Since the reform and opening up，my country’s social and economic development has achieved world-renowned achievements，But the resulting shortage of resources、Environmental pollution、Problems such as soil erosion are becoming increasingly apparent。In recent years，Our country continues to deepen the connotation of ecological civilization and implement it。The Yangtze bet365 sign up offer Delta (hereinafter referred to as the "Yangtze bet365 sign up offer Delta") is the most open in my country、One of the most economically active regions，According to the country’s strategic deployment，The region will further commit to integrated development，Take the lead in forming a new development pattern。Now take Taihu Plain and Huaibei Plain as examples，Propose some thoughts on the construction of ecological civilization in the Yangtze bet365 sign up offer Delta from the history of water control。

　　Taihu Plain bet365 sign up offer control is gradually improving

The Yangtze bet365 sign up offer Delta originally refers to the flow of the Yangtze bet365 sign up offer into the East China Sea、A large amount of sediment is gradually deposited、A triangular accumulation formed in the bet365 sign up offer mouth area。From the perspective of physical geography，The Yangtze bet365 sign up offer Delta is located east of Yangzhou and Zhenjiang，North along the Tongyang Canal to Xiaoyangkou，The south includes Taihu Plain to Hangzhou Bay，Area of ​​approximately 40,000 square kilometers。Early 1980s，The State Council decided to establish the Shanghai Economic Zone within the Yangtze bet365 sign up offer Delta，It is neither a district，It is different from the large collaboration area in the past。1990，Some scholars proposed the concept of "regional economic integration"。After 2000，formed a bet365 sign up offer、Zhejiang、The Yangtze bet365 sign up offer Delta area of ​​two provinces and one city in Shanghai，Area of ​​approximately 220,000 square kilometers。Anhui Province has been added in recent years，The Yangtze bet365 sign up offer Delta region forming three provinces and one city，Area of ​​35.80,000 square kilometers，Accounting for 3% of my country’s total land area.About 7%。As of 2018，The permanent population of the Yangtze bet365 sign up offer Delta is 2.200 million，The GDP reached 21 trillion yuan (accounting for 23% of the national total.5%），Plays a decisive role in my country’s economic construction。

According to research，There are more than 300 myths about floods in the world，The narrative poem of Gilgamesh, the Sumerian king of ancient Babylon, is one of the earliest legends，The story about Noah’s Ark in the Bible is partly derived from this。The record of the origin of Chinese civilization is no exception，Like other civilizations，Also describes a time when the world was flooded。Dayu successfully controlled floods，Thus becoming the ancestor and saint of China，His flood control achievements are also recorded in China’s earliest geographical works、In "Yu Gong" written during the Warring States Period。According to "Yu Gong" records，The area where Taihu Plain is located today belongs to Yangzhou，"Jue Cao Wei Yao，Jue Mu Weiqiao，The soil is just mud，Juetian Weixiaxia，Jue Fu Xia Shang Shang Wrong"。Low and humid terrain，Among Kyushu，Such a field can only be ranked ninth，Ranked seventh in tribute。But，This situation has changed since the Tang Dynasty。According to the records of Qiu Jun in the Ming Dynasty，Han Yu in the Tang Dynasty said that "giving to the world"，And Jiangnan ranks 19th。Looking at it now，Eastern Zhejiang、Western Zhejiang is also located in the south of the Yangtze bet365 sign up offer，ERSU、pine、Often、KA、Huwufu，Living in Zhejiang Province and Nineteenth Century"。

The reason why the Taihu Plain has rapidly become the center of the national economy since the Tang Dynasty，There are two main reasons。First, the local population has increased dramatically。There have been three important southward migrations of immigrants in Chinese history，The Yongjia Rebellion (the first year of Yongjia caused by the civil strife of clans fighting for power in the early Western Jin Dynasty，307 years)、The Anshi Rebellion in the 14th year of Tianbao in the Tang Dynasty (755) and the large-scale southern invasion of the Jin soldiers in the first year of Jingkang in the Northern Song Dynasty (1126) caused the population to migrate southward，Every time it takes decades or even more than a hundred years，Taihu Plain has become the first choice for the above immigrants。Second, local people dredged the bet365 sign up offer，Set weir gate，Building water conservancy projects，Creating farmland around lakes，Transform the environment。Early Northern Song Dynasty to mid-Southern Song Dynasty，Warmer climate has caused sea levels to rise，The highest sea level is about one meter higher than the modern sea level，Resulting in frequent flooding in the Taihu Lake area during the Song Dynasty。To protect against floods，Local residents have built seawalls and seawalls (such as Fanggong Dyke) on a large scale、Frequent dredging of rivers。When the sea level stabilizes，These water conservancy facilities continue to function。Also，The opening of the Grand Canal in the Sui and Tang Dynasties also promoted the economic prosperity of the region。

To the Ming and Qing Dynasties，The Yangtze bet365 sign up offer Delta region has become a prosperous area due to its superior natural environment and geographical location、A land of wealth and richness of humanity。Take the number of Jinshi as an example，From the first class in the fourth year of Hongwu in the Ming Dynasty (1371) to the last class in the 30th year of Guangxu in the Qing Dynasty (1904)，There are 7,877 people in the core area of ​​the Yangtze bet365 sign up offer Delta region who have passed the Jinshi exam，Accounting for 15% of the country，Topping the list。Jiangnan Jinshi are not only numerous in number，And its scientific examination ranking is also the most prominent in the country。The number one scholar in the Ming Dynasty，There are as many as 21 people from Jiangnan area，Nearly a quarter。The number one scholar in the Qing Dynasty，Up to 58 people from various prefectures in Jiangnan，More than half。

It can be seen from this，Although the two Song Dynasties were affected by rising sea levels，The environment of Taihu Plain once deteriorated，But after active intervention of human activities，Economy of this region、Social and cultural development has not been greatly affected。The history of water control bet365 sign up offer Taihu Plain tells us a story about a positive relationship between people and land。

　　Water control bet365 sign up offer Huaibei Plain has been restricted for a long time

In comparison，Huaibei Ping Principle is not as lucky as Taihu Plain。Due to the long-term impact of the lower reaches of the Yellow bet365 sign up offer diverting the Huaihe bet365 sign up offer into the sea，The area was once a thoroughfare、Regions with relatively prosperous economy and culture have become poverty-stricken areas。1128 years，Duchong stayed in Tokyo in the Northern Song Dynasty to prevent the Jin people from going south，Replacing soldiers with water，Die the bet365 sign up offer in the area of ​​Huaxian County, Henan Province，This led to another major diversion in the history of the Yellow bet365 sign up offer。The lower reaches of the Yellow bet365 sign up offer changes from the Hebei Plain to the Huaibei Plain，Meet with the main stream of Huaihe bet365 sign up offer，Flows eastward into the Yellow Sea。Wanli Period of Ming Dynasty，Pan Jixun proposed the theory of "confining water to attack sand"，And make use of Hongze Lake at the intersection of Huanghuai and Huaihe Rivers，Implementing the bet365 sign up offer management strategy of "accumulating clear water and brushing yellow water"。Afterwards，The lower reaches of the Yellow bet365 sign up offer have long been fixed at the current Zhengzhou-Xuzhou-Huaian line。Until 1855，The Yellow bet365 sign up offer returns north at its breach in Tongwaxiang, Henan Province，Under human intervention，The bet365 sign up offer gradually formed today。

With the changes in bet365 sign up offer management strategy，The areas affected by the lower reaches of the Yellow bet365 sign up offer have also undergone spatial displacement。In the early stages of seizing Huaihe bet365 sign up offer，The Yellow bet365 sign up offer is mainly in the form of diversions，With the help of the northern tributary of the Huaihe bet365 sign up offer, it merges into the main stream of the Huaihe bet365 sign up offer，Because the lower reaches of the Yellow bet365 sign up offer swing southward and reach the Yinghe bet365 sign up offer, a tributary north of the Huaihe bet365 sign up offer，So it mainly affects the Huaibei Plain east of the Yinghe bet365 sign up offer。Most of the towns in this area are located in alluvial plains and bet365 sign up offer and lake depressions，Low terrain，Extremely prone to waterlogging。In order to resist the frequent floods of the Yellow bet365 sign up offer，Or move to the city，or shrink the city，Or build a city embankment。After Pan Jixun uses embankments to fix the lower reaches of the Yellow bet365 sign up offer，Located in Yellow、Huai、Hongze Lake at the intersection of the three Yun Rivers became the site of the Yellow bet365 sign up offer management in the Ming and Qing Dynasties、Maintaining the normal operation of the canal is the top priority。Hongze Lake West、North、The south three sides are natural lake shores，The east side is maintained by an artificial embankment。To scour the riverbed downstream that is constantly being silted up by the Yellow bet365 sign up offer，The water level of Hongze Lake can only be raised as the bet365 sign up offer bed in the lower reaches of the Yellow bet365 sign up offer rises。Therefore，Hongze Lake embankment from low to high、From short to long，Hongze Lake also grows from small to large，The water level continues to rise。Xianfeng period of Qing Dynasty，Hongze Lake is blocked by the rising bet365 sign up offer flow in the lower reaches of the Huaihe bet365 sign up offer，The lake had to find the Sanhekou in the southeast，via Gaoyou、Baoying and other places and rivers，Flows to Yangzhou and into the Yangtze bet365 sign up offer。Present，Most of the lake water still takes this path。The bottom of Hongze Lake is 4-8 meters higher than the North Jiangsu Plain，Become a "hanging lake"。

As the water level of Hongze Lake rises，The tributaries are blocked，The water in the lower reaches of the Huaihe bet365 sign up offer is not smooth，Drainage in towns along the Huaihe bet365 sign up offer is generally blocked。Faced with frequent floods，Local people have taken a series of measures，Including dredging of rivers、Build a city embankment、Artificially raise the ground in the city, etc.。Except for water conservancy construction，They also adjusted their farming methods and livelihood。Facing the harsh natural environment in this area，Most of the ruling local officials have a positive attitude，Considering that natural disasters are inevitable，But human intervention can play a role in reducing disasters。They respond proactively，or transformation，Or adapt。However，Some people can only passively adopt another relatively convenient means of livelihood，The emergence of beggars in Fengyang is an example。Fengyang can be divided into big Fengyang and small Fengyang，"Xiaofengyang" is today's Fengyang County，"Dafengyang" refers to the Fengyang Mansion set up by the dynasty。"Xiaofengyang" was originally Zhongli County，It is the hometown of Zhu Yuanzhang, the founding emperor of the Ming Dynasty。The year after Zhu Yuanzhang ascended the throne，Order to build the Central Capital in Fengyang，And set up Fengyang Mansion with it as the center。This is a special administrative region spanning both sides of the Huaihe bet365 sign up offer，Jurisdiction over 9 states and 18 counties。To quickly change the face of poverty in my hometown，In addition to upgrading the administrative region、In addition to improving the political status of your hometown，Forced immigration from Taihu Plain and other places is also adopted。Although the imperial court implemented preferential policies both politically and economically，But this area eventually became a famous beggar's town，This is closely related to the continued deterioration of the natural environment caused by the Yellow bet365 sign up offer diverting water from the Huaihe bet365 sign up offer。Floods also bring down originally wealthy areas，For example，Due to constant flooding，Shouzhou, located south of the Huaihe bet365 sign up offer, has been reduced from a wealthy town to a poor and backward area，“Shouzhou used to be called Fujiang，The country’s wealth will be reduced if it is short of time，Army shortage，Not official，Armaments are also gradually weakening，Nothing else，Because floods never stop”。Huaiyuan originally had a strong reading habit，But frequent and persistent floods not only bring down the local economy，And it has lowered its cultural development level。

Since the long-term capture of the Huaihe bet365 sign up offer in the lower reaches of the Yellow bet365 sign up offer in 1128，The history of water control in the Huaibei Plain is limited by the level of social development and national governance capabilities，It’s hard to get better。After the founding of New China，The Huaihe bet365 sign up offer becomes the first major bet365 sign up offer to be regulated。By dredging the downstream bet365 sign up offer channel、Measures such as digging new channels into the sea，The Huaibei Plain has truly achieved sustainable development。

　　Take appropriate precautions

We can see this through the history of water control in two areas of the Yangtze bet365 sign up offer Delta，The history of water control in the Taihu Plain is a gradually improving process，However, the water control in Huaibei Plain has had little effect，The reason is that the water level of Hongze Lake continues to rise。This reminds us of the environmental problem of global warming，Global warming will cause sea levels to rise。According to the World Meteorological Organization’s interim report on global climate conditions in 2020，Climate change continues，The global average temperature from January to October 2020 is about 1 higher than before industrialization.2℃，Probably one of the three warmest years on record。Although the water level rise of Hongze Lake cannot be compared with the rise of sea level，However, the water level of Hongze Lake has remained high during the historical period, which is equivalent to providing us with the historical experience of sea level rise in a small area。Historical encounters in the Huaibei Plain and along the Huaihe bet365 sign up offer，Gives us a warning。The construction of ecological civilization in the Yangtze bet365 sign up offer Delta should consider the possible impact of future sea level rise，And take appropriate precautions，In order to better achieve sustainable development。

Although the Yangtze bet365 sign up offer Delta is an artificially defined area，However, the water system in this area has been excavated since the Spring and Autumn Period、Starting from the construction of the canal，Interconnection is achieved。Xianfeng period，The lower reaches of the Huaihe bet365 sign up offer were diverted from Sanjiangying in present-day Yangzhou to the Yangtze bet365 sign up offer，Since then it has become a tributary of the Yangtze bet365 sign up offer。Therefore，The water system of the Yangtze bet365 sign up offer Delta has long been integrated through artificial and natural effects。To facilitate the comprehensive improvement of regional water systems，We can also consider establishing a bet365 sign up offer chief system based on the Yangtze bet365 sign up offer Delta region，And strengthen the Yangtze bet365 sign up offer、Soil and water conservation work in the source and upper reaches of the Huaihe bet365 sign up offer and Qiantang bet365 sign up offer。

(The author is a professor at the Historical Geography Research Center of Fudan University)