Academic circles discuss the maritime policy of bet365 bonus code pa，It is often believed that "no single-inch sails are allowed to enter the sea" is the keynote，This is also the inherent impression left by bet365 bonus code pa on future generations, except for the short-lived "Longqing Kaihai" in the southeastern sea area。But，Changes in traditional policies are complex，Official authorities often make adjustments based on actual local social and economic development needs。The development of marine fisheries in bet365 bonus code pa experienced a process from strict prohibition to loosening and then to full liberalization，Vividly reflects the evolution of bet365 bonus code pa’s maritime policy。

　　bet365 bonus code pa defense situation affects fishing ban policy

The beginning of bet365 bonus code pa，They were attacked by Japanese pirates，Japanese pirates became the main target of coastal defense in the early Ming Dynasty，The coastal defense system of bet365 bonus code pa except for coastal guards，Islands and water villages are also very important。Take Fujian waters as an example，Generals such as Jiangxiahou Zhou Dexing, who supervised Fujian's military affairs during the Hongwu period, took the lead and built five water passes，Fenghuo in order、Xiaocheng、Nanri、Wuyu and Tongshan。Island water villages bear far greater responsibility for controlling the sea surface than land，“Wuzhai in the sea，As if on a bowstring，Each village has two warships，Tunzha Overseas，Huisu Junction，Momentum Contact，Support each other”。In addition to serving as coastal defense barriers, these water fortresses，The main mission also includes passing planned "cruise posts"，Control floating people at bet365 bonus code pa, especially fishery producers。

The fifth year of Hongwu (1372)，bet365 bonus code pa government had the purpose of "not causing harm to the people"，Shilong was abolished、The "Propaganda Department" in Dinghai and Dinghai manages fishing boats going out to sea，Restricting the free activities of fishermen，Further advancing the sea ban。The seventeenth year of Hongwu，To prevent and control Japanese invasion，Zhu Yuanzhang "ordered Xin Guogong Tanghe to inspect Zhejiang、Fujian coastal cities，No people allowed to enter the sea to fish”。Visible，In the early Ming Dynasty, restrictions on coastal fisheries were quite strict，And this restriction is closely related to bet365 bonus code pa’s anti-Japanese policy。

thereafter，Taking the "Victory at Wanghaitun" in the 17th year of Yongle (1419) as a symbol，The anti-Japanese situation has undergone a fundamental turn，The sea areas that were strictly prohibited in the early bet365 bonus code pa were gradually liberalized。Ming Yingzong Period，Wei Yuan, the Minister of the Ministry of Punishment, encountered "more than a thousand households near the sea"，Building boats and fishing in the sea，Leaving the country privately，The case of unrequited menstruation。Wei Yuan after arresting some illegal fishermen，No rush to convict，Instead, he personally "called the people to inquire"。Facing the fishermen “There are fish in the sea，You can’t catch fish without a boat，Where does the fish lesson come from？”“People on the coast，Poverty，It’s a day or two，No return of menstruation，Why the wife survives？”’s rebuttal，Then he made the decision of "testing those without status"，Bring to justice，The decision to leave all others alone，Thus "the people are happy"。Visible，Ming Yingzong Period，Officials have begun to flexibly modify the traditional "sea ban" policy。

This case can finally be resolved with a "no questions asked" outcome，Rely on the decision of Wei Yuan, the Minister of Punishment。Visible，At this time, the central government of bet365 bonus code pa still did not dare to neglect the "fishing ban"。With the successful conclusion of the above-mentioned "going to sea" incident，The central government began to pay attention to the survival plight of coastal residents。Afterwards，In the second year of Zhengtong (1437), bet365 bonus code pa government conducted a series of inspections on "inspection departments of various places"、Hebo Station，And patrol the garrison”，Posted "Lotus root, fish, shrimp, sea vegetables and the like produced in shallow water at the seaside，Regulations that residents can take it for food...and must not stop it"。This can be said to be the initial loosening of bet365 bonus code pa’s maritime ban。

　　bet365 bonus code pa scholars reflect on the maritime ban policy

Since the middle of bet365 bonus code pa，Scholars and officials in coastal areas based on their own life experiences，Proposed their own understanding and explanation of the maritime ban policy。This aspect shows the coastal people’s desire to break through the maritime ban policy，On the other hand, it also provided the policy basis for the Ming court to relax the "fishing ban"。Jiajing period，Hu Zongxian talked about it when discussing Fujian’s coastal governance strategy，“The law is solid and strict，However, the people living on the coast depend on the sea for their livelihood，Collecting fish and shrimp，There are those who cannot be banned”。

Wang Yan, a scholar from Taicang who was active in the middle and early 16th century，Also mentioned when reviewing the previous coastal defense situation of bet365 bonus code pa，“Since one hundred and eighty years，People of the Seaside，Population，Making a living by fishing and woodcutting，Every time you catch yellow croakers in the moon，Thousands of giant ships，All are prohibited，Everyone who discusses it is desperate，But the situation is difficult，I can’t bear it”。Chen Renxi, a Jiangsu scholar who went to the Imperial Academy to offer wine, is in "Huang Ming Shi Fa Lu"，Reinterpret the concept of "sea ban": "The ancestors' intention is to strictly prohibit two-masted ships from secretly carrying foreign goods to start border provocations。”Therefore，He believes that "the so-called 'No one is allowed to enter the sea'，This is when the ocean enters the Japanese territory，Caught in the inland sea by non-extreme people，Trading in neighboring provinces”。Same period，Xiang Qiao from Yongjia also pointed out: "In the early days of the People's Republic of China, the prohibition on private ships was very strict，Maybe it is in the interests of the people，It is not appropriate to impose a strict ban...it can be reached by a small boat and a small boat."。Fujian officials and people seem to have long forgotten the ban on fishing at sea。According to the "Book of Fujian" written in the early 17th century: "Changle Binhai，The benefits of fish and salt...Funing Prefecture...Southeast Sea，genus of fish, salt, snails and clams，Nothing is enough，Although there is famine for years, there is no hunger...the people along the coast of Quanzhou，Fish and shrimp win clams，Excess glutinous rice。”It can be seen from this，“Banning the sea but not fishing” is to some extent a common demand of people and officials in coastal areas。

　　bet365 bonus code pa tribute highlights contradictions

For the coastal people of bet365 bonus code pa，The existence of Yumike and the pressure of tribute also make some people "go to sea in desperation"。According to Hongzhi、Biography of Si Xugong, Fujian’s Inspector-General during the Zhengde Period，“The one who ships eight hundred materials，Eight Stones of Grain，Six hundred materials means six stones，The rest is considered bad”。Under such standards，In the early Ming Dynasty, the amount of fish food in Fuqing County was about four thousand shi。With "over the years，Old household daily consumption，And new households have longer days，It is common to see the situation of "not being in the family"，By the middle of Ming Dynasty，A huge gap of nearly "three thousand stones" appeared in the county。In order to make up for the huge difference，Fishermen carry out large-scale ocean fishing privately，In order to expand income，Fill the shortfall in Yumike’s books。Local officials not only do not impose restrictions on this，Even secretly facilitate their production。

In some areas，The pressure of fish and rice classes can be replaced by monetization or providing the equivalent of rations。For example，Hainan area after the mid-bet365 bonus code pa，Replace directly with silver exchange。But the "fish tribute" must "take the royal seafood"、Fruit Offering”，Coastal areas are therefore "overwhelmed with troubles"。The second year of Tianshun, Yingzong of bet365 bonus code pa (1458)，Ong Shaozong, who was serving as the governor of the Japanese army, encountered a similar incident，And pointed out that there is a contradiction between "fish tribute" and "forbidden sea"。Weng pointed out through field research，Zhapu Port in Jiaxing Prefecture is located near the Zhoushan Fishing Ground in the Dadonghai Fishing Area，Very suitable for feeding on shoals of stoneheaded fish、Laying eggs。Therefore，In the early bet365 bonus code pa, "yellow croaker" was regarded as the yearly progress，But there was a policy of “no fishing boats allowed to cross the border”，As a result, there is often a shortage of yellow croaker supplies in the local area。This is the year，A boat fishing for yellow croaker was intercepted by the Coast Guard and asked for money，Eventually leading to missing the fish season，Unable to turn in the "yellow croaker tribute" on time。After the boat owner reported the reason to Weng Shaozong，His solution is to be lenient now，Don’t ask，One year’s salary，Let me reflect on myself”，On this basis, "if you remain calm and do not change，Hindering the annual progress，Bringing it to disaster，Never escape"。

Visible，Faced with the two choices of “stopping supply” and “banning fishing”，Weng Shaozong prefers to relax restrictions on fishing。Afterwards，The list of fishery tributes from Wenzhou Prefecture is full of deep-bet365 bonus code pa fish from Zhoushan fisheries—Shishou、Perch、eel、mullet、鮸、Faucet、Yellow crucian carp, etc.。Under the cover of "legal cloak"，Fishery harvesting in East China bet365 bonus code pa fishing areas, especially in northern Zhejiang waters，There is a tendency to break through official control。

　　Relaxation of maritime bet365 bonus code pa creates prosperous fishery

The eleventh year of Hongzhi (1498)，Emperor Xiaozong of bet365 bonus code pa issued the latest auxiliary legal edict based on Hongwu's "Daming Code"，Regulations: Coastal people who drive single-masted boats only collect firewood or catch fish and shrimp "near the seaside"，"Patrol officers and flag soldiers are not allowed to disturb"。This move was a key opportunity for the development of marine fisheries in bet365 bonus code pa。Afterwards，Fourth Year of Jiajing (1525)，Zhejiang Inspector Pan Fang wrote a letter suggesting that coastal residents build fresh-catch boats，Don’t destroy it”，Obtained the approval of the central government。This marks the official liberalization of fishing operations from offshore to open ocean。Since then，Marine fisheries in bet365 bonus code pa ushered in a new stage of development，This can also reflect bet365 bonus code pa’s attitude towards gradually opening up the maritime ban。

After the maritime ban was gradually relaxed during the Jiajing period，Near the northernmost Yangtze River estuary，“Chongming, Suzhizhou County is bet365 bonus code pa middle of the sea，And Taicang、Jiading、Changshu is both on the seaside... many fish and salt industries"；The core area of ​​Zhoushan fishery has always been bet365 bonus code pa sea、Fengxiang area，Poor people make a living from the sea，Riding a boat to Chen Qian、Go down to the Eight Mountains to get shell meat、Laver，No less than ten thousand plans”。It can be seen that the scale of marine fisheries is huge。Based on this，Wang Yan, the admiral in charge of Zhejiang and Fujian military affairs, suggested a planned and standardized management of fishing vessels。For example，On the boat of "original fishing and shrimp harvesting in coastal folk stoves"，Adopt regular "registration at the government office"，Give me the cards”，"Inspect and report all (fishing boats)。No tax except for small ones，Other measurement rulers，Number of characters，Discuss tax collection measures，Thus achieving "the people are happy and content"，The expectation of not only checking the entry and exit... but also receiving less military pay"。Visible，The development of private marine fishery economy，Triggered official thinking about its standardized management，Both reflects its scale and influence，It also shows the huge profit potential behind it。

In summary，Marine fisheries are the lifeblood of coastal people，However, the maritime ban policy in the early Ming Dynasty put fishermen’s survival into trouble。Grassroots people and local officials in coastal areas continue to try to break the ban，So that you can harvest freely at sea。The lifting of the "fishing ban" during the Xiaozong period of bet365 bonus code pa，Changed the maritime policy of "No single-inch sails are allowed to enter the sea"，Injected great vitality into the fishery economy in the middle and late Ming Dynasty。

　　(This article is a phased result of the Fujian Province Young and Middle-aged Teacher Education and Research (Social Science) Project "From the Perspective of a Maritime Power: Official Protection and Governance of the Dadonghai Fishery Space bet365 bonus code pa Traditional Era" (JAS19315)

(Author’s unit: School of Marxism, Xiamen University of Technology)