods" has emerged，From the perspective of its spread scope and development process，The Eighteen Dragon Gods are not just a belief bet365 coupon code Han people，It is also one bet365 coupon code objects of local Tibetan belief。Some folk sacrificial temple fairs originating from the belief in the Dragon God，Also often attracts Han people、Tibetan people participate together。Visible，The important geographical location of Taozhou City，Chinese、The migration bet365 coupon code Hui people，As well as interaction and integration with local residents，Make Taozhou City a place where multiple cultures gather，Become Hehuang Economy、Cultural Center。

　　bet365 coupon code and enlightenment, Confucianism first

The various ethnic groups in Hehuang initially established economic ties due to differences in agricultural and animal husbandry economic production methods，With being included in the unified national power system，All ethnic groups、Social exchanges between regions become active。In order to strengthen the unity of thought，At the same time that the central government bet365 coupon code Qing Dynasty established the agency system，Vigorously promote Confucian education，To cooperate with administrative management。As the saying goes, "Place officials to teach，Enter Yongwenzhi" ("New Chronicles of Xining Prefecture")。The core of "Wenzhi" is to advocate and promote Confucian thought and culture。

The main methods used by the Qing government to carry out civil education in the Hehuang area: First, the establishment of Confucianism、Academy、Social studies and righteous studies；The second is to build a Confucian temple and ancestral hall。Qianlong period，Yang Yingju, a minister of Xining Road, advocated the establishment of schools and teaching，To demonstrate the etiquette of Confucianism，Make building schools a top priority，And promote social studies in the countryside，And invited liberal Confucian scholars to carry out enlightenment。Meanwhile，Strengthen the etiquette and music system，Strict examination method，Execution for several years，Spare no effort。Local departments in Hehuang have successively established various schools，Collection、Mongolian、Sarah、School children from Hui and other ethnic groups，Extension teacher teaching，The literary style flourished for a while。Some Tibetans、Mongolian children under the influence of Confucianism，Can obtain scientific examination merit，And enter the official career。In addition to the school’s function of spreading Confucianism，The construction bet365 coupon code Confucian temple and ancestral hall is a concentrated expression bet365 coupon code Confucian etiquette culture bet365 coupon code dynasty and the ethical thought of "respecting the emperor and being close to the superior"，Under the initiative bet365 coupon code government，Hehuang local offices are built around the government offices、Expand or rebuild the Confucian Temple，With Ming Lun Hall inside、Zunjing Pavilion、Jieyi Temple、Wenchang Temple and other architectural complexes that reflect the characteristics of Confucian culture。

Overall view，The Qing government has flexibility in the governance of ethnic areas with multicultural blends。Establishment bet365 coupon code Department，Under the administration bet365 coupon code government，Relying on the local natural geographical environment、Transportation location conditions，And the migration bet365 coupon code mainland population、Reclamation、Business and other factors，Advance various types of towns、The development of trade centers or national cultural exchange centers。While sending officials，Unite local toast、Living Buddha、Imam and other forces jointly govern。Also，The Qing government promoted teaching and learning in Hehuang area、Building a temple，Through these methods to establish the dominant position of Confucianism in border societies，Promote Confucian education，Make the concept of "respecting the emperor and kissing the superior" in the Confucian system gradually gain popularity，Played a very important role in strengthening the national identity consciousness of ethnic minorities。

　　(This article is a phased result bet365 coupon code Gansu Provincial Philosophy and Social Sciences Planning Project "The Management of Dunhuang Temple Education in the Tang and Song Dynasties and its Contemporary Enlightenment" (YB115))

(Author’s unit: School of History and bet365 coupon code, Northwest Normal University)