Zheng (State)、Luo (Yang) area is located in the central and western regions of Henan Province。From the age of the Paleolithic，Human ancestors are endless on this land。Archaeologists have discovered more than 100 Paleolithic Age ruins and thousands of Neolithic Rules，layers of layers、Continuous cultural relics write Zheng Luogu's long history，Tell the glory here。In the historical long river of the origin and formation of Chinese civilization，The Heiluo area in the "among the world" has an important position。"Historical Records" cloud: "The residence of the past three generations，Between He Luo。"Archaeological excavation also confirms this，Archaeologists discovered the metropolitan ruins of the Xia and Shang dynasties in this geographical unit，Ruyan Shitou Site、Yanshi Mall, etc.。

2070s，Zhengzhou area has found a number of large sites in the middle and late stages of Yangshao culture in Zhengzhou，Especially the exposure of rectangular linked rooms such as Dahe Village, Zhengzhou Dahe Village and the excavation of exquisite pottery，Let the Yangshao culture of this area attract the world。Therefore，Experts in the archeological community recommends that the Yangshao Culture in this area is named after "Dahe Village Culture"。In the culture of Dahe Village，Shuang locust tree site is the largest scale at present、The highest level、The most abundant settlement of cultural connotation，Provides new key materials for the study of the exploration source of Chinese civilization。

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Shuanghuashu Ruins are located on the high platform in the south of Shuanghuashu Village, Heiluo Town, Gongyi County, Henan Province，Bei Yi Yellow River，West at Yiluo River，Southern Songshan。This middle and late giant ancient capital of Yangshao, which is more than 5,000 years ago，It is just located in Yihe、Luohehui flows into the high platform of the Yellow River，That is, the literature records the "Healo" in the Heeluo area。Convenient traffic here、Wanfang Som 辏，Since ancient times, it has been the hinterland of Huaxia civilization。

2013-2020，Zhengzhou Cultural Relics and Archeology Research Institute carried out continuous archeological excavations on the Shuanghuai Tree site，Discovered a rich cultural relic for Dahe Village。Shuang locust tree site has been included in the Chinese civilization exploration source project、The National Cultural Relics Bureau "Archaeological China" project、National Social Science Fund major projects, etc.，The evaluation of "Five New Archaeological Discovery of Henan Province in 2020", "Six New Archaeological Discovery of China in 2020", "Top Ten New Archaeological Discovery in the Country in 2020"。Double locust tree gathers the ruins of many，The most noticeable is the triple large ring 壕、Run Termine Courtyard Found Base Address、Cemetery、Altar、"Beidou Nine Stars" and other ruins and color pottery、Dental Eagle Silkworm and other relics。

First，Duyi Zhaoshi: Mie large -scale ring 壕。Double locust trees are high -end，It is an ideal place for the ancients to engage in agricultural activities。The plane of the site is irregular oval，There is a triple ring，Divide、Zhongxun and outer，Separate the site into three parts。Inner、Middle -hand and the south half of the south of the outer bang are generally parallel，Excavation in the northern half of the northern half of the outer bang。Trounts are wide and deep，Ruzhong's upper mouth is 23-32 meters wide，Deep 9.5-10 meters。Ringhongli is connected to the outside world through the suspension bridge and the real sole road。

The core area of ​​the settlement is the core area，In the northern end, there are fences and Bet365 app download inner strokes to form a closed structure，There is a large center residential address inside。There is a large -scale rammed earth courtyard base address in the south of the fence、Noble cemetery、Truth Earth Altar, etc.。There are three large -scale public cemetery and rammed altar between the middle and the outer buns。The distance between the inner and the middle is not far away，Low practicality，But the curvature height is consistent，It should be intended to plan，With a symbol of etiquette。This layout has created the Xia, Shang and Weekly Palace、Inner City、Pioneer of Guocheng System，It is the source and Duan Duan of the early Du Yicheng Guo system。

2，Central settlement: Large -scale rammed ground landing base address and square。Double locust tree settlement is found in the central part of the dwelling of the dwarf.。The base address is made of edition construction method.，The area of ​​more than 5300 square meters。At present, there are three large courtyards exposed，One of them、No. 2 courtyard layout is relatively clear。

No. 1 courtyard is located in the west of the base area of ​​the rammed earth，Plane is rectangular，an area of ​​more than 1,300 square meters。The main door of the south wall is found，There are symmetrical columns and steps in the inside。There is a gate on the east side of the main doorway。Multiple houses found in the courtyard，Roughly east -west。F76 is a group of wide surfaces and thirteen rooms、Large houses with an area of ​​308 square meters。The large -scale activity surface of the same period as the courtyard wall is found outside the south wall of the courtyard，Should be square。From the relatively high level of residual doorway and building，The courtyard may be high -platform buildings。Discovery of No. 1 Courtyard，Reflected the buds of the dual -locomotive social etiquette system，Further proves the administrative power of the settlement、Military power combination is one，At the same time, the functions of the spiritual and cultural center，It may be the political center at that time。

No. 2 Institute is located in the east half of the base site of the rammed earth，Plane is rectangular，an area of ​​more than 1500 square meters。Base grooves of the courtyard wall，There are dense buttons and wall walls in the north wall base groove，The corner of the courtyard wall is widened。East of the South Wall、One doorway was found in the northern end of the east wall and the middle of the north wall，The door column is divided into three roads in the south gateway，Form the "one door and three" structure。There is a gate in the east end of the north wall。No more complete relics were seen in the courtyard，But I found dense column net，Reflected more complicated layout and structure。Discovers think，"One Door and Three" ruins and Erlitou No. 1 Palace Architecture，Yanshi Mall 3、No. 5 palace architecture and later higher -level architectural doors are basically the same，highlight the high -level and source of the large -scale building base address of the double locust tree。

third，Power and Order: Large cemetery and altar。Double locust tree site exploration found more than 1,700 Yangshao culture medium and late tombs，Divided into four areas。All tombs are distributed in a discharge，The layout of the tomb excavated in some archeological excavations is unconventional，The distance between the tomb row and the tomb row is 15-18 meters，The tombs are east -west，The tomb owner raises straight limbs，head to the west，Basically no funeral。High -level noble tombs are distributed in the inside，One of the larger tombs issued phenomenon tooth funeral。

3 places found in the altar，Among them, one area of ​​the tomb，2 parts of the second area of ​​the tomb。The plane of the altar currently excavated is rectangular，A area of ​​nearly 260 square meters。Pure soil for the altar，4 pillar holes on Bet365 app download it，It indicates that there were four tall wood pillars buried on the altar。Large tombs are distributed near the altar，The tomb is not distributed in a straight line near the altar，Instead of intentionally turning away，Should be related to the cemetery sacrifice。This kind of rammed altar remains rarely discovered in the Yangshao Cultural site in Zhengzhou area，Exploration of the Central Plains sacrifice culture and etiquette has added new information。

fourth，Religious and ritual: "Beidou Nine Stars" and Pottery Constellations。The large house address in the center of the center of the center F12 found the remains of the suspected "Beidou Nine Stars" placed in 9 pottery cans。The center of the room site found a complete elk skeleton towards the doorway，Location is on the upper end of "Beidou Nine Stars"。This kind of astrological relic can be with the double locust tree、The solar pattern in the colorful pottery pattern of Dahe Village、Moon pattern、constellation pattern、Comet pattern, etc. echo each other，It is the manifestation of the observation and use of astronomical knowledge of Shuanghuai Tree，The specific shape of these patterns may represent the day、month、The concept of time and other time，Fully explained that people at that time had noticed the change of astronomical phenomena and the relationship between agricultural production activities。

In addition，Double locust tree site also found a lot of colorful pottery、Stoneware、Boneware and carbonized crop seeds，The most representative is a tooth sculpture silkworm，Tongqingtai、The real objects found in the settlement of Wanggou echo each other，Fully proved that the Zhengzhou area more than 5,300 years ago had formed a relatively complete form of farm and mulberry civilization。

To sum up，Double locust tree site is a settlement of carefully planned and layout，Clear structure in each functional area、Master and secondary，Reflecting strong organizational coordination。Central residence、Large -scale rammed ground landing base address、Truth altar and cemetery are roughly distributed on the same line，Reflect that the Shuang locust tree settlement has begun to take shape of the early Chinese palace buildings。Based on this，Professor of Peking University、Li Boqian, chief scientist of Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties, believes: "A series of important archeological discoveries in the Double locust Tree site，Especially its social development model and the ideological ideas，Give us the king of the king of the ancient country。Beidou Nine Stars and many characteristics of highlighting ritual and civilized ruins，It is also a future summer、Business、Zhou and other dynasty civilizations inherited and carried forward，The main root of the Chinese civilization of more than 5,000 years is expected to trace back here。”

　　"He Tu Luo Book": The colorful cultural connotation

Double locust tree site except exposes various large -scale relics，I have unearthed rich living tools and production tools，You can spy on its cultural appearance and connotation。

First，Cultural installment: Features of pottery in each period。The excavators divide the pottery unearthed in Shuanghuashu site into five stages: first、Phase II is Pei Li Gang Culture and Miao Digou Culture Period，The third to fifth period is the cultural period of Dahe Village。According to the two briefings on the two locomotive trees and the beach small level,，Discovery information of ruins such as Gong Yifa Kilnzui and Zhengzhou Dahe Village，It can be roughly summarized by the characteristics of the pottery in the settlement。

The first phase of the relics are mainly represented by the Shuang locust tree site and the Waka mouth site，The pottery is mainly sandy red pottery and mud black pottery，The pattern with fine rope patterns and a small amount of schedules、Poke thorns, etc.。Typical Typical Potted Ding、Bouder neck drum belly can、Folding Bet365 lotto review shoulder pot、Round Bading Pot、Three -foot bowl, etc.。

The second phase of the relics are represented by the double locust tree site and the relics (beaches small area) excavated in 1992，Pottery is mainly mud red pottery，Sand Red Pottery、Mud gray pottery and mud black pottery，Slow wheel production technology is generally used。Ceramics burning fire high，The texture is hard，Word type regular，Follow the meter to polish and smooth。Color Pottery Development，Common Black Color in painting pigments、Hongcai and Baicai，Black、Red two colors。Painting is mainly applied on the abdominal wall or on the edge of the mouth。Color pottery patterns with stripes、vortex、curved triangle pattern、vertical arc line、Dot pattern、grid pattern, etc.。Rich instrument category，Mainly there are small mouths、Deep -belly can、Qiang -belly bowl、Convergence of Qutou Belly Beltic Beltic Beltic Beltic Beltic Beltic Beltic Beltic、Small mouth tip bottle、Drum -belly can、Hollower seat, etc.。

No. 3，Pottery is the most mud pottery，Sand Ceramics。Pottery color is mainly red pottery or brown pottery，Gray Pottery second，Black pottery occasionally。Methods are mainly hand wheel systems and wheel system，Pottery's thickness is evenly thin。The table table is mainly plain noodles，The pattern with string patterns、Add pile lines、Pattern、hollow、Line pattern and a small amount of rope lines。There are many types of device。The tanks have deep -abdomen cans、Potted Ding and kettle -shaped Ding，The tanks have deep -abdomen cans、Folding bears、straight belly can、Bringing cans, etc.，Basin has a drum abdomen、Folding Basin、Pingxian flat basin, etc.。Others have round shoulders and drums、straight wall small flat bottom cylinder、Folding -out hollow beans、Convergence oblique arc wall mantle、Small mouth ring foot pot、Shuanglian pot、Wiring foot bowl、Convergence Cup Cup、Big mouth tip bottle、Small mouth beam tip bottle、Limbersa seat, etc.。This period is the most developed period of Shuang locust tree culture。

But the proportion decreases，Pottery is mainly mud and sandy gray pottery。The decoration is still stringed、Additional pile lines，But the proportion decreases，Rope pattern、Basket pattern significantly increases。Color pottery gradually decreases，Dinger in a tank -shaped tripod、Potting -shaped tripod，Ding foot increases more three -edge foot and foot、square foot, etc.，See a small amount of stubborn Ding，The outer wall decorated basket pattern+additional pile。Barriper popular decorative rope pattern、basket pattern、Folding deep -abdomen cans with additional piles。Other instruments have circle foot beans、觚 -shaped cup、Zun -shaped Cup、Folding Cup、Tube abdomen cup, etc.。

Issue 5，The pottery is mainly mud gray pottery and sand gray pottery。Pattern with rope pattern、Basket pattern is the main，additional pile lines is also more common。Color pottery is almost gone。Type of the device type、Deep -belly can、High -necked long -necked drum belly pot、Circle bowl -shaped beans、Tube belly cup、Zun -shaped Cup、觚 -shaped cup, etc.。

2，Sifang Gathering: Analysis of Foreign Cultural Factors。The current excavation information display，Dahe Village culture has strong local characteristics,It is formed and developed on the basis of the local temple undercut culture。

The stacking or breaking relationship on the strata accumulation of sites such as Shuanghuai Tree and Dahe Village，Reflect that the cultural connection of Dahe Village in this area is closely connected with Miao Digou culture。For example，Typical pottery small mouth tip bottle、can、瓮、Pot、bowl、Bowl, etc. is a classic instrument category of temple undercut culture，All are directly used or transformed by Dahe Village culture。Drimpher Bet365 app download shoulder jar、Bowl, etc. is a classic instrument category of temple undercut culture、Large -mouth pointed bottom cylinder、Drimpher shoulder jar、Convergence、Color pottery drum shoulder bowl、arc belly bowl、Color pottery can、Volumes along the Qiangbu, etc., as close to the temple under the temple under the temples。Temple Digou Cultural Pottery Popular White Color，The arc pattern in the pattern、Arc -edge triangle pattern、Dot pattern、Frog pattern、Petal pattern、Clamps、Crescent patterns, etc. are inherited by Dahe Village Culture。But Dahe Village Culture has also carried out innovation in color pottery，Created "∽x" pattern、Sun pattern、Sun halo、Wooden Bone Text、He Miao pattern and other patterns。

Shuang locust tree、Discovery of Dahe Village and other sites also shows，Dahe Village Culture absorbs many foreign cultural factors。For example，Potted Ding、Folding Ding Ding、canine -shaped tripod、瓮、Circle Foot Bean、Small Round Belly Beltic Pot、Circle Foot Cup, etc. It is introduced from Dawenkou Culture from the Haiyu area，Folding Ding Ding、Pole binoma beans、High -handle cup、Horn -shaped cups, etc., absorb the factors of Qujialing culture。The emergence of these pottery factors is a strong proof of the active absorption and fusion of the surrounding cultural factors in Dahe Village.，At the same time, it is Shuang locust tree as the capital cultural center，The inevitable result of the attraction and convergence of the surrounding culture。

third，Observation Time: Constellation pattern found in archeological discovery。Double locust trees have unearthed a large number of colorful pottery，Rich pattern，color gorgeous，It marks the reaching a new peak in the Central Plains Caotao Culture。Color pottery takes white clothes as a color，The main pattern is outlined with black and red or brown color，It looks particularly fresh and eye -catching，It contains the bright and moving style。The solar pattern in the mother question、Moon pattern、Hexagonal Star Pattern and other most distinctive features。Rucai pottery pot H330: 1，Mud red pottery。straight mouth，Drum belly，flat bottom，Drawing hexagonal star patterns。Pot Disable Simagon T5 ⑤: 73，Mud red pottery，Instrument table black color arc line pattern and solar pattern。

"Yi · Temporary" cloud，"River out of the picture，Luo Poster Book，The Saint's Ries "。The large -scale house address in the center of the center of the center F12 found 9 pottery cans in the relics like "Beidou Nine Stars"。This kind of star relics echo each other with hexagonal star patterns，It is a manifestation of the ancestors observed and using astronomical knowledge，At the same time, "River out of the picture，Luo Poster Book "found a footnote。

　　Hero Ancient Country: Turning and Duan of Huaxia Civilization

The excavator of the Shuang locust tree site pointed out that this site has many "the most in China"，If the wall with the earliest structure of the city、The earliest "palace" in China，The first rammed earth altar found in the Yangshao cultural site，"Beidou Nine Stars" relics，etc.。These discoveries undoubtedly identify the social change and turning of this period (middle and late stages of Yangshao)。

First，Settles to Duyi: Break the concept of the heart -like settlement layout。Pei Ligang -early Shao Culture，Compact cohesion of the popular layout in the Central Plains area to the heart -like structure of small and medium -sized settlements，clan is the most basic economic unit，Leading people’s production and life。In the middle of Yangshao, a large settlement of hundreds of thousands of square meters appeared in the middle of Yangshao，Gradually disintegrated by the condensation of the big house as the core to the heart -based layout。Yangshao Late，The scale of the settlement scale is particularly obvious，No more emphasis on the organization of the clan within the settlement，Social and economic units Bet365 lotto review gradually decompose to miniaturization，Clan status has been weakened，The role of family or family is gradually prominent。The settlement form of the culture of Dahe Village profoundly reflects this change。

Shuang locust tree、Dahe Village、Display data display of the site of Wanggou and other sites，Yang Shao San、4、Fifth phase of the house layout is more decentralized，distributed in multiple areas，Houses in various districts are rowed，but not compact，It is extremely loose instead。Display information on the cemetery，The cemetery of each period is roughly corresponding to the nearby site，The tombs in the cemetery are gathered together，Although there are some messy，It indicates that the clan or big family is still exercising the functions of management and restraining members of society。But from the perspective of different directions，This management and constraint does not seem to be strong。Generally speaking，Dahe Village's settlement no longer follows the layout of the condensed heart structure，Instead, it tends to be relatively independent decentralized layout。

It is worth noting that，Xishan settlement site found a large -scale rammed earth building site with an area of ​​more than 100 square meters，Wanggou settlement site found large houses with at least two places with an area of ​​more than 200 square meters。Houses of the same scale are also discovered at the settlement site in Dahe Village，F15 with an area of ​​about 122.2 square meters。speculation based on the indoor structure of F15，Such large houses may be public places for holding some large -scale activities，Similar to the big house in the middle of Yangshao。The number of large houses with more than 100 square meters in the center of the central residential site and the No. 1 courtyard is more considerable，But because the settlement is responsible for the social and public service functions of cross -gathering or even settlement groups，The nature and functions of this type of house are obviously complex and diverse。

2，Planning and scale: The civilization process is accelerated，Ancient nation now。The emergence of large -scale ring sets and urban sites，Is a regional politics、The results of the continuous development and upgrade of the economy。City Wall、The construction volume of the trench is huge，Need to coordinate a lot of manpower and material resources，It can bear it from one or two settlements in one or two settlements，​​It should be completed on the basis of the coordination and operation of a certain social organization。

Double locust tree settlement uses a large amount of earthwork in the trench，Build a majestic rammed soil base。Xishan settlement uses the soil of the trenches to build a towering city wall。From the "Palace District" from the Shuanghuai Tree settlement site and the West Mountain Settlement Site City Wall Rampy Earth Flores、Block、Advanced and mature technologies such as ramming layer by layer, as well as the design of the plane shape of the Xishan settlement site，It can be seen that it is further developing on the basis of Yangshao Cultural Circle Circles.。What needs to be pointed out is，The resource domain between the settlement has a large area of ​​staggered，This requires the division of labor between the settlement，thus accelerating the complexity process of the region。Large houses with extremely high specifications of Shuang locust tree settlements、Trouting earth building complex、Version of the foundation of high -platform buildings and sacrifice -related coffin burial、Altar、Human sacrifice pit、Discovery of Beast Family Pit，All indicate the differentiation of the two locust trees settlement and the generation of the concept of etiquette。This is not available in the surrounding settlement at the same time，It indicates that the society of Shuang locust tree settlement has been highly complicated。Social layers and level differentiation between Bet365 lotto review the interior and between the settlement and the settlement are extremely significant，Especially Zhengzhou area，ringing or urban site settlement large -scale appears，Gongwei is near the double locust tree settlement，This forms a double locust tree settlement as the core，Multiple centers/times centers and small and medium -sized settlements "pyramid" type level structure，Such social forms such as Li Boqian said that it can be called the ancient country。

Is the establishment of the ancient country related to the Huangdi tribe，In -depth development of archeological excavation and research also needs to be carried out。But the relationship between the Huangdi tribe and the Central Plains still has some clues worth paying attention to。"Historical Records · Five Emperor Benji" contains: "The Yellow Emperor's Huanxuanyuan Hill，The daughter of Xiling，Is for the ancestor。"as the wife of Huangdi，The ancestor was respected as the first silkworm nourishment in Chinese history，More the reputation of the Virgin of the "Silkworm"。"Lu Shi · Hou Ji Five" said: "(嫘 嫘) with its original silkworm，Therefore, sacrifice first silkworm。"Shuang locust tree tooth carving family silkworm and Qingtai、Wanggou、The discovery of Chuwan silk fabric confirms the record of the wife of Huangdi, the ancestor of the ancestor of the ancestor。Taking it as a clue，Or can outline the civilization development trajectory of Xuanyuan in the Central Plains region。During 5500-5000 years away,，The Yellow Emperor Tribe is determined to be in Xinzheng area，Vigorously develop social production with the Central Plains as the hinterland，The level of economic development leads in other surrounding tribes。As a tribal leader，Huang Di Wentao Wu Lue，嫘 嫘 贤，They lead the Huaxia people to keep moving forward，promoted the rapid development of early civilization。

Shuang locust tree This is a giant settlement site in the middle and late stages of Yangshao culture around 5300 years.，It is the highest specification found in the gold stage of the Yellow River Basin at the origin of Chinese civilization so far、Central settlement with the nature of the capital。This stage，Land in the center of He Tuluo Book，Settlement into the capital，​​Sacrifice gradually becomes ritual。The Heilo area became the most representative and influential civilization center at that time，Breeding Huaxia Civilization，Witness the cultural butterfly change。From ancient culture to ancient city to ancient country，The context of Chinese civilization is gradually clear，A series of archaeological results in the ancient country of Heluo，It provides possible for the "Central Plains Model" of the origin of the origin of Huaxia civilization。

(The author is a professor at the School of History of the Capital Normal University、Director of the Chinese Archaeological Society)