Academic Discussion on the Ming Dynasty Marine Policy，It often thinks that "inch plate sail is not allowed to go to the sea" is its tone，This is also the inherent impression left by future generations except the short "Longqing Kaihai" in the Ming Dynasty.。but，The change of traditional policy is complex，Officials often adjust according to the actual development of local socioeconomic and economic development。Bet365 lotto review the development of marine fishery in the Ming Dynasty has gone through the process of strict prohibition to loosening and then letting go，vividly reflects the change of marine policy of the Ming Dynasty。

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At the beginning of the Ming Dynasty，It is disturbed by the pirates，The pirates become the main object of the early Ming coastal defense，Ming Dynasty Haijiang Defense System Except for the near -shore guard，Island Shuizhai is also very important。Take the waters of Fujian as an example，Jiangxia Hou Zhou Dexing, who was supervised during the Hongwu years of supervision, has established five -seater water customs，Fire in turn、Xiaocheng、South Day、浯 和 和 and Tongshan。The island Shuizhai is far more responsible for controlling the sea.，"Wuzhai is in the sea，If you are above the bow string，Two per village ship is divided into two，Tunzhawai Ocean，Apocalyptic junction，Morning momentum，Support each other "。These water villages are except as a sea defense barrier，Its main tasks also include through a planned "Tour of the Cruise"，Management and Control of Maritime Migraphic People, especially fishery producers。

Five years of Hongwu (1372)，The Ming Dynasty government is out of the purpose of "inaction"，Dra -Shilong、Dinghai two places to manage fishing boats to go to the sea，Restricted the free activity bet365 live casino games of fishermen，further promoted the sea ban。Hongwu 17 years，To prevent and control the invasion，Zhu Yuanzhang "Destiny the Guogong Soup and Tour Zhejiang、Fujian coastal city，Forbidden people enter the sea fishing "。Visible，The restrictions on the fishing of coastal fishery in the early Ming Dynasty are quite severe，And this limit is closely related to the Ming Dynasty's anti -Japanese policy。

，Taking the seventeenth year of Yongle (1419) "Wang Haiyu Dajie" as a sign，Fundamental twisting in the situation of anti -倭，The sea area that was strictly prohibited in the early Ming Dynasty gradually let go。Ming Yingzong period，The Ministry of Criminal Ministry of the Ministry of Criminals, Wei Yuan, met a "more than a thousand households in the coastal people，Shipbuilding into the sea fishing，Private outside the country，Cases that do not return after the month。After the arrest of some illegal fishermen, Wei Yuan，I did not rush to convict，Instead, "call the people to inquire"。Facing the fisherman's "fish in the sea，Non -ship cannot get fish，Why does the fish class come out? "" People of the Oceanic，Poverty，Nothing to make a day，Do not return after the month，Why do wives survive? "Covenant，Then I made a "person who did not goes on，Rope with the law，Decisive of Yu Judu Release "，So as "the people of the people"。Visible，Ming Yingzong period，Officials have begun to flexibly change the traditional "sea ban" policy。

This case can eventually make the results of the processing of "all interpretation"，Decisions of the Ministry of Criminal Book Wei Yuan。Visible，At this time, the central government of the Ming Dynasty still dare not neglect about "ban fishing"。With the successful conclusion of the "going to the sea" incident,，The central government has begun to pay attention to the survival dilemma of Binhai residents。Since then，In the second year of the orthodox (Bet365 app download 1437) of the Ming Dynasty, the "Inspection Division of various places、Hebo，Tour the defense officer army "，Published "" Linglu fish, shrimp, sea vegetables produced in the shallow water on the beach，Residents can take food ... The regulations that are not blocked。This can be said to be the preliminary loosening of the ban on the banner of the Ming Dynasty。

　　coastal scholars reflect on the sea ban policy

In the middle of the Ming Dynasty to drop，Scholars and officials in coastal areas based on their own life experience，Makes their own cognition and interpretation of the sea ban policy。This aspect shows the thirst of the coastal crowd on breaking through the sea ban policy，On the other hand, it also provides the basis for the "prohibition of fishing orders" for the Ming court.。During the Jiajing period，Hu Zongxian talked about the discussion of Fujian coastal governance strategies，"Fa Gu Yan Yan，Ranbin people living with the sea，Parking Shrimp，Those who can't help "。

Taicang Statager Wang Yan, who is active in the middle and early period of the 16th century，I also talked about it when reviewing the situation of the Ming Dynasty's sea defense，"For 10080 years，People of the Sea Binna，Raw toothed，All relying on fishermen as living，Month of the yellow croaker every time you encounter，Giant ship thousands，All are banned，Everyone's desire，It is difficult to do，Unbearable love "。Chen Renxi, a Jiangsu person from the official to Guozi Jianjiu wine, in the "Emperor's World Law Records"，Re -explained the concept of the "sea ban": "The meaning of the ancestors stops the private passage of the two -mast vessels。"So，He believes "the so -called‘ inch board is not allowed to go to the sea ’，Nai Ocean entering the country also，Non -Nussin Cross -Sea Capture in Inland Sea，Trafficking in the neighboring province also "。At the same time，Yongjia Xiang Qiao also pointed out: "The ban on private ships at the beginning bet365 best casino games of the country is very strict，or think of the people's interests，It should not be banned ... This solid can also be a small and light boat, "。Fujian officials and civilians seem to have already left behind the bans to go out of sea。According to the Book of Fujian in the early 17th century, "Changle Binhai，There is a profit of fish salt ... Funing Prefecture ... Southeast Sea，The genus of fish and salt snail clams，No Jia and Foot，Although the year old is not hungry ... the people of the coast of Quanzhou，Fish and shrimp to win the clam，Surgery rice。"From this we can know，"Forbidden sea" is a common appeal for local people and officials of coastal people and officials to some extent。

　　Fisheries tribute to highlight contradictions

For the people of the Ming Dynasty, the people of the Ming Dynasty，The existence of fish and rice classes and the pressure of tributes also make some people "walk and go to the sea"。According to Hongzhi、The Biography of Si Xu Gong, Fujian, Fujian in the Zhengde period，"Period 800，Na Grain Eight Stone，Six hundred materials Liu Shi，The rest is for differences "。Under such standards，The fish food in Fuqing County in the early Ming Dynasty was about four thousand stones。With "more years of more，Old Household Day Eliminates，and the new household day long，Fundevania "is generally emerged，To the middle of the Ming Dynasty，The county has a huge gap in nearly "three thousand stones"。To fill the huge difference，Fishermen will privately catch a large -scale ocean -catching in private，To expand income，Fill in the loss of the fish and rice courses。Local officials not only do not restrict this，Even secretly providing convenience for them。

In some areas，The pressure of fish and rice clas。For example，Hainan region after the middle of the Ming Dynasty，Replace it directly with a discount silver。But "fish tribute" must "take the confession、Fruit Supply Feed "，The bet365 live casino games coastal place is therefore "annoying"。Ming Yingzong Tianshun two years (1458)，Weng Shaozong, who prepared the Governor of the Chinese Army, encountered a similar incident，and point out that there are contradictions in "Yu Gong" and "Forbidden Sea"。Weng's survey on the field，Shibu Port in Jiaxing Mansion is located near Zhoushan fishing ground in Dadonghai Fishing District，Very suitable stone first fish group foraging、egg delivery。Therefore，In the early Ming Dynasty，But there was a policy of "not allowing fishing vessels to cross the sea" policy at that time，So the local lack of yellow croaker is recommended。Is the year，The ships fishing yellow croakers are intercepted by the naval army and asked for money，Finally led to missed fish flood，Unable to pay "yellow croaker tribute"。After the boat households expressed the reason for Weng Shaozong，His method of handling is "This is now widening，Do not ask，Punishment for one year，Linger Self -Minute "，On this basis, "If you don't change it again，Oblock I am in an accident，Self -obtaining trouble，Never escape "。

Visible，In the face of the two options of "stop supply" and "fishing"，Weng Shaozong tends to let go of the restrictions of capture。Since then，The list of fishery tributes of Wenzhou Prefecture is full of deep -sea fish in Zhoushan fishing ground -Shishou、Pass、Eel、鲻、鮸、Last、Huangmiao, etc.。Under the cover of "legal coat"，East China Sea Fishing Area, especially fisheries in northern Zhejiang,，There is a trend of breaking the official management and control。

　　Fisheries will be prosperous when you let go of the sea forbidden

Eleven years of Hongzhi (1498)，Emperor Ming Xiaozong issued the latest auxiliary law order，Regulations: The coastal people of the driver's single boat are used to collect firewood or catch fish and shrimp，"The arrest officer's flags are not allowed to disturb"。This move is a key opportunity for Bet365 lotto review the development of marine fishery in the Ming Dynasty。Since then，Jiajing Four years (1525)，Zhejiang Tour according to the imitation of Royal Shi Pan's book, suggesting "Fresh boats made by coastal residents，No destruction "，Get the Central Government's first Ken。This marks the full release of fishing operations from offshore to ocean on the official level。Since then，The Ming Dynasty marine fisheries ushered in a new stage of development，This can also reflect the attitude of gradually opening the sea ban from the side。

After the sea forbidden during the Jiajing period is gradually let go，The northernmost end of the Yangtze River entrance，"Su Zhizhou County Chongming Juhai，and Taicang、Jiading、Changshu is all coastal ... multi -industrial fish salt "; the core area of ​​Zhoushan fishing ground" always sets the sea、Fengxiang One Belt，The poor lives with the sea，Swing boat to Chen Qian、Xiaba Mountain take shell meat、Laver，No Ten Thousands "。It can be seen that the scale of marine fisheries is huge。Based on this，Wang Yan, who has the Governor of Zhejiang and Fujian Military Affairs, recommends regulatory management of the capture vessels in a planned manner。For example，The boat of "The Original of the Coastal Popular Stove has a fish and shrimp，Take regular "register to the government，Give the card of the body "，"(fishing boat) to check the report。Except for small, not tax，The rest of the ruler，Editorial Number，Measures for Tax Taxes "，so as to achieve "people's self -enjoyment，It is expected to get in and out ...。Visible，Development of the folk marine fishery economy，It has caused the official thinking about its standardized management，not only reflects its scale and influence，It also shows the huge interest space behind。

To sum up，Marine fisheries are the lifeblood of the coastal crowd，But the sea ban policy in the early Ming Dynasty caught Bet365 lotto review the survival of the fishermen。Citizens and local officials in the coastal areas are constantly trying to break through the ban，so。The release of the "Ban Fishing Order" during the Ming Xiaozong period，The maritime policy of "inch plate sail is not allowed to go to the sea"，Injects great vitality into the fishery economy in the middle and late Ming Dynasty。

　　(This article is the "Social Sciences) Project" Under the Power of the Marine Power: Under the Social Sciences: In the Traditional Time: Protection and Governance of the Great East China Sea "(JAS19315) phase results)

(Author Unit: Marxist College of Xiamen Institute of Technology)