A few days ago，Professor Zhang Ji, a professor at the School of History and Culture of Shaanxi Normal University, published his new work "The Significance of the Era of the New Yisu Fang Yihe Yisun" ("China Social Sciences" on April 7, 2022, "Archeology Edition，The following referred to as "Zhang Wen")，Introduced two pieces of Bronze in Western Zhou Dynasty in recent years in Shanxi Province，and discussed the significance of these two bronze wares in solving the age of the early bronze wares of the Western Zhou Dynasty。The so -called Early period of the Western Zhou Dynasty, studying disputes，Refers to the debate between the two famous bronzes around the two famous bronze wares of Fang Yihe and Lingyu.。Due to the intricate problems involved，Since the 1930s，Repeated discussions in the academic world，However, it has not been resolved today。Now，Discovery of these two bronze wares in Shanxi Province，Make Professor Zhang Ye see hope，He believes that Yizun and Yi Fang Yi is the standard device when the Western Zhouwu king，Comparison of Yi Fang Yi and Ling Fang Yi，It can solve the problem of the order of Fang Yi。

　　Figure 1 Yi Fang Yi (above) and Ling Fang Yi (below) author/Figure 

The author has also followed the early Copper Word of the Western Zhou Dynasty，and write some articles，Including the "Constitution of the Instantines for Arc Wall Fangyi" in recent years with Du Yong ("Cultural Relics" 2002, 8th ")。The view I hold is different from Professor Zhang Yizheng，Professor Zhang Yizhen also put forward different opinions in his article。The problem of humble text is true，But as far as the judgment of the time period of the radius of the arc wall in the Western Zhou Dynasty，Self -confidence is still to be able to stand up。Humblewen proposed that Fang Yi should be in the period of the Western Zhou Dynasty，No one will be refuted on the front。Now，Professor Zhang Yizheng re -declared that Fang Yi again、Lingzun works outside Zhou Zhao's period，Also to the new righteousness、The production age of Yifang Yi put forward a different opinion from us，The author also hopes to explain our relevant perspectives again。The author revolves around Yi Fang Yi、The age of Lingfang Yi and related utensils，Trimming to Professor Zhang Yizhen，Please Professor Zhang Huan and scholars criticize。

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Zhang Wen's call，"Yi Fang Yi and Yizun are two standard devices of Zhou Wu's period"。We are very surprised by this decree。So far，None。Some people thought in the past，Lintong unearthed in Lintong, Shaanxi is the standard device of King Zhou Wu，The "珷" (ie Wu) mentioned in the inscription is the name of King Zhou Wu。But this statement was quickly denied by the academic community，Most scholars believe that the "珷" in the inscription can only be the nickname of King Zhou Wu。

What is the standard device? Or how to judge whether a piece of utensil is a standard device?，In the past, people often started from the decoration style of the utensils and inscriptions.，Do not compare it from the shape，"The shape is exactly the most important observation level"，It seems that the standard device mainly relies on device type judgment。For this，We are not completely denied。But the author thinks，Can a piece of utensil be used as a standard device，The most important thing is to depend on its inscription。Because，The shape of the utensil、The decorative style and the inscriptions generally continue for a long time。Only through these aspects，I can only find the rough time range of a certain piece of utensil。Requires a piece of utensils to make more accurate production time，It should also rely on inscriptions，According to the characters in the inscription、Event，Through the activities of these characters and the time bet365 live casino games that happened in something、Location，Only to determine the specific king of the utensil，to the early stage of Wang Shi、Mid -term or later。At present, some of the Standard in the Western Zhou Dynasty recognized by the academic community，Rulai、He Zun、Books Generous Ding、Dali Ding、Yihou 夨簋、History wall disk, etc.，Most of them are finally determined by the inscription content。

Back to Yizun、Is Yi Fang Yi called the question of the standard in the Wu Wang period last week，Naturally, you should first look at the inscriptions of these two pieces of utensils。But，The inscriptions of these two utensils have given a negative answer。Because，The King of Wu was mentioned in the inscription，Called "珷 珷 易 (Ci) Yibei"，The "珷 珷" here is the same as "珷"，can only be a nickname，It indicates that the time for the composition of the utensil is after the king of Wu。In fact, scholars have already pointed out this point to Professor Zhang Huan，Zhang Wen cannot deny this，But this says: "(Yi Fang Yi) even if it is done in the king period，Also in the beginning of the king，still the earliest bronze wares in the Western anniversary。”

We agree with the point of view of Yi Fang Yi in the period of the king，But to say that it belongs to the earliest bronze ware，It should be not established。This requires the shape of Yi Fang Yi、Demonstration of decoration and inscription fonts before demonstration。For this，Zhang Wen has made some descriptions，but not very accurate。

First，About the shape of the utensil，One point I want to emphasize is，Yi Fang Yi should be an arc wall Fang Yi，Although the arc of its abdomen is not very large，Just "slightly drum"。Unfortunately，Zhang Wen only gave the positive view on the side of Yi Fang Yi，Makes people not see the shape of its arc wall at all。It can be seen from the complete graphic of the 45 -degree angle of Yifang Yi，Yi Fang Yi and Ling Fang Yi are generally the same type。Their lids and device are arc -shaped，There are shallow platforms under the foot of the circle，And eight 扉 ridges，Even the number and shape of the bumps upper tooth convex are the same。This indicates，Yi Fang Yi will definitely not stay away from Ling Fang Yi Yuan，will not be worse than two kings above the world。As for it was the earliest bronze ware in the Western anniversary，Naturally lack of basis。What needs to be explained is，This view is not from the author of the author。The earliest Yosunzun、Han Binghua, introduced to the reader, has already said，"Look from the Yi Fang Yi System，Beggar Fang Yi is close to this curved wall Fang Yi、Ling Fang Yi、Rongzi Fang Yi, etc.。("New Seee and Yi Fang Yi"，"Jianghan Archeology" 2019 No. 4) He emphasized the Yi Fang Yi、Lest the same system of Fang Yi -shaped。Copper expert Zhang Changping's opinion is the same as Han Binghua，It just supplements the explanation of the decorative style of Yizun and Yifang Yi。"、The age and decoration style of Yifang Yi "，"Jianghan Archeology" 2019 No. 4) They all think that Yifang Yi works in the king period，But it did not emphasize it was the earliest bronze ware。We may wish to list Yi Fang Yi and Ling Fang Yi together (see Figure 1)，Let everyone compare it carefully。

Next，Except for the shape of the utensil，Yi Fang Yi's decoration and inscription book、The glyph can also provide auxiliary proof。From the perspective of the decoration，Yi Fang Yi's decoration is basically the same as Ling Fang Yi。Their cover and abdomen are decorated with animal faces，Circle feet decorated with long -tailed bird pattern，Dragon pattern on the neck，It's just a slight difference in the specific types of bird pattern and dragon pattern。In the "Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties Project"，Experts who have studied copper staging stages have also been pointed out，Similar to this animal face pattern on Fang Yi ware，It is a more popular pattern in the Chengkang period。(Wang Shimin、Chen Gongrou、Zhang Changshou: bet365 best casino games "Staging Research on the Bronze in the Western Zhou Dynasty"，Cultural Relics Publishing House 1999 Edition)，Yi Fang Yi looks at it from the decoration，It can also be attributed to this major category during the Kang period。

Last，When it comes to the book body and glyph of the inscription，It can also be seen from the consistency of the Copper period during the Chengkang period including Ling Fang Yi。Especially its glyph，Except that it can be attributed to the early Western Zhou Dynasty's waves，The writing of each word is not much different from Ling Fang Yi，Roughly between Cheng Wang's early utensils and Ling Fang Yi。As shown in Figure 2。

　　Figure 2. The book body and glyphs of bronze inscriptions in the period of 20 % of the period of the period of the period of the bronze ware 

Like Blood、簋 簋 (Heaven Death)、Baoji、De Ding，belonging to a batch of the earliest utensils in the Western Zhou Dynasty，Comparison with them with the inscriptions of Yi Fang Yi and them and Ling Fang Yi，It can be seen that the writing of most of the three of the three is not much different，Explain that their production age is not far away。but but，There are some words that are slightly different，Ruyi (Ci) Words Writing in the inscriptions of Liyushape, but writing in Yi Fang Yi, Ling Fang Yi Zhongshape。Check the early Copper Ware of the Western Zhou Dynasty，The first shape of the shape of the shape (gift) is removed，It is also seen in the little minister single、poultry、犅、Baozun (卣)、Qingding and other utensils，They are also the earliest utensils of the king period，And the words of the Yi (cited) of the Shang Dynasty are also writing this way。But，This issue (including the late business), the word of all copper inscriptions of all copper wares is not writtenshape, after that, did not appear againShape Easy (Give) Word。For this，We think，Yifang Yi's age is closer to Fang Yi，Can't be counted as the earliest utensils in the Western Zhou Dynasty。

　　Recommended by Fang Yifei in King Zhou Zhao 

Through the above pair of Yi Fang Yi、Ling Fang Yi in the shape of the device、Comparison in several aspects of patterns and inscriptions，We roughly set the time to make Fang Yi the time，That is, it must be after the Yifang Yi of the king period，But it is not too long than Yifang Yi，There is no big difference、Trip -oriented and inscription fonts generally belong to the same type，There is no big difference。Arrange it at the time of Chengkang or the later period of Chengwang，It should be more reasonable。

​​But，Zhang Wen announced，Ling Fang Yi and Yi Fang Yi are very different，Never arrange it to the period of the king。Professor Zhang Yizhen said: "Yi Fang Yi、The emergence of Yizun，enough to dispel someone who wants to make Fang Yi、Lingzun will go to Wu Wang in advance、The thought of the period of Chengwang。Ling Fang Yi is very different from Yi Fang Yi，Therefore, it can only be Zhao Wang Shiwen。”

I think there are some problems in this view。First，The academic community does not seem to want to make Fang Yi、Lingzun will go to Wu Wang in advance、The statement of the king period。According to the author，Some scholars advocate that Fang Yi is in the period of Chengwang，But I did not hear it to the period of the Wu King。If so,，The problem may be more complicated。Next，Zhang Wen said that the difference between Fang Yi and Yi Fang Yi is very large，I haven't seen real evidence in the text。I saw that the author spent a lot of space in the text to demonstrate the business instruments (Asian Ugly Fang Yi) and Yi Fang Yi、Differences of Fang Yi，I did not see how much the difference between Fang Yi and Yi Fang Yi。Last，Say that Fang Yi and Yi Fang Yi are very different，can only be Zhao Wang Shi，It seems that there is no confirmation。If the author is so -called，Yi Fang Yi is Wu Wang Shi，Ling Fang Yi is Zhao Wang Shiwen，Two kings，For more than 60 years,，The differences between the two should indeed not be small。but，If evidence of fundamental differences between them bet365 Play online games cannot be taken out，Then this saying may not be established。

I think，Professor Zhang Yizhen should be affected by the sound of Fang Yi when the current academic community claims to make Fang Yi.。For a long time，Mr. Tang Lan、Bronze led by Mr. Li Xueqin's study mainstream scholars unanimously advocated that Fang Yi made in the Zhao period，Impact covered the voice of other scholars，Professor Zhang Yizheng's influence。But this statement does not form a consensus in the academic world，Many scholars believe that there is a loophole among them。Some scholars say that on the one hand, Fang Yi is the Zhao Wang Shi Shi，On the other hand, the beast pattern decorated with "Ling Fang Yi and Book of Books During the Chengkang Period"，Two talk about contradictions，It shows that some scholars cannot justify the embarrassment in the face of the facts。

Actually，It is obvious that Fang Yifei is in the period of King Zhao。We might as well compare it with Da Ling Ding and Ling Fang Yi first。Da Ling's work in King Zhou Kang 23 years，If Fang Yi as the king of Zhao Zhao said，Its inscription should make Fang Yi more ancient，But what we see is that Da Yingming is much more mature than Ling Fang Yiming。

　　Figure 3 Fang Yiming (above) and Da Yu Ding Ming (below) Author/Figure 

On the one hand, the writing of the inscription。in Lingfang Yi，It is still a set of writing methods in the end of Shang and early Zhou，Only the vertical arrangement of the word is neat，Do not consider horizontally。But in Da Lingding，But the horizontal and vertical arrangement is very neat。On the other hand, the writing of each word。Comparison of Da Yingming and Ling Fang Yiming，The glyphs of multiple characters appear more standardized and close to future carcass documents。If some words containing the human body，Including the word of the order of Fang Yi、Both words、The word in the light of the light and Da Ling Ding、Female words、State words、Girl Word、Word、Words, etc.，，It means part of the human lower limb，All the images of the limb，Full of pictographs，But in Da Lingzhong，But all have become straight limbs。and in Dadingzhong，，The horizontal painting below has not yet been sealed，It shows that its image as a nose can still breathe ("self" as a pictograph of the nose)。and in Dadingzhong，The horizontal below has been sealed。other，There are also public words、The shell characters contained in the characters，You can see that Ling Fang Yi is more ancient。Therefore, the conclusion can only be，Let Fang Yi work before Da Ying，instead of this Zhao King's era。

So，When will Fang Yi work? This can only be solved according to its inscription content。This inscription is not short，The first long inscription appeared in the Western Zhou Dynasty。Five characters appeared in them: Wang、Zhougong、Zhou Gongzi Ming Bao (Ming Gong)、Book Order (夨)、Kang。The inscription said at the beginning: "Wang Ling Zhouzi Ming Bao Yin, three things，Shouqing things。Dinghai，Order in Zhougong Palace，Public Order Birthday Tongqing。"" Wang's order of Zhou Gong's son, Ming Bao, in charge of all three things, all the affairs of all sides。Due to major responsibilities，Mingbao sent a subordinate official who sent Qingye's affairs to Zhou Gong's residence (Zhou Gong Palace) to inform Zhou Gong，Zhou Gong also ordered Ming Bao to go to meet with his subordinates。Inscription display，Although Zhou Gong is still old and still，Therefore, he can meet his son Mingbao and give Mingbao to instructions。If so，Lest Fang Yi must do it before Zhou Gong's death。"Today's Bamboo Book Chronicle" contains Zhou Gongxuan in the twenty -first year of the king，It will make Fang Yizhi or in the king of Cheng Cheng for about 20 years。

Such a judgment with another famous bronze in the same belonging to the family -the production of the Great Ding Ding is suitable for compatibility。According to the book, there is a ethnic emblem bet365 Play online games containing the word bird with the word Book，The same as the end of Fang Yiming，Explain that the two are cast by the same family。Let Fang Yi inscription "use it as Zu Dingbao Zun Yi"，Book of Grand Yi Qian is called "Used as Father Ding Bao Zun Yi"，Lest Fang Yi author and Book of Grand Yi as the relationship between father and son (or uncle)。Book of Great Ding's production age，Every family must be in the early stages of King Kang，It will make Fang Yi determined as a king of the king period，It should be a normal conclusion。

But，Mr. Tang Lan to maintain his "Kang Palace Principles"，Persist in saying that Fang Yi is done in the Zhao Wang period after King Kang，Opposition Fang Yi as the king period，To this end, resolutely deny that Mingbao is the son of Zhou Gong。He even said，Ming Bao is the son of Jun Chen、Sun Gongdan's grandson。He also said that the Zhougong Palace in the inscription is the temple of Zhougong，The ancestral temple dedicated to Zhou Gong's spirit;，Explain that the public is "Jin Tai Bao"。All these sayings，Treatment of Silk Yi Yi，It is difficult to let people believe from。

First，If it states the son of Bao Naijun Chen，Jun Chen is not seen in the pre -Qin literature，Not found in the inscription of bronze，No one can know if there are any people，It is difficult to explain that he is the son of Zhougong、Father of Mingbao。Second，Ru Tai Bao's position，Zhushu said that it was called by Zhao Gong，Zhou Gong is the "teacher"，To the son of Zhou Gong, if the grandchildren，Unlikely becoming a job Taibao。​​Moreover, since it is too guarantee，The matter in charge should be related to the Tai Shilian system，Conflict with the affairs in charge of "three things and four parties"。third，Speaking of the term "Kang Palace"，How do you know that the "Kang" here must refer to King Kang，instead of a vocabulary of another nature? For example, it must refer to King Zhou Kang，The "Beijing" in the front of "Beijing Palace" refers to He Wang (Beijing、The meaning of the word Kang is similar)? For example, "Beijing Palace" contains the temples of several kings from the king to the king，Why did the later bronze inscriptions appear "Cheng Gong" (曶 曶)? For example, "a certain palace" in the bronze inscription is the temple of someone，How can Zhou Gong in the Yi inscription be issued an order in his own temple ("Zhou Gong Palace")? Why is it Mingbao to Beijing Palace、Kang Palace is not to worship yourself，is the ancestor of the Zhou royal family? Does the Zhou court have the rules of worshiping the ancestors of the royal family?，It is difficult to answer。

Is nothing to doubt，Lest Fang Yi as the later period when the king ruled by the king，instead of being in the period of King Zhou Zhao，Is nothing to doubt。

　　Micro Family Copper and Fangfang Yi 

The judgment of Fang Yi's era is also involved in the micro -family bronze ware，Because there is a typical utensil in the Copper family bronze — 折，very similar to Ling Fang Yi。Mr. Li Xueqin arranges the copper swarm of the micro -family family，Arrange it to King Zhao，down to the beginning of Mu Wang。Professor Zhang Yizhen highly affirmed this，and thus saying it is certain: "Since Fang Fang Yi can only be ranked between Zhaomu，It is impossible to move up and down，So the group including the order of Fang Yi can only be the Zhao King Timeer，It is never possible to go to the period of the king in advance。”

I personally respect Mr. Li Xueqin。Only on the problem of copper in the staging，My statement to Mr. Li Xueqin cannot be fully agreed。This is also affected by my mentor Mr. Zhao Guangxian，He does not agree with Mr. Tang Lan's many claims。This arrangement of the Copper Micro Family Copper，The author is also considered because of the disapproval of Mr. Tang Lan's statement。Wish to know，Mr. Tang Lan is the Lord who arranged Fang Yi to the Zhao Wang period。Not only that，He also arranged the folder with several other associated copper wares in the last Bet365 lotto review year of King Zhao，That is King Zhao Nineteen Years。The following，Let's talk about the question of whether Fang Yi arranged in the 19th year of Zhao King。

　　Figure 4 % off Fang Yi Author/Figure Figure 

　　Figure 50 % off Fang Yi inscription Author/Figure Figure 

Fang Fang Yi's instrumental shape、The decoration is basically the same as that of Fang Yi，Explain that their times are much different。The slightly different is the inscription book。The inscription of Fang Yi Yi、The horizontal arrangement is neat，Different from Ling Fang Yi and the same as Da Yu Ding。Its font shape is basically the same as Da Ling Ding，Words that can be found in two instruments and can compare，Ru 隹、Nine、month、Wang、Order、Its、Yi、Sacrifice, etc.，The writing is basically the same。Therefore，The author ranks it in the time that is similar to Dading Ding，That is King Kang for about 20 years。but，If you want to take the utensils of Fang Yi and King Zhao，Especially compared with several utensils of Zhao Wang Nan, Jingchu，Different views。You can see，These pieces of Zhao Wang Nan Zheng's utensils，Including Bo 簋、□ control、簋 簋，Its inscription is close to the "Jade Body" in the middle of the Western Zhou Dynasty，The writing of some words (such as "Zun") also has a significant difference from before。

But，Li Xueqin、The two gentlemen of Tang Lan believe that the Fang Yi is also the utensil made by Zhao Wang when it is cut.。They take the Fang Yi and the other pieces of the "19th Years" utensils，Including bosses (respect) and utensils related to it (such as dispatched、Repatriation) Comparison，Think that they are all done when Zhao Wang cuts Chu。Because，Document records drowned in Han when the 19th year of Zhao King was southern for Jingchu，So they put these copper wares in the last year of King Zhao。

Fang Fang Yi and sent Zun (卣)、Books (卣) is not a problem at the same time。Except for them all over 19 years，Because of their inscriptions, they all talk about "King Jiu"。but，Is this "nineteenth year" a 19th year of King Zhao? These bronze wares did not talk about the south of Jingchu，I didn’t talk about the specific geographical environment of Hanshui，What is said to be "King Jiu"，Judging is not Hanshui，I am afraid it will not indicate that it must remember the southern symbol of Zhao King's 19th year。Considering that it is already the "Ten and March Xinyu" at the end of the year，At this time, the king is still scolding，Then it has nothing to do with Zhao Wang Nan Zheng，I'm afraid it's closer to reason。

More importantly，Book 睘卣 also talked about Wang Jiangqiren，This Wang Jiang，Mr. Tang Lan said that she was the post of King Zhao，Mr. Li Xueqin said she was after King Kang，There is actually no basis。We only know that she had appeared in the inscription of the Uncle with Tai Bao，It should be in the same period as Zhao Gongxuan activities，According to "Today's Bamboo Book Years"，The time of Zhao Gong's death is King Zhou Kang 24 years。The concubine of several kings at the beginning of the week，Only Queen Wu's surname Jiang，It is said that Wang Jiang is also quite reasonable after the king of Wu。So，Book 睘卣 睘卣 and Fang Yi can not be arranged to the last year of King Zhao。

Last，Let's study the time arrangement of the ancestors of various generations of the Wei's family。Mr. Li Xueqin believes that the second "Lie Zu" of the Weician family should live from the period of the King of Wu to the king period，The event of the third "Baizu" from the End of the King of the King until the end of King Kang，The main activity of the fourth Ancestral Fold in the Zhao King，But it can continue until King Mu's early years，Fifth and Fifth Feng also moved in the Mu Wang period，Sixth History Wall's time is the first year of the king to the filial piety。

Now，Since the fourth folding activity time cannot be said to be in the Zhao period，Then the time arrangement of other generations should be Bet365 lotto review adjusted。Actually，At the beginning, Mr. Li Xueqin in order to be discounted to the Zhao King，I have to pull down the activity time of the first second and third generations in front。As the second Liezu，The inscription of the wall is just saying that he saw the King of Wu in the business later，Then he should be a person with the same generation as Wu Wang。In view of the short time of King Wu，He may have a period of activity before and after Ke Shang。Now I only say that he has lived in the period of Chengwang，I do n’t say that there may be a period of activity before the business，Then extend his activity when he was in the king king。For this reason，The time of the third ancestor of the third generation is also said to be the period of Z from the king until the last year of King Kang。

​​But，How credible is this statement? Mr. Li Xueqin said，"Cheng Kang's two kings for about forty years，This person (Yi Zu) The event should be roughly equivalent "。Actually，Cheng Kang's two generations are far from 40 years long。Today's scholar test，It has been 37 years when it is in the throne (including Zhougong Registration for 7 years，See Zhu Fenghan: "Gongyu and Tang Bo Hou Yu Jin "，"Archeology" 2007, No. 3)，Bo Zu obviously could not get the last year of King Kang。A reasonable explanation should be the second generation of the WeChat family、III、Fourth generation as a long time，To the King of Wu、Chengwang、Kang King's three kings cooperation。So，All problems will be solved。

This，The arrangements for the Micro family after the subsequent family of Azu can also save some troubles。Fifth Five，We can arrange him in the early stage of King Zhao to King Mu，The sixth history wall can be from Mu to the Kings period。Let's look at the history wall disk，After praising King Mu's Gonglie, Shi Wan turned to the praise of the king of Shiwang，It is indicating that I live in the era of King Mu and the king of Gong.。And Mr. Li Xueqin took the Ancestor to take the Zhao King's period，I have to continue to pull down the era of several micro -ancestors，Even the history wall can always live until the beginning of the filial piety，This is even more inconsistent with the actual situation，Because the seventh generation of the Wecie family，That is, the son of Shi Wall has been replaced by the wall for four years in the four years of King Wall.。(Huang Shengzhang: "Preliminary Research on the Copper Group of the Micro Family Cellar in the Western Zhou Dynasty"，"Social Science Front" 1978, No. 3)

The corresponding relationship between the micro family and the king of the early week can be listed as the following table (see Figure 6)。

　　FIG 

This can be seen，The time schedule of the bronze wares of the micro -family family and Fang Yi does not affect the Ling Fang Yi，On the contrary, it is conducive to explaining that Fang Yifei is made in the Zhao Wang period。Ling Fang Yi produced in the later period of the king era，It is undeniable。

　　(The author is a professor at the School of History and Culture of Hebei Normal University)