Official's vacation system has sprouted during the pre -Qin period，The two Han Dynasty was officially established，In the future, all dynasties will continue to improve。The political system of the Ming Dynasty was based on the inheritance of the previous generation，Further improves maturity，The vacation system of officials of the Ming Dynasty is also more complete。The author is mainly based on historical materials such as "Minghui", "Minghui Yao" and "History of Ming Dynasty"，Revealing its outline。

　　Bet365 lotto review The vacation of officials in the Ming Dynasty can be roughly attributed to two categories from the reason: one is the prescribed，Including legal effects and agreed culprit，Another type is random。Standardized vacation mainly has case leave、Divisions and sick leave。

The official leave of the officials of the Ming Dynasty，is the legal rest day，Including holidays and festivals。Legal holidays are also known as Xiu Mu，This system has appeared as early as the Han Dynasty，At that time, officials took a day for vacation every five days，Called "Five Days"，Tang Gaozong period，Change "Five Days and One Hit" to "Xunxiu"，This system was used in the Song Dynasty。The Ming Dynasty is different according to the status of official status，Give different legal holidays。Sui Ji Shi, who is respecting identity，"Five days and one break";，On the first and fifteenth holidays of each month。The Ming Dynasty also has a vacation system，Ming Xuanzong has implemented a system of "Shoubai Guan Xun Xun"。

The legal festival of the Ming Dynasty is: "Every year every year, Zhengdan Festival，From the beginning of the first day，Five days of holidays for civil and military officials，Winter Solstice Status Day is the beginning，Three days of holidays。Yongle seven years，The Lantern Festival starts from the 11th of the Lantern bet365 Play online games Festival，Give Hundred Official Day holidays 10 days。""，The legal festival in the Ming Dynasty also includes Dragon Boat Festival、Mid -Autumn Festival，It can be said，The Ming Dynasty's regulations on the statutory holidays are quite complete。If there is a special situation，Public holiday will be canceled，Three years of Hongzhi (1490)，Visests in the country，Ming Xiaozong Lie Culture and Wu Guan to self -reflection，and canceled the second year's Lantern Festival festival。This record has appeared many times in the Ming Dynasty。

Division is an important item for the vacation system，wide range、Strict regulations。The leave of the Ming Dynasty mainly includes the provincial relative、Ancestor、Moving burial、Treatment of Parenting Parents、Send my parents、Sending the child and the marriage of the child and the marriage。Time of leave，It is stipulated during the Hongwu years as one month，Far away from the distance，Give the time to return the distance，Later, the time was extended，Regulations of the Hongzhi period，"Two Beijings give fake sacrifice officials，Except for the back to the water,，Xu at home for two months "。For major things，The holiday given is longer，If an official Ding You (the officials who are filial piety for the dead parents) are generally 27 months，Not counting the month，This is an important manifestation of officials to keep filial piety。Different from other leaves，Ding You generally will not be limited，But there are special circumstances that appear in special circumstances。If the parents of officials die，The government can’t find an official who replaces him，There will be a situation of "seizing love"，Allow officials to be in any guard。Another，Some officials have special regulations for the conservation time，Ruqin Tian Supervisor、craftsman, etc.。

The sick leave classification of officials in the Ming Dynasty is very fine，"Minghui Dian" Volume 13 of the "accident" strip has a detailed record。Beijing Officer、Yu Shi、Bet365 lotto review Jinshi、Different provisions of the sick leave of foreign officials，The rights they enjoy are different，The punishment for its illegal control is even more important。Beijing officials are sick，According to Jiajing Sixth Year (1527) Direction，"Reality of the Ministry of Officials，Put it back as usual。Ruo Tuo Di Disease，Fu Tongbao survey，Those who can't go to office in the disease，One -in -one "。During the Longqing period，Application procedures for sick leave are more cumbersome and strict，For the illegal Beijing official，or ordering it，or investigated。Foreign officials are sick，During the Hongwu period，Regardless of size，Not allowed to raise illness，During the Chenghua period，Only changed。

The random vacation of officials of the Ming Dynasty is mainly leave，Most of them are the emperor's favor and reward for the ministers。During the Hongwu period，Zhu Yuanzhang gave Liu Ji many times、Song Yan and others to support the holidays。Yongle Seven Years (1409) first month，"Give the Chao Dynasty to the Beijing official Lantern Festival leave，Starting from the 11th of the first month，to 20 days，Do not go to the dynasty for ten days、No matter what happens，Listen to the people to put the lights，Steady Night Forbidden "，Since then became a convention。"Emperor Mingming Order" record，During the Xuande period，"Huanyu Clear，Shi and Sui Feng "，Xuanzong has given fake leave outside the statutory holiday five times，Two days after the three -day holiday of the winter solstice plus seven days，Three times in addition to the 10th day holiday of the Lantern Festival，The longest in Xuande Ninth year (1434) Lantern Festival is one month。

From the above you can know，Ming Dynasty official vacation system is a mature but continuous trimming、Comprehensive system。Just as the "Minghui Code" Volume 5 "Give the Fake" record: "Give the Fake，Old only provincial relatives、Ancestor、Moving burial，Later, there are parents who treat their parents' funeral、Send my parents、Bet365 lotto review Send the child and the marriage and other items。”

　　Second, the characteristics of vacation.The vacation system of the Ming Dynasty officials compared with previous dynasties，Not only meticulous classification，and there are strict and sound rules and regulations，It is mainly manifested in the following aspects。

First，There are strict vacation procedures。I experienced it from Song to Tight、Development from Jane to Fan。As "Hongwu Ding，Internal and external officials give fake migrant funerals，Play all by yourself，Take from the tail "，That is, officials can apply for vacation on their own。Later，More and more transactions，Officials' leave procedures are getting stricter and stricter，Ru "Longqing Five Years Discussion，Two Jing to fake relatives、Delivery、Migration official，All want the gates of the gates of the Indian official research，Fangzhong Questions Fit back。Six -year discussion，If you are a hand -printed officer, no one player，Please self -play "。Official holiday expires，Also "Back to Back"。Visible，The procedures for the Ming Muzong period changed，After the leave procedures, there is no big change in the leave procedures。Ming Dynasty officials apply for leave、Disease leave must perform strict leave procedures，Otherwise, it will be severely punished。

Next，Limited limited。The qualifications of officials in the early Ming Dynasty are not strict，Expressing over time，The political system is getting more and more complete，The qualifications for officials for officials have also been established。If officials sacrifice their ancestors，"Eleven years of Chenghua (1475)，Lie Jingguan who has left home for ten years，Fang Xu Provincial Festival。Twenty -three years 诏，Two Beijing Culture，Six years away from home，For the fake province，Finding No disorder，Listening。The first year of Hongxi (1425) March，Order the foreign officer full three tests，Xu Give Fake Detective，That is, only one fake for nine years，Remove Bet365 app download the distance time，Xu at home for two months。43 years of Jiajing (1564) stipulate，Only officials who have been assessed after three years will the qualifications have the qualifications to relocate。Visible，Official's vacation is related to the personal qualifications of the official。

again，Sometimes limited management。Official vacation，No matter what the reason for，There are clear time regulations，Ruwen Sunday，There is a situation of "five days and one rest"，There is also a situation of Xunxiu。There are three days of rest on holidays、Five days，If the emperor gives fake，Also one month。The longest vacation time is the leave and sick leave，Fake seeing the severity，There are also long and short time for leave。The duration of sick leave is very different，Depending on the official's condition、Job and other factors，Long ones can be more than three years，and you can return to the original condition to raise illness。But many officials have not been allowed to return to their original condition，No one cares，Destiny on his office，Ruki Henan Dao Royal Shi Wu Yan died of his office during the period of Chenghua。

Repeated，There is punishment for vacation violations。If the situation of the official Ding Say，It can be divided into lies to report parents' funeral、Mourning and other situations，Light, stop、Downside，For those who are serious, let it be the official or the hair edge to be the people、Charging Army。Jizhou and other places for the people，Order officials as new funerals with old funerals，Fa Shun Tianfu Changping、Zunhua、Jizhou and other places for the people，Shun Tianfu，Outside of the mouth for people。If the parents see it，Fraud claimed to be dead，Outside of the mouth、Don Stone and other places to charge the army "。In order to prevent official fraud on vacation，The government has strengthened the management of the fake system，This is conducive to enhancing government office efficiency，But many disadvantages have also appeared，As a result, bet365 best casino games some officials are treated with unfair treatment，It will even cause officials to die。

Last，Pay attention to the fairness of the fake system。The main manifestations are: the regulations on the holidays of far away officials，If officials are saving、Ancestor and other items，Not only does there be a normal specified holiday，And can also extend the holiday appropriately according to the time required to return the distance。Fake the official Ding You，It will also make adjustments in time，If the Confucius was named the Gongsheng Gong，Before Longqing，Do not give Ding worry for holiday。The first year of Longqing，The head of the Ministry of Officials Guo Yichen Shang Shu requested to give Yan Shenggong Ding for a holiday，Give it the same treatment as Wenchen，His suggestion was adopted by the emperor，This can also reflect that the Ming government pays attention to impartiality in the management of the fake system。

　　Third, officials in the vacation.Regulations on the classification and procedures of officials in the Ming Dynasty，Historical data records are relatively complete。But what about the officials of the officials in the vacation，History records unknown，Through information such as "Minghui Code", "History of Ming"，You can see some clues from it。

The number of vacation officials, the how many of the officials depends on the level of the official，Determine depends on the situation。Official stop mainly depends on the following situation。First，The length of the official vacation time，Such as "Chenghua Three -year Play，Cultural and military officials inside and outside，More than three months of illness，Tongliang Family Settlement Branch "，"Three Years of Jingtai (1452)，Lingjun official titles on each side，Except for the illness of the illness "。2，Official vacation violations。Regulations for the Hongzhi period，"Two Beijings to fake sacrifice officials ... Xu at home for two months，Limited for more than one year，Five months of living，Those who have been more than one year bet365 best casino games and a half，Send Questions "。

Officials take the situation of full or semi -tadpoles，Determine according to the assessment of the official。For Ding worry,，If officials have been in office for one year without fault，Allow him to get half of the Lulu to complete the system，If officials have worked for three years and have no fault，Allow him to complete the system。Officials often get rewards on holidays，As the Hongwu period，The reward to Guozi stipulates that "the Lantern Festival of the Lantern Festival，Awarded money "。Visible，Ming Dynasty officials during vacation，If you do not violate the control，You can take Lulu，Determined as depending on the situation，Get the full or half; if you violate the rules during the holidays，Also depending on the situation，Being some punishment。

(Author Unit: School of Social Development and Public Management of Suzhou University of Science and Technology)