Looking at the Liao Dynasty，Although always maintains the mobility political center of four o'clock,，But the Wujing system has also been established to consolidate the rule of the country。As the first capital established in Songmou Prairie，Liao Shangjing is an important symbol that the Khitan dynasty shifted from nomadic nation to the cities of the city.，Discussion on its layout and planning concept，It is an important path for interpreting the political development of the city of the early Liao Dynasty。Development from Shangjing to Zhongjing，It also provides an important window for us to observe the spread and development of the city's capital culture。

　　bet365 live casino games Liao Shangjing is the politics of the Khitan imitation of the city of the Central Plains、Establish an important start of establishing a fixed political center for rule。From the perspective of archeological discovery and literature records，Liao Shangjing has obvious layouts eastward，It is mainly reflected in four aspects。First，The outline of the imperial city plane has certain symmetry，That is the East East、North、The three walls of the south are straight lines，and the west wall with the help of the west hillside Gaogang，Two or oblique inward at the ends of the north and south，Forming corner，Total plane layout is roughly east -directional architectural features。Next，Form the east gate of the imperial city、East -direction mid -axis。again，The east -direction layout of the ruins of the Xishan slope Buddhist temple。Last，The streets of the west side of the street No. 1 Street and the palace felt tent of the Miyagi is the eastward layout。

Nomadic people's thoughts of advocating the east and the sun for a long time，Wuyi、Rouran、Turks、Huiyi and other nations bet365 live casino games have traditions that are opened east，The Khitan dynasty also continued this custom。The Imperial City was built in the three years of the god book (918)，Gongcheng and Seoul (郛) were built in the first year of Tianxian (926) (Dong Xinlin: "Liao Shangshang Beijing Regulations and the Northern Song Tokyo Mode"，"Archeology" No. 5, 2019)。It can be known from the outline，The Emperor City was the layout of the eastward direction at the beginning of the construction。Shangjing Nai Liao's ancestor early bowl -West Tower is located，According to "The History of the Five Dynasties · Foreign Biography", the "Yishumen Gate of the House of Houses in the East，Like the method of car accounts "can be known，In addition to camps，There is still a fixed building，Also follow the customs that open the door east，Shangjing Huangcheng is established on this basis。Except West Tower，History books also include "Royal Turn East" ("Liao History · Bai Guanzhi") and "Fourth Floor Gate House All East" ("New Five Generation History · Siyi Appendix")，This indicates that the early form of the hunter on the fourth floor，The customs that respect the east of the camping setting。To the middle and late Liaoning，The layout of the bowl of the bowl still retains this feature，As seen by the Song Dynasty, the Shengzong Shiwan ("Khitan Customs"，"The Record of Liaoling and Jin"，Business Press 2017 Edition) and Shen Kuo saw Daozong Shiwan ("Xining Mochu Map"，"The Record of Liaoling and Jin"，Business Press 2017 Edition) The layout of the eastward direction。The Liao Dynasty Winter Winter Bowl site found in recent years，It also has the characteristics of the opening of the door to the southeast of the royal sleep area。Speaking，The custom of the East of the Khitan people not only retains in the national mobile political center -the layout of the bowl，And the planning and layout of the capital of the city also has a very important impact on the planning and layout of the city established by the Central Plains。

　　2，Liao Shangjing adapt to local conditions due to local conditions、Planning concept with the shape。Before the construction of Liao Shangjing，This area is the West Building of the ancestor hunting，Some fixed buildings have appeared。When the ancestor was in the Emperor City，It should be planned on the basis of considering the original building layout and felt account resetting area。Shangjing adapt to local conditions、The planning concept of followed by shape is mainly reflected in the following points。

First，About the building layout in the imperial city。Miyagi is not in the middle of the imperial city，Instead, it is northeast in the middle of the imperial city。Looking at the terrain of the imperial city，There are two natural high schools arranged north and south in the middle of the city，Here is in the palace city，And the south side of the hills on the south corresponding to the third courtyard of Miyagi。According to the "Liao History · Geography" record，Some districts of the Department of Dairy Department are distributed in the low place south of Miyagi。The ruins of the West Slope Buddha Temple with the height of the imperial city and the relics of the Chi Yuan on the north side of the low area can be known，The layout of the city is not symmetrical、regular，But in shape，Passing high and low。

Next，About the gate of the city and Miyagi。The gates of the imperial city and Miyagi are not symmetrical，and except for the east gate of the imperial city, it is roughly abroad，The rest of the door is not in the middle of the city wall，Instead of one side (Dong Xinlin: "Liaoshang Beijing Regulations and the Northern Song Tokyo Mode"，"Archeology" No. 5, 2019)。We speculate，When the construction of the Imperial City was built, the terrain and the original building layout were fully considered，In order to avoid the Ganggang of the West Sleeping slope，Build the west gate on the north of the west wall，Repair the south gate on the east of the south wall，then corresponding to the southern part of the central part of the city。The center of the north wall is slow，If you look at the distance from the east and west city walls，North Gate is in the middle position，bet365 Play online games It is easy to lead to Gao Gang, north of the city。other，The construction of Miyagi is later than the imperial city，In order to take into account the original building layout of the high school in the city，Therefore, it is not to choose from，but located in the northeast of the middle of the city。To make Miyagi City the gate as much as possible with the Gate of Huangcheng City，Can only build the west gate in the north of the west wall，The south gate is built west of the south wall，East Gate built on the south of the east wall。Although no door site was found，But the road of the north gate of Huangcheng leading to the north wall of Miyagi，Because archeological excavation is not carried out，It can’t be ruled out that it is a road from Gaogang Building, the central part of the Imperial City before the construction of Miyagi。

again，About the "Japanese" glyph layout。Shangjingbei is the imperial city，South is Hancheng，The construction of Seoul is later than the imperial city。This design concept of north -south division is not an imitation of the ancient system of the Central Plains，Instead, it is closely related to the background of the times of the people at that time。Longhua Prefecture, as an early base of Abao Machine，Its architectural process provides us with an important clue for us to understand this concept of division -based governance。"Liao History · Geography" contains: "Longhuazhou ... Dragon Ting ... Taizu ... Breaking North，Move its people，Jiancheng live。Next year ... Hundreds of households in the prison。God of God in the first year，East City，The system is magnificent。"Capture households were very common at the time，East City, which is added in Longhua Prefecture, is where the ruling class lives。This kind of division of the two cities is not a north -south pattern，But you can also see the impact on the construction of Beijing in the later period。other，Holden City on the south side of the imperial city is closer to the river at that time，Easy to use in urban production and living water。

Last，About the shape Bet365 app download of the West Wall of the Imperial City。The west hillside of the imperial city is the commanding height of the whole city，The middle section of the West City Wall is built on the west of the top of the hillside，It has not entered the entire hills into the city wall，This is not the lack of depth of defense on the west side of the building on the slope，It is exactly the use of Gao Gang，Forms a high defensive situation，At the same time, it can also resist the cold wind of winter and spring seasons to a certain extent。

Adactions to local conditions due to time、The planning concept with the shape is closely related to the living habits of the nomadic group，This is not only reflected in the layout of Liaoning Beijing，In the construction of the metropolitan capital, it also performed very prominently，It is important for our urban culture for our interpretation of the grassland nation。

　　Third, evolved from Liao Shangjing to Liaoning and Beijing.Unlike Shangjing，Liao Zhongjing as the capital cities established in the middle of the Liao Dynasty，Its imitation of the Central Plains Metropolitan System and Culture，The transformation from "eastward" to "north and south" was realized in the layout，In the planning concept, it has also been adapted from time to local conditions、Focusing on the form is to pay attention to regular order、Founder symmetrical transition。

The establishment of Zhongjing is an inevitable choice for the Liaoning to consolidate the rule，It is also an urgent need for the Song of Song after signing the alliance of the Yuanyuan。From the existing archeological discovery，Zhongjing's architectural characteristics are mainly reflected in the following points。

First，The plane layout of the city site changes from the east to north of the Shanghai Emperor City to the north and south，Yu's outer city、Inner City、Emperor City Composition，The layout is very regular，Layout from several temples in the imperial city，Design of Fang District and Gelah House on both sides of the central street of the city，all shows the characteristic feature Bet365 app download of the south -directional axis as the center of the axis。Next，Mie City only opens on the south wall。Last，The central axis that runs through the south gate of the three cities。This layout and plan is imitated from the Central Plains，Represents the Khitan people's understanding of the political politics of the Central Plains country、Knowing and Demolition。Liao Shengzong period，The establishment of Zhongjing City and the improvement of the might system，It can be said that the Khitan dynasty realizes the integration of agricultural and animal husbandry resources、An important symbol for further improvement of the country and the city。

Sitting north to south、There is a clear north -south axis、The building layout in the city is based on the central axis as the center left and right symmetry，It is an important feature that gradually formed in the development of the Central Plains Metropolitan System during the Han and Tang Dynasties，Reflecting the majesty of the concentration of the royal power。The planning ideas of the northern south of the capital of the Liao Dynasty do not start in Zhongjing，It exists when it is reconstructed in Shangjing。Liao Taizong period "according to Han，Yukai Emperor Temple，Piece Tianmen Gift，Due to the Emperor's Capital as Shangjing "(" Liao History · Geography ")。According to the current archeological discovery，"Pian Cheng Tianden" is likely to build a rammed earth pier and wooden gate tower (Wang Ying、Dong Xinlin: "Analysis of Liaoshangjing Imperial City and Gongcheng Gate Site"，"China Archeology" 2018, No. 6)。This renovation has not changed the layout of the east of Miyagi，However。At the time of Shengzong，Jianzhongjing's "The System of Divine God" to show the momentum of the great power，It is sitting north to south、The layout of the Chongcheng Set，Not only the imitation of the Tang and Song dynasty system，It is the orthodox identity of the Central Plains。

To sum up，From Taizu、Taizong Shi Shi Jincheng to the east of the capital、Planning of the division of north and south and the innovation of the Bet365 app download Chinese system "Pian Cheng Tianden's Gift" and "Reform the Emperor's Capital"，To the layout of the south of the south of the Shengzong Dynasty, the north of the north;，Go to Zhongjing City to learn and imitate the choice of the system and culture of the Central Plains City，Not only reflects the identity of the rulers of the Khitan in terms of material and consciousness, and the gradual strengthening of the centripetal force，It also shows the spread of the Central Plains farming culture and its huge influence on the Khitan nomadic country。

(Author Unit: School of History, Renmin University of China)