1822，French scholar Shang Beliang successfully interpreted the pictographic text，marks the birth of Egyptian learning。For two centuries，Egyptian studies are always in the academic position because of the particularity of its research objects，In archeology、Language、Text、History、Building、Art、Literature and other fields have achieved fruitful results。Egyptian studies provide rich historical materials for the construction of ancient Egyptian civilization，Personal samples for human cognition of humanity，I made important contributions to international academic progress，It has become the right to build international academic discourse in various countries、Downs important platforms of their respective cultural identity。In the construction of a discipline system of philosophy and social sciences bet365 Play online games with Chinese characteristics、The current of the academic system and discourse system，Sort on the academic journey of Egypt's studies over the past two hundred years、Reflecting its historic experience、Looking forward to its development trend，It undoubtedly has important significance。

　Bet365 lotto review Ancient Egyptian civilization lasted from around 3000 BC to the mid -7th century，However, the ancient Egyptians did not study and write the tradition of history，The Egyptian History written by Egyptian priest Menneo in the early 3rd century BC is a product affected by Greek culture。From the 5th century，Egyptian Local Language gradually stops using，The glorious civilization of ancient Egypt was drowned in the long history。In the next 1,000 years，People are mainly through the sporadic records of classical writers during the Greek and Rome period，Understand the one -sided scattered ancient Egyptian civilization history。Since modern times，More and more travelers spread what they have seen in Egypt to Europe，Attributoring people's attention to ancient Egyptian culture。1798，Napoleon Expeditionary Egypt，Open the ancient civilization door that has been opened for a long time，Cultural relics and paintings of exotic style are passed back to France，spread to all parts of Europe，Stimulated people's enthusiasm for ancient Egyptian civilization，The academic community has set off an upsurge of deciphering ancient Egyptian text。1799，The discovery of the Rosa stone monument provides a key material for the decipher of the ancient Egyptian text。Shang Boliang has the advantage of mastering a variety of ancient languages，By comparing the ancient Greek inscriptions on the Rosa stone monument and Wang Ming in the inscription of ancient Egyptian sanctuary，Successfully decippped the password of the ancient text，Find the key to the "return" ancient Egyptian civilized society。As a comprehensive specialist subject to study the history of ancient Egyptian civilization and society，Egyptian learning was born。

Throughout the 19th century，Italy、Germany、France、Scholars of the United Kingdom and other countries，such as Berzini、Lephus、Maspallo、Maspallo、Peteri, etc.，Ecstasy into the academic undertakings of the interpretation of ancient Egypt's language interpretation and archeological excavation of monuments，Examine and record ancient Egyptian historical relics，Copy the inscription of the monuments，Improve the Egyptian grammar in the process of continuous interpretation of the text，Enhance the number of text reading，Study many important historical issues，Build the basic face of ancient Egyptian history。British scholar Peterri's sequence age and "Egyptian History"、American scholar Bassted's "The History of Ancient Egypt: From the Pioneer to Persia Conquest"，It is a summary of the achievements of Egypt's academic achievements in the 19th century，It is also the opening of the Egyptian journey in the 20th century。

After entering the 20th bet365 live casino games century，Egyptian Study Research Kaige forward。British scholar Sir Gudner's "Egypt grammar"、Five volumes of the Egyptian Dictionary compiled by German scholar Elman and Grapo and others，is the major achievement of Egyptian studies，greatly promoted the development of international Egyptian learning。Discovery of the Tomb Tomb of the Pharaoh、The construction of the Aswang dam and the rescue excavation of the rescue and the overall migration of the Abu Sinsle Temple，Push Egyptian archeology to orgasm。After the 1970s，The prevalence of settlement archeology、In -depth study of language research，Continuously provide new materials for academic research，Let people form a new insight in ancient Egyptian civilization。Current，Source about Egyptians、Origin of the Egyptian civilization、Egyptian historical development stage、The Egyptian Dynasties change、Pyramid、Religion, etc.、Temple、Literature、Religion, etc.，Many consensus has formed in the academic community，British scholar Ian Xiao's "The History of Ancient Egypt" can be described as a collection of Egyptian study research results。

Reading from the ancient Egyptian text after another，Clarity of historical events after another，Successful writing to the history of ancient Egypt，All are the wisdom crystals of scholars in various countries，is the result of the study of Egyptian learning and realistic research。For an ancient civilization that has no historical tradition，This historical factor reconstruction is important。Of course，Archaeologists、Language writer、Historians, etc. are using new technology for historical facts，Provide inexhaustible materials for the development of Egyptian studies。

　　Second, as a request for Egyptian.The study of specific problems is an academic path of Egyptian learning，But it is by no means the only way。From the middle of the 20th century，Egyptian scientists have begun to explore ancient Egyptian historical laws on the basis of being realistic。

bet365 best casino games Wangquan is a core significant topic，Many scholars are interested in it。The 1940s and 1950s，American scholar Henry Frank Ford inspected the various expression forms and sources of the ancient Egyptian king's sacred attributes，Discussion of the change of power and authority of French Pharaoh，Emphasizing the important significance of the research of kingship for understanding the ancient Egyptian civilization and even the nearby civilization。90s，The book "Ancient Egypt's King" edited by American scholar Ou Conner and others，From the perspective of combining macro and micro，Reveal the essence of the royal power，Analysis of the regular impact of the power game of kingship and the priest group on the change of the dynasty。

The 1930s，Affected by the theory of anthropological rituals，A. M. Blackman explores the relationship between ancient Egyptian mythology and ritual，Emphasize the description of mythology on ritual，It is believed that the religious ritual of nearly east -eastern religious rituals reflects the diffusion process of the near -east cultural model。This view has triggered fierce discussion，Egyptian academic community also launched the argument。With the controversy，Scholars are increasingly combining ancient Egyptian religious rituals with kingship and society，It is believed that the ritual played an important role in the relatively stable development of ancient Egyptian society。

70s，Scholars have begun to pay attention to the historical consciousness and cultural memory of the ancient Egyptians。Canadian scholar D. B. Rydeford According to Pharaoh's name、Yearbook、Japanese Book and Mamine's "Egyptian History" remnants，I believe that the ancient Egyptians have no tradition of writing history，but have historical consciousness，Record in a brief way to record the historical events they think are important。British scholar B. J. Kamen anatomy ancient Egyptian civilization from an ideological perspective，Give ancient Egyptian utensils and rituals with bet365 Play online games ideological functions，Explore the law of stable development of ancient Egypt's royal rights。German scholar Yang Astmann Congwen、Belief and other aspects to examine the cultural memory of ancient Egyptians，I believe that the ancient Egyptians are holding a cold memory，The a perfect state of kingship and society during the formation period of the Egyptian unified country，Instead of pursuing and repeating this perfect society in the history，and use it as one of the reasons for explaining the ancient Egyptian royal rights for more than 3,000 years。

　Third, as an Egyptian study.Western scholars from the king's right、Ceremony、Cultural memory and other angles explore the inherent logic and laws of the development of ancient Egyptian social development。The research object of Egyptian studies is ancient Egypt，That is the ancient Egyptian history。Egyptian studies with regular discussion，Although it can be made in the family，But if you discuss the discussion of pure academic issues, regardless of the time and society where the researchers are located，So for people outside Egypt or scholars other than Egyptian disciplines，It is inevitable that there is a feeling of "watching the scenery"。

British historian Colinwood believes，All history is the history of thought，History is "Living Past"。His meaning is that historical research lies in thought，Thinking about historical events from the present and ancient thinking，Gives an objective and regular interpretation that meets the needs of contemporary reality。Actually，This is the same as the traditional Chinese history "Jian Gu Zhijin、The Pursuit of Sutra "is consistent，That is "the ancients of the doubt now，I don’t know the coming of the view "，"To the ancients，So know today "。

Chinese Egyptian Studies Research in the Strict sense began in the 1980s，It was one and a half century later than the Western Egypt。but，Chinese Egyptian Studies have taken historical research as the starting point from the beginning，For the purpose of understanding bet365 Play online games the law of human society，Pay attention to combining it with the development of Chinese history，Study the origin of ancient Egyptian countries and civilization、slavery、Land System、Funeral customs、Dynasties change and historical changes。These studies have both the characteristics of the times，There are also academic characteristics。Discussion on the issue of "Oriental Autocracy" in the 1990s，It has a strong practical significance。

American scholar Weitf proposed the concept of "Oriental Authorism" in the 1950s，distorted ancient Oriental history。From the 1980s，Its point is still affecting the academic community in Europe, America and even in my country。Starting from the history of multiple civilizations，Refucaries on this hypothesis。Some scholars use ancient Egyptian historical facts，Revealing the fallacy of water controlistism，Fundamentally denied this wrong study theory，Then it expands to the study of the processes and social evolution laws of ancient Egyptian civilization。Since the 1990s，Chinese Egyptian scholars against ancient Egyptian culture、Text、Foreign Relations、Economic model and other issues research，closely combining international Egyptian learning development with the real needs of my country's social reality，A response to practical problems and academic issues，It aims to propose the academic thinking of Chinese scholars on the development of ancient Egyptian civilization and social development。

Discussion on major theoretical issues，Need to stand in the long river of human long history、Placed in the overall situation of the world，from near and far、from near and far，can we draw wisdom in the in -depth thinking of history、Towards the future。This requires my country's Egyptian academic community to stand for the moment、Look at the past、Face for the future，Summarize the gains and losses of the governance of the ancient Egyptians，Reveal the root of the rise and fall of ancient Egypt's civilization，Proposal bet365 Play online games with Chinese characteristics、Chinese style、The doctrine of Chinese Qi School，Effects with international influence、The thoughts that reflect the needs of the times，Build an international discourse system for Chinese Egyptian learning in the new era，Contribute academic wisdom for the Chinese dream of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation。

(This article is the major project of the National Social Science Foundation "Research on the Organization of Administrative Literature in the New Kingdom of Ancient Egypt" (18dza206)

(The author is a professor at the School of History of the University of China)