Emperor Qianlong’s southern tour during the heyday bet365 casino bonus Qing Dynasty，The times are from the 13th bet365 casino bonus first lunar month to the fourth of May in the 16th year of Qianlong's reign (1751)、The eleventh day bet365 casino bonus first lunar month to the twenty-sixth day of April、From the twelfth day bet365 casino bonus first lunar month to the fourth day of May、The 16th day bet365 casino bonus first month bet365 casino bonus 30th year to the 21st day of April、The twelfth day bet365 casino bonus first lunar month to the ninth day bet365 casino bonus fifth lunar month、The 21st bet365 casino bonus first month bet365 casino bonus 49th year to the 23rd of April。Qianlong’s southern tour had positive significance for national governance at that time, especially in river management and pond repairing，But its negative effects are also serious。The southern tour will inevitably waste people and money，Easy to intensify social conflicts。After the fourth southern tour，Wang Lun Uprising breaks out in Shandong。More than ten years after the sixth southern tour，A larger-scale White Lotus uprising arose。Therefore，The social crisis in the Qing Dynasty gradually became serious。

　　Qianlong’s bet365 casino bonus focused on river control

The fifth year of Shaoxi reign of Emperor Guangzong of Song Dynasty (1194)，The Yellow River bursts its banks and changes its course，Turn southeast through Huanglinggang near Kaifeng and enter Jiangsu，Passing through Pi County、Xuzhou、Suqian to Qingkou，Merge the Huaihe River and flow into the sea。Therefore，The disaster bet365 casino bonus Yellow River extends to three rivers，The Huaihe River was captured into Haikou and passed through Xuzhou、Huaian、The Grand Canal in Yangzhou is implicated，The beginning bet365 casino bonus next six hundred years of seizing the Huaihe River and entering the sea，The situation in the middle and lower reaches bet365 casino bonus Yellow River is very serious。

Qianlong’s bet365 casino bonus，River management is the first priority，Invested huge financial resources、Material and human resources，The annual fixed annual maintenance fee for river construction alone amounts to more than 4 million taels。Qianlong in the process of river control，Focus on field visits，Think of "comments and replies，It’s better to come and see them in person，Can be directed anywhere”，Emphasis on "the river must be treated"，without following its false name；The work must be prosperous，But it must be practical”。He pays special attention to projects in key areas，Overall planning，Comprehensive Management；Assign the relevant ministers to take charge of river engineering affairs，Seize the time and opportunity；Implementing institutionalized management of river embankments，By state and county boundaries，Dividing flood areas，Implement it to people。Qianlong Daxing River Engineering，There are two main projects: one is during the third bet365 casino bonus，Ding Qing Shui Zhi，Reinforce Gaoyan Dike，Basically protected Huai’an、Yangzhou、Taizhou、Yancheng、Tongzhou and other wealthy areas are protected from flooding。The second is in the 41st year of Qianlong，Relocation and diversion project，Dig a diversion river in Taozhuang，Prevent the Yellow River water from flowing back into Qingkou，Resolved the problem of backflow。To the end of leap March in the 49th year of Qianlong，Canal embankment south of Jining、The gates, dams and other projects are all completed，A total of 51,817 feet of official embankments have been restored，Cross-strait civil affairs unification returned to government affairs，Counter Chief 14563 Zhang。24 gates have been repaired、19 single gates、Bridge 2、2 rolling dams、42 seats in Shuikou Baotou、12 drainage culverts。All projects must be solid，Not only is the towpath accessible，And residents along the river who have suffered floods in the past can also make efforts to support themselves。

Qianlong’s southern tour also built the Zhejiang Seawall Project。The seawall is an artificial tide-blocking dam，From Wulong Temple, Renhe County, Zhejiang Province to Jinshan boundary, Jiangsu Province，more than 37,200 feet long。In Zhejiang, the river flows down the river，The tide moves against the river，Dangerous momentum，Great destructive power。Seawall project includes water leveling，It is an ancillary project bet365 casino bonus seawall，Located on the water surface bet365 casino bonus seawall，Prevent seawall foundation from being washed away。During Qianlong’s Southern Tour，First, go to Haipingjianshan for inspection，In the area of ​​​​Old Yancang，Order local officials to regularly repair more than 4,200 feet of old Chaitang，Reinforcement of pond roots，Put a water stone basket，To ensure safety；Return to Jianshan、All the stone dams on the seawalls in key places between the Tashan Mountains have been replaced with stone strips。The second is to fill in a stone pond with an area of ​​more than 530 feet in the large stone pond around the city of Haining，Guarantee that Haining is not affected by ocean waves。The third order was to build a stone pond of more than 4,000 feet in the firewood pond in the old Yancang area，To ensure long-term safety。The fourth is when we went to Haining to see the completed seawall，He also ordered the construction of stone ponds in the Yinan area。Qianlong’s southern inspection tour built many seawall projects，“Yitutang becomes Shitang，Change civilian cultivation to official cultivation，Big work and tiring work，Strive to consolidate，Coastal creatures，Begin to reap the benefits”。

Except for river control and seawall construction projects，Qianlong’s southern tour promoted the economic and cultural development bet365 casino bonus south and cultural exchanges between the north and the south，They all also have certain positive effects。

　Qianlong’s bet365 casino bonus wasted people and money

The negative effects of Qianlong’s bet365 casino bonus were very obvious，In his later years, he said to the ministers around him: "I have been in power for sixty years，No moral misconduct，Wei Sixth Southern Inspection，A waste of time and money，There is no benefit, no harm but benefit。”Qianlong’s bet365 casino bonus wasted people and money in many aspects。

First, abundant materials are used in the preparation stage。Take the first southern tour as an example，Zhejiang Province prepares more than 1.4 million jins of Yunnan copper for coining，More than 100,000 strings of old and new accumulated money，Can be used to replenish rewards。Intercepted 150,000 shi of rice，118 grain ships for each gang，For ample supply，People’s food is funded。The Lianghuai Salt Administration will pre-transport 400,000 yuan of salt bars，To provide financial support。Send the Tianjin prepared ship, Xiangfeng boat, etc. to Suqian，In preparation for riding。Soldiers stationed on both sides bet365 casino bonus royal road，Fanzhi River Branch，Two or three Anka soldiers each，Temporary ban on people and boats。1 per minister，5 horses；1 member of Zhangjing’s bodyguard，3 horses；Guardian、Emergency deacons, etc.，2 horses；3 horses for every 2 people，A total of more than 6690 horses are needed。Except for 25 convenience ships carrying objects，Shafei、440 horses and boats。

Second, the southern patrol team is huge。Except Qianlong，Empress Dowager、Queen、Concubines traveling together，There are also many retinue officers and soldiers，Up to the princes and ministers，Down to the eunuch guards，Up to more than 2,500 people。When taking the Jiangnan Waterway，3,600 imperial soldiers drawing silk。In addition to Yuzhou Anfushao、Xianfeng boat、Lake boat、Pulling boats and other big ships，As well as ships carrying special items for Qianlong and so on，There are also imperial ministers、Minister bet365 casino bonus Bodyguard、Minister of Military Aircraft、Imperial Guard、Qianqingmen guard ship，A horse-carrying boat，Shangsiyuan Guards、Official Approval Report to the Military Aircraft Department、Guard Office、Cabinet、Ministry of War Official Ship，Accompanying camels, cattle and sheep boats, etc.。Among them，The cattle and sheep ship carries 35 cows for the tea house，300 cattle used in the kitchen。

Third, the royal roads and palaces are built to high standards。There are three specifications bet365 casino bonus Qianlong Southern Patrol Road: the first-class royal road is built with patterned bricks，Generally used in important areas in southern cities。Second-class imperial stone slab，Made of stone pieces arranged in the shape of beads，About one meter wide，There are simple auspicious patterns embedded every ten meters or so，Ruqilin、Bat、Double money、Aquarius, etc.，Mostly used in Shangfang Mountain in Jiangnan Scenic Area、Lingyan Mountain、Tianping Mountain and other mountain roads。The imperial road is paved with soil，Requires crushing and solidity、Flat。For the Southern Tour，Qianlong built many palaces in the south bet365 casino bonus Yangtze River。These palaces may be built in beautiful mountains and waters、Beautiful place，Maybe built on higher ground、A place with a wide view。All kinds of buildings are available in the palace，Such as Gaomin Temple Palace，Youqian、中、Three Back Halls，Including tea room、West wing、Painting Room、West Suite、Bridge Pavilion、stage、Theatre、Zhakou Pavilion、Pavilion and Langfang、Xieshan Tower、Slate House、Arrow Hall、Wanziting、Women’s Pavilion、Xieshanmen、Right facing room、Hanging flower door、Aftercare room, etc.，Hundreds of pavilions。Most bet365 casino bonus treasures displayed in the palace are Qianlong’s favorite treasures。If you take the water route，Stop at the pier。The dock is mostly within one or two or three or four miles from the gate of Fuzhou County。Wharf camp 50 feet，Empress Dowager Camp 25 feet。The living ship is equipped with a tent measuring three feet and four squares，1 tent in the wing，Supporting the pier，Disassembly early in the morning。Brown carpet is regularly laid at the pier，No red、Huang et al.。

The fourth is to pay attention to diet。Life during Qianlong’s inspection tour was almost the same as that bet365 casino bonus palace，Dozens of cows are used bet365 casino bonus tea house every day，Hundreds of cows and sheep for the kitchen。The accompanying officials also had a rich meal。According to relevant historical records，Some officials have 10 pieces of Five Gui Bowls: Bird's Nest Chicken Shredded Soup、Sea Cucumber Hui Pork Tendon、Fresh razor clam and radish soup、Kelp and pork belly soup、Abalone Collection Loosestrife、Mussel and shrimp soup、Shark Fin Crab Soup、Mushroom braised chicken、Wind Hammer、Fish maw braised ham、Shark skin chicken soup、Blood powder soup、First grade soup rice bowl。Some officials also have 20 foreign dishes，20 flavors of hot food and wine，20 pieces of side dishes，Withered Fruit 10 Clear Table，10 fresh fruits on the table，The so-called "Man-Han Banquet"。Eight Banners Attendant、Food and drinks for the guards and related personnel，There is milk tea、Jellyfish、Fish noodles、Red and white pork、Burning piglets、Roasted Goose、Hard dough pastry，There are also milk cakes and wine、Vinegar burns pigs and sheep、Meat slices、Meatloaf。

Fifth, the local officials are well prepared and unique。Yangzhou Enfengyuan is the accommodation place for the entourage of Qianlong’s bet365 casino bonus，Dozens of official rooms are built in the surrounding corridors，For accommodation with the camp management and customs protection，Kingditun accompanying officers and soldiers、Deacons, etc.。Vacant space behind the garden，Raising horses around the wooden fence。China Construction Huangmuzha，for Yuma Factory。Four fences with green flags, each marking 4,000 camp horses，Guarded by Wu Bian。The accompanying camels set up a separate wooden fence，Named "Camel Camp"。There are many open spaces in the northern suburbs，Prepare to install tent cloth covers with the battalion officers and soldiers，Standing Wind Flag Identification，Dig the ground to make a stove。During reception，The local official’s whimsical ideas，Fraud，Blinally catering。“The royal boat is coming to Zhenjiang，About ten miles apart，Looking at a big peach on the shore，Incredibly huge，Lovely red and green color。The Royal Boat is approaching，Sudden fireworks，radiant flames，Shesha Xia Teng，How dazzling。In a moment，The peach cracks，The standoff in Tao Nei Theater，Hundreds of people on it，Fang plays Shoushan Fuhai’s new play。”

Sixth, the detailed pick-up and drop-off regulations for Qianlong’s bet365 casino bonus Inspection，Many people involved。Places visited by Qianlong on his inspection tour，Honglu Temple officials have informed in advance that local officials within a hundred miles will lead local gentlemen and people to welcome them ten miles away；The local guarding Manchu and Han army troops，I am also waiting for you ten miles away，Kneel down to greet and see you off。Women in villages and towns must also kneel down to pay homage to the Holy Face，When avoidance，Order the man to leave the village，Cannot ban women，Often "old and young to help"，Dong Ying Ten Million，Yueqiandumo，Not without trampling”。

　　Peasant bet365 casino bonus heralds the coming storm

Corresponding to the excessive expenditure of Qianlong’s Southern Tour，It is Shandong、Jiangsu、The people of Zhejiang, especially the victims, are living in hardship。During Qianlong’s Southern Tour，"Fuzhou County Magistrate，Private faction invades，The phenomenon of "feeding to superiors" and "causing loss of people's livelihood" is even more serious。As early as Kangxi’s southern tour，"From Tai'an Prefecture，See Xintai、Mengyin、Yizhou、City and countryside in Tancheng and other places，The people suffered greatly from the disaster"。Passing through Tai'an、Xintai、Mengyin、Yizhou、Tancheng and other prefectures and counties，See "The people suffered greatly from the disaster，Noodles with vegetables，Ragged”，"There are many people crossing the road and knocking"。Qianlong period，The lives bet365 casino bonus victims are even more difficult，The Xuzhou area is often flooded，"Many poor people travel to Shangqiu, Henan、Yucheng，Shandong Cao、Those who seek food in Dandi County”。April, the 22nd year of Qianlong，When Qianlong passed through Xuzhou during his second southern tour，“The Peach Blossom Land I Have Passed、Suqian、Pizhou、Suining counties，鹑衣鹄面，Looking at each other”。

Qianlong’s southern tour intensified class conflicts in the areas he passed，Triggered the resistance struggle bet365 casino bonus majority of farmers。In Shandong、Jiangsu、Zhejiang，Farmers resist rent、Struggle for land、Seize food、anti-grain、Anti-Scientist struggles continue to occur，Eventually led to the uprising against feudal autocratic rule。Autumn bet365 casino bonus 23rd year of Qianlong，Xianghua Town, Chongming County, Jiangsu Province，Because bet365 casino bonus tenancy conflict，Causing tenants to resist rent，Burned down the tenant’s thatched cottage。The county magistrate and the Yingben went to check it out，Some villagers gathered together with many people，Resisting Arrest by Holding Penny，Injured military service”。The first month bet365 casino bonus thirty-first year of Qianlong，Wujiashan'ao place in Zhejiang County，Wu Buyuan and others organized an armed uprising。Wu Buyuan and Wu Yougong、Zhang Benji and other organizations organized dozens of people，Making swords and other weapons in the mountains，Made another yellow silk flag to prepare for the uprising、Yellow paper flag in black silk，The flag has the words anti-Qing written on it。The rebels also pasted the word "明" on their net scarves and felt hats。When officers and soldiers come to round up，The revolting people "resisted the enemy with weapons，Cut the trapper，Kill the wounded soldiers”。

　The thirty-ninth year of Qianlong，Shandong suffers bad harvest，Local officials exacted excessive taxes，Causing strong resistance from farmers。Wang Lun took the opportunity to use the Qingshui Sect to organize believers to prepare for an uprising in the autumn of that year，Appointed military advisor、Marshal、General Soldier and other official positions。The time bet365 casino bonus uprising was later leaked，Shouzhang County government sends troops to suppress arrests，Had to advance the uprising in August，More than 4,000 participants。Wang Lun led the rebel army and wrapped their heads in white scarves，Holding a broadsword、Lance，Invasion of Shouzhang County，Kill the county magistrate Shen Qiyi，Conquer Yanggu on the second day of September，On the fourth day bet365 casino bonus Lunar New Year, we occupied Tangyi again。The rebel army seized silver from the inventory，Release the prisoner，Get support from the people，Team expansion，Great reputation，Defeated the encirclement and suppression campaigns of Yanzhou General Soldier Weiyi and Shandong Governor Xu Ji，Go north towards Linqing。Linqing is the north-south waterway transportation hub，The place where Qianlong must pass during his southern tour。Qianlong then sent Shu Hede, a great scholar, as the imperial envoy，Specially Selected Jianrui、1,000 Guards bet365 casino bonus Second Firearms Battalion，By Erawang Dorji、Led by Du Yushi Asiha，Rush to Linqing。Late September，Qing army troops gathered，The rebels were surrounded in Linqing Old City。Qianlong also ordered Zhou Yuanli, Governor of Zhili、River Governor Yao Lide and others sent troops to assist。The rebels fought bravely，Use simple weapons such as swords to fight against the Qing army who have superior firearms such as shotguns，Finally failed due to being outnumbered，Wang Lun set himself on fire，The rest may die in battle，Or captured and killed。Wang Lun’s uprising occurred in the place where Qianlong’s southern tour must pass，Thousands of participants，Last for nearly a month，It heralds the coming of a larger-scale peasant uprising。

(The author is a researcher at the Institute of Modern History, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences，Former director of China Mongolian History Society、Director bet365 casino bonus Chinese Ethnic History Society、External expert bet365 casino bonus National Qing History Compilation Committee)