The completeness and maturity of the Han Dynasty post system guarantees the smooth flow of the government order，The unity of its management method has also increased the vitality of the social body，It can be regarded as a manifestation of political and cultural progress。In the Han Dynasty folk communication，There is a situation that uses the post -pass system，Officials as members of society，Naturally there are similar conditions。But，Officials are occupying transportation、Convenient conditions in traffic power and other aspects，Make public resources from certain infringement。The "traffic" with political colors used by the officials with the letter，It is a highly alert and strict prohibition of high -level ruling group。

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Hubei Yunmeng Sleeping Tiger Di No. 4 Qin Tomb unearthed with two pieces of wooden family fabrics。This is by far the earliest private letter in my country。No. 11 Muyu is a letter from the soldiers who fight in Huaiyang "Blackfu" and "shocked" to greet their family members and friends and ask for a letter from Xia Yi and Qian。The letter wrote: "Blackfu and other Naozo Huaiyang，Attack the anti -city long "，Involved in combat location and task。No. 6 Muyu is a letter written to "heart"，After the greetings, I also made money requests。Among them，It also revealed military conditions。"Blackfu" and "Amazing" sending a letter of family letter Huaiyang，This is Huaiyang, Henan today，About 430 kilometers from Yunmeng County, Hubei, Hubei。The way of transmission of these two wooden family facilities，is what we should inspect。

Juyan Hanjian also has a private message。For example，The letter from the famous Cao Xuanzhi's young grandson，is the specimen of the private book of the Han Dynasty。The content written in bet365 live casino games the letter，Involved in "plug", "governance", "sending", and "the messenger of the soldiers" or not to "get" "to" and other border military conditions。This typical Han Dynasty letter，It is about to post through the form of "Book of Books".。The sender has the convenience of dealing with official affairs because of the waiting official，The traffic conditions of the candidate were used。Another letter written by Cao Xuan，Send to Dongfang, which is more than 40 miles away from its、Feng Xiao "Erqing"。Cao Xuan hopes that the other party can do more letters，"Send a book to the time to ask the sound and the sound is fast and the sound is fast"。Letter transmission method，​​Is "the sixth tunnel died Du Cheng、Li Hou often plays the capital "。The same area is similar，You can "Say the Sound of the Book Time"。Juyan Shuxin Jianzhong can also see the so -called "Dao Yuan Nuci Book"。A private message unearthed from the Greater Bay，There are also "Digital Send Books" and "Come Sending Books".，Submitted by the letter，There are living consumer products such as "rice" and "meat" ("Juyanhan Sanjia B" B attached 51)。This letter is to thank the other party ’s“ thick legacy ”greeting and take the opportunity of“ Changan of the Royal History ”to send a letter to the gift，Gifts include "Wild Mastory" and so on，"With the Small Shengsheng"。Juyanhan Jian can also see the example of sending clothes。Probably directly or indirectly use the convenience of the post conditions to transfer the book letter，Is the general situation of the military and political system。Private love and private objects will be given to，It is also a natural manner。

The Song of the Southern Song Dynasty Shenghong's "Jingzhou Ji"，Recorded such a well -known story: Lu Kai "Send Plum Blossoms from Jiangnan", "Chang'an" and Fan Ye，Gift poems: "Folding flowers Fengyiyi，Send and Longtou。There is nothing in Jiangnan，Talk to send a branch bet365 Play online games spring。"Later，"Ziyi Plum Blossom" and "Post Send Plum Blossoms" become a cooked code for people。information transmitted by "post"，has surpassed the specific material level，Improving the shallow -level thoughts，It has the meaning of sex communication。In the poem of the future,，Jin Dynasty Liu Zhongyin "Who Tao Jiang Meiyi Xin Chi" ("Mei")、Yelu Chucai, Yuan Dynasty, "Breaking the Jiangnan Wangyi Chen" ("Passing the Second Tan Huai Er")、Ming Dynasty Liu Xia "Yiqi Meihuoling Road Chun" ("Said Fan Shi Meng Back to Beijing"、Chen Weisong in the Qing Dynasty "Sanchun Go half，Semi -Fuyou Pavilion and the Post Studio "(" Decreasing Magnolia Orchids · Two Tuchuan Tuchuan "), etc.，Both the beautiful association of "post" and "plum blossoms"，Calling friendship with interpersonal spring。The two parties of the communication are likely to achieve a higher realm of "Interest and Fast"。Therefore, there are also said that the station is "Meiyi" or "Meihuayi"。There are already famous sentences in Tang poetry that say "Yixie" transmission information and physical objects。For example, Li Bai's "Zi Ye Wu Ge Four" Qi Qi: "，One night flocculation robe。Suishand pumping needle cold，That Kanka scissors。Tailors send distant roads，A few days to Linyu。"Wei Yingwu's" Three Turks "poem also said that the post made" sending the clothes "。These are all reminded us of the private books that Qin Yue asked for clothes to be passed by "Yiyi"。

　　Chen Zun's "Treatment of Private Books" hundreds of blocks

Under normal circumstances，Officials occupy more convenient communication conditions with their superior social status，The situation of their private book transmission system transfer system is very common。"Han Book" Volume 92 "Ranger Biography · Chen Zun" said: "Wang Mang Suqi Zuncai，Multi -known person for reign，繇 繇。Both to the official，Dangdang from Stixi，Ten people of Zhao Shanshu，Book of Private Books bet365 best casino games Xie Jingshi。遵 遵，Provincial officials，Provincial officials，Hundreds of books，Dear sparse intention，Henan Amazing。"Chen Zun once" Treatment of Private Books "," Hundreds of Blocks "，caused "Henan to start"。This is the opportunity to use "Dangdang from Shixi"，"The old man Xie Jingshi Xie Jingshi"。"Private Book" is "passed from history" from westward，It is clear that it can be used by the traffic conditions of the post.。So，As a result of "surprise" is the reason for the abuse of national traffic resources。Chen Zun "Zhao Shan Shi Ten People First，Treatment of Private Books "，and "From History" carrying the "hundreds of" letter "West" lines without the popularity of the paper，Become a strange scenario in the history of Chinese letters。

"Private Book" in the officialdom，Most of the "Please entrustment" content。This kind of "private book" is found to be guilty，In severe cases, even the death penalty。"Hou Han Book" Volume 3 or 4 "Liang Song Biography" describes Zhang Jun's deeds with Liang Funzi "traffic": "Loose number is a private book, please ask the county and county，Two years，I find the free official。"" Private Book "passed through the official post，It may be the reason why it is easily found to be reported。"Han Book" Volume 93 "Xing Xing Biography · Shixian": "Zheng Ling Su Jianxian's private book，Play。"Hou Han Book" Volume 45 "Yuan Zhuan Biography" also described the situation of Zhang Jun and Yuan Yunzi "traffic": "Lang Zhuji、Ding Sheng will not repair it，Jun wants to play，Two people heard，Fear，Yilang Chenzhong、Lei Yi to please Jun，Jun Din listening，History of the Sales of Subsidies for the Communist Party，Make Shun Jun short，Get its private book and openness，Sui Ka on，All in jail，Dangdium。”

Official "No Private Book"，is a very rare special case。"Historical Records" Volume 1 Two -two "Cool Official Biography" says the capital of the capital: "Gong Lian，No private Bet365 app download book，Ask nothing，Please send nothing。Frequently claiming to be: ‘I have been more pro -relatives，Under the Dead of Dead Officer，In the end, disregard the wife。'"The so -called" double relatives "，Emphasized the law of politics "asking for nothing，Please send nothing "，Although "wife" is also the basic principle of "disregard"。"Arts and Culture Gather" Volume 58 quotes "Wu Lu" said，Wang Hong as the History of Jizhou Assassination，"No private book，Do not pay the pride "，So get the reputation of "Wang Du"。Also quoted "Lu Guoxian Biography" said，Kong Yan as Luoyang Ling，Put the water in the vestibular，Throw it in the private book，"Nothing"，So "Bouncing Gui Gui"，You can "avoid nothing"。The so -called "No Private Book"，It is a sign for Guan Qingzheng。"Hou Han Book" Vol.，For the official Qing Gong，No private book。"Do not ask" private books "to ask，It is also a manifestation of the clean official。"Hou Han Book" Volume June Fourth "Wu You Biography" Li Xian notes "Chen Liuli Old Biography": "Colleagues of Youzhi，Questions of selfless book，The Boss has no notes to respect。In Jiaodong，Book does not enter the Beijing division。”

but，From the other side,，From this, you can understand that the "private book" of the officialdom at that time was still frequent and there were still large numbers。These "private books" are naturally transmitted through national transportation facilities such as the post system。

　　"Private Book", "Transportation Private Book" crime

"Transportation Private Book" as a political term，Refers to the way of socializing at a certain social level，It is often used to accuse illegal communication with special purposes。This situation involves high -level power struggle，Often constitutes a felony。"Han Book" Volume 7 "Zhao Emperor Ji" Zai Yuanfeng's first year (80 years ago) October announced the following political incidents，General Zuo Shangguan、Dr. Yushi Sang bet365 best casino games Hongyang, etc.，The general does not listen，Resentment，Consultation with King Yan，Settlement of the posts "。So，"Yan Wang sent Shouxi Chief、Sun Zongzhi and other bribery princess、Ding outsider、Du Yannian、General Chief of General Shi Gongsun Rain，Transportation Private Book，Corporation of the Communist Party to order the princess for wine，Voltage kills generals，Zheng Li Yan King as the emperor，Da Nu Dao "。This coup is planned "The Messenger of the Daitian Mengzhuang first"，Inform Dagi Nongyang Fun，Yang Fun sued Doctor Du Yannian，Finally reported。"Proportion to smell。The Prime Minister's Ceremony Ren Palace Capture，Prime Minister Shao Shiwang Shoujun will enter the door，All have been Fubu。"Du Yannian afterwards、Yancang、Ren Gong、Wang Shouyin "All is the list"。This is a "rebellion" case competing for the highest power together。"Yan Wang" and the "traffic private letter" of the power of the Central DPRK，Same as Shangguan、Sang Hongyang "conspire with the king of Yan，Settlement of Receptions "to form an interaction。One of the important manifestations of this crime of "great reverse"，"Transportation Private Book"。"Transportation Private Book" and "Putting Posts"，Method of forming a special relationship of "Meeting"。

"Tong Private Book" and "Transportation Private Book" History of severe allegations，And "Hanshu" Volume 63 "Wu ​​Wuzi Biography · Guangling Li Wang Xuan": "The girl is the younger woman after the longevity of the king of Chu，Number of feedback，Tong Private Book。"Hanshu" Volume 80 "Xuanyuan Liu Wang Chuan · Huaiyang Constitution King Qin" also records the special relationship between Liu Qin and "Zhang Zhangbo"，Even "seeking repayment for the migrant for the blogger"，"The Prime Minister Royal Shi Ruqin:‘ Qian and Boshi Book of Private Book，Refers to the meaning of not the princely king，Meng Enbi，Before pardon。Repeat the citation without Bet365 app download regret，I think straight，Loss of the Faculty of the Faculture，Dis respectful '"。It can be known from "referring to unintentional princes"，"Private Book" has become a crime certificate。This is with the Shi Xian above、Zhang Jun is the same plot by the political opponent "to get his private book"。

These cases can be explained，Because the parties are in the power class，"Transportation Private Book" is not just a private relationship，And has important political and cultural significance。

　　(The author is the first -level professor of Renmin University of China、President of the Chinese Qin and Han History Research Association)