After the agent of the Song agent participated in the historical activity，Some theoretical kernels of Confucianism、Concept、category and methodology began to be widely used in historical comments。This not only provides a new theoretical path for the development of historical comments in the Song Dynasty，It also made a new theoretical definition and interpretation of historical comments at the level of ontology，thus promoted the theoretical development of historical comments in the Song Dynasty，Realized a more obvious theoretical improvement。

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Liu Zongyuan since the Middle Tang Dynasty、Liu Yuxi and others' "Heaven" articles break the mystery of "Tian"，Some Northern Song historians, including Ouyang Xiu、The thinker inherited the doctrine of "Heaven and Man"，The point of view of "Book of Heaven" was proposed，and practice in the field of historical reviews。For example，In "The History of the New Five Generations" and "The Correction Theory"，Repeatedly saying "Dark Dark" in the saying "Tiansheng A response" is not credible。With the rise of science，Other scholars regard the heavens as the cosmic body，The root cause of historical changes is the domination of heaven，The historical motivation theory of the historical process formed the historical process。They try to build a new view of "heaven and man united"，A new interpretation of the history of the people in the world of heaven and world and re -judgment that meets the standards of heaven。Leaf Retai、The Zhejiang East School, represented by Chen Liang and others，Then I believe that heaven cannot cover humanity，There is a mysterious priority body in opposition to heaven，Re -affirmed Bet365 lotto review the theory of "Heaven and Man"，It advocates the reasonable satisfaction of human desire to understand the development of society and history。This is based on the theoretical understanding of the scientists advocated by the scientists to regulate and guide social history，A sharp contrast formed。

When the Song people are discussing the prosperity and evolution of history，Gradually formed a "introverted" theoretical understanding。When some historians discuss some major events in history，With the deepening of exploration，More and more inclined to attribute the cause of the incident to internal factors，and continuously move the time point of the inducement。If the cause of the chaos of the Tang Dynasty，It is from the original Fangzhen、eunuch、Traitor、Women and other external factors，Gradually transition to personal factors such as "the unknown of the monarch"，Then to the ethical outline、Hearty、Customs and other abstract factors。This is the result of the historian who accepted the scientific teachings，No longer attributed the ultimate cause of the rise and fall of chaos to politics、Military and other specific factors，Instead, it is attributed to the personal cultivation of the monarch，Especially the introverted self -introspection at the ethical and moral level。Deepening phenomenon of this factor entity and node forward movement，We borrowed from the statement of Chinese scholar Liu Zijian's expression of the transformation of Chinese culture and called it "introverted"。

The rise of science has made the metaphysical concept of "luck" began to be widely used in explaining the prosperity and decline in history，and summarize the evolution of history as "one rule must be chaotic，Treatment of another chaos "，This cognition belongs to the category of historical cycle theory。Although the law of historical evolution is explained bet365 live casino games by the law of transportation，and a layer of mysterious theory color，But a scientist transplanted the "luck theory" in the universe view in historical reviews，To explain the cause of the rise and fall of the dynasties in the past，Obviously a progress。This is not only an improvement in historical thinking，It is the theoretical improvement of historical comments。

　The level of consciousness and concept

Before the Song Dynasty，Surgery consciousness and identification consciousness have already appeared and developed。The two Song Dynasty，More special external environment and the historical reality of "poverty and weak"，Make the Song people's sorrow consciousness and the theory of the precepts deeper and dignified，and realized the theoretical sublimation。If the Song people know the consciousness of sorrow，At first, it started from various specific factors that possibly endured the long -term security of the Song Dynasty，Emphasize to prevent micro -Du Jie，Mainly prevention of "things" first。but，With the rise of "righteousness" and "governing the mind" such as "seeking"，Feelings gradually moved towards the abstract level that the monarch can only be "presented to the presence"。This combines the "learning of mind and nature" into the sense of sorrow，The emphasis is "destroying the inner desire"，That is from "things" to "heart" first。Learning Consciousness is also the same，It is also "good can be method at the real level，Evil can be ring "，Gradually to the abstract level that emphasizes the main "frequent heart of fear"。Therefore，Under the influence of many factors such as external environment and science，The theory of worry consciousness and theory of the precepts in ancient Chinese historical reviews，A more significant theoretical sublimation was achieved during the Song Dynasty。

Whether it is orthodox or Yixia View，All of the core concepts of ancient Chinese history，It has bet365 best casino games an important position in the history of the development of ancient Chinese historical reviews。"Orthodox Theory" as the ideological system and theoretical concept of integration of historical thoughts and political thoughts，In essence, the combination of Confucian ethics and morality as the fundamental historical philosophy and political philosophy。The two Song Dynasty，Different from the continuity of Song De and the complex ethnic relationship，Make the Song people's understanding of orthodox theory more complicated multi -judgment standards，orthodox theory under the influence of "Spring and Autumn" "Spring and Autumn"、orthodox theory under the influence、orthodox theory under the influence of "Yixia Guan"、"History of Jianjian" ideas under the influence of the thoughts and orthodox theory under the influence of science。where，Especially under the influence of science is the most obvious theory，and built new orthodox theories such as "Tongtong Theory" and "No Tan"。If these diversified judgments are a new historical conceptual new theory，Then the new orthodox theory that appeared on this basis achieves the creation and development of the theoretical level of "orthodox theory"。As for Yi Xiaguan，As a collection of the integration of national concept and national historical view as an ancient Chinese historical review，The prominent manifestation in the Song Dynasty is: regardless of the traditional concept of fertile summer defense，Still to the concept of "people like Chinese"，Or the concept of "self -cultivation and then Xia Shengyi" proposed by a scientist，On the surface, it is opposite and even conflict with each other，3453_3471、National Spirit against division。This is an important theoretical content from ancient Chinese historical reviews to the development of ancient Chinese history in the Song Dynasty.。

　Purpose, methods and standards

bet365 live casino games A valid recognition of historical objective ones from many aspects such as the purpose of cognition and cognition，It is an important prerequisite for historians to conduct historical review activities。historians of the two Song Dynasty、Many groups such as scientists and other groups in terms of historical epistemology，Whether it is the purpose of the historical understanding or the methodology of the historical understanding，All have a more obvious theoretical nature summary。If the purpose of historical cognition，The purpose of the historical comments made by the Song people can be summarized as the history of history、Paying evil and persuasion and saving time。In terms of methodology in history，In the middle of the Northern Song Dynasty, most of them summarized and discussed through specific historical facts。Later，Academic impact began to pay more attention to the theoretical summary of the macro level，It advocates the use of the concept of concept of "knowledge to know" to explore and summarize the grand historical issues such as "Zhi Zhi"，and intend to take some doctrine in science、Perspective as methodology to use，Such as "qualitative theory", "polite theory", "original mind", etc.。It can be said，The Song people in the purpose and method of historical understanding，Completed the theoretical summary from the concrete to abstract theory，Realized the further development of historical epistemology at the theoretical level。

In addition to paying attention to historical events and historical phenomena，Also pay more attention to historical figures。The two Song Dynasty，Historical comments on the evaluation criteria of historical figures have gradually formed three judgments: "change", "strange", "new" judgments，The science standards of "Tianli -Righteousness"，Pay attention to the anti -rational standards of work and use。Among Bet365 lotto review them, the judgments of "change", "strange", "new" are represented by "Three Su" and other people;、Zhu Xi and other scientists are represented by scientists; the counter -rational standards that pay attention to the work and use are represented by the Zhejiang East School。Among these standards，The science standards of "Tianli -Persistence" are more speculative，Good at raising historical issues to the level of philosophy，Or pushing morality rationally to political order，promoted the theoretical level of historical reviews。But scientists regard the ideal constructed "Tiandan View" and "Internal Saints and Outside King" ideal as the own rule of objective history，Even the development of historical history，I do not know that people discuss the social reality of historical figures in the world，Blind the purpose of moral evaluation，This is easy to cause flowing in the air、Disadvantages from actual。But，Historical figure evaluation standards and principles formed under the influence of science，But it is further innovation and summary on the basis of previous historical characters，It contains new content，Greatly enriched and developed the evaluation theory of historical figures in ancient Chinese historical comments。

Generally speaking，Ancient Chinese historical comments developed until the Song Dynasty，Improvement of its theoretical level，The reasons are of course many aspects。And，The Song Dynasty historical comments under the influence of science are indeed sparsely sparse、Rigid side。But it is undeniable that，Some theoretical cores of Dangdang in Dangtu、Concepts and categories and methodology gradually penetrate into historical comments，It has also effectively promoted the improvement of historical reviews in the Song Dynasty，Make the historical comments of the Song Dynasty present a rich and diverse theoretical characteristics，It has the significance of inheritance in the history of the development of ancient Chinese historical reviews。

(This article is the "Research on the Research bet365 Play online games on the Ancient Chinese History Review" (19SKGC-QT03) of the Central University of Overseas Chinese University)

(Author Unit: College of Marxism University of Overseas Chinese University)