Emperor Qianlong in the south of the Qing Dynasty，Time is the sixteenth year of Qianlong (1751), the 13th to the fourth day of the first month of the first month.、The 11th of the 22nd, the 11th to April 26th、Twenty -seventh, the 12th of the 27th to the fourth day of May、Thirty Years 16 to April 21、Forty -five years of the first month of the first month to the ninth day of May、The first month of the 49th year to the 23rd of April。Qianlong South Tour has positive significance for the national governance, especially the river governance and repair ponds at that time，But its negative impact is also very serious。Southern Tour is bound to hurt the people and hurt money，It is easy to exaggerate social contradictions。After the fourth southern tour，Wang Lun Uprising Establishment in Shandong。After more than ten years of the Southern Tour，The larger -scale Bailian religion has emerged。So，The social crisis of the Qing Dynasty gradually became serious。

 

　　Qianlong South Tour is based on governing the river

Song Guangzong Shaoxi Five years (1194)，The Yellow River Development Different Road，Huang Linggang near Kaifeng is folded to the southeast and entered Jiangsu，Passing through Lixian County、Xuzhou、Suqian to Qingkou，Convergence of Huaihe River enter the sea。From this，The scourge of the Yellow River and Sanhe，Make the Huaihe River, which was captured into Haikou, and Xuzhou、Huai'an、The Grand Canal of Yangzhou is involved，Opening the section of Huai Huai, which has been opened for more than 600 years，The situation in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River is very severe。

 

Qianlong South Tour，River rule is the first priority，For this invested huge financial resources、material resources and manpower，Only the annual fixed -year -old repair fee for the river industry reaches more than 400,000。Qianlong in the process of ruling the river，Focus on field inspections，Think "playing the answer to answer，It is better to come in person，You can indicate everywhere "，Emphasizing "the river must not be treated，without following its name;，It will be practical "。He pays special attention to the project of key areas，Coordinated planning，Comprehensive governance; divide the relevant ministers related to the relevant river industry，Hurry up time and opportunities; implement the management of the river embankment，Bet365 lotto review According to the boundary of the state and county，Implementing to people，Implementing to people。Qianlong Daxinghe Workers，There are two major projects: First, during the third South Tour，Dingqingkou Water Zhi，Reinforcement of Gaoyan embankment，Basically protecting Huai'an、Yangzhou、Taizhou、Yancheng、Tongzhou and other wealthy areas are free of water flooding。Second, in the forty -one year of Qianlong，Moving the river introduction project，Dig a river introduction in Taozhuang，Prevent the Yellow River water from pouring the mouth，Solved the problem of inverted irrigation。From the 49th year of Qianlong, the end of March，Jining Embankment of the South canal、Zhaba and other projects are also completed，A total of 51817 feet of restoration of the official embankment，Cross -Strait people's uniforms return to official office，14563 feet long。Fix 24 seats、19 single brakes、Bridge 2、2 Bats of the Dam、42 wraps in the water mouth、12 seats。All projects are solid，Not only the slim road is unobstructed，and residents who have encountered the flood along the river can also make self -sufficiency。

 

Qianlong South Tour also built Zhejiang Haitang Project。Haitang is an artificially built tidal dam，Zhejiang Province Zhehe County Wulong Temple to Jinshan World, Jiangsu Province，More than 37200 feet long。Zhejiang places down due to the smooth flow of the river，Sea tide upside down，Specific Relief，Destructive。Haitang project includes tanshui，Located in Haitang Water surface，Located in Haitang Water surface，Prevent the foundation of the sea pond from being washed out。Qianlong South Tour，First, go to Hai Ping Jianshan for survey，In the old salt warehouse area，Destiny local officials repair more than 4,200 feet of old chai pond，Reinforcement pond root，Put the Tanshui Stone Basket，to ensure safety;、All Shiba of the Haitang between the key places between Tashan is built。The second is to fill in the stone tan water for more than 530 feet of more than 530 feet of Haining's Dashitang，Make sure Haining is not affected by sea tide。Third is to add more than 4,000 square meters of stone ponds in the Chai Tang area in the old salt warehouse，to ensure long -term safety。Fourth is when Haining reads the completion of the sea pond，Delivery to add the stone ponds in the south area of ​​the south。Qianlong South Tour many times to build a sea pond project，"Yitu Tang is a stone pond，More bet365 best casino games people's repair is official，strive to consolidate，strive to consolidate，Binhai Soul，Get Le Li "。

 

Except for the river governing and building a sea pond project，Qianlong South Tour on promoting the economic and cultural development of the south and the exchange of cultural exchanges between the North and the South，Also has a certain positive effect。

 

　Qianlong South Patrol Labor and the People ’s injury

The negative effects of Qianlong South Tour are very obvious，He said to the ministers around him in his later years: "Sixty years of Yu Yu，No morality，Only six southern tour，Labor and the people hurt money，Make without benefit is beneficial。"Qianlong south patrolling and the people's injury and wealth have many performances。

 

First, use the supplies in the preparation stage。Take the first South Tour as an example，More than 1.4 million kg of Yunnan copper in Zhejiang Province prepared for casting money，More than 100,000 strings of new and old accumulated money，The use of the full -time full -time sales。Test of 150,000 stone，118 gangsters，so as to use abundant，Civil Food has capital。Lianghuai Salt Administrative will 400,000 quotes in the pre -operation of salt and tendons，。Drive the Xiangfeng boat of Tianjin preparatory boat to Suqi，Prepare passenger。Guan Ding Ding，Fanzhihekou，Two or three names of each Anka soldier，Temporary ban on people boat。1 member of each minister，5 horses; Zhang Jing 1 member，3 horses; guards、Key deacon, etc.，2 horses; 3 horses every 2 people，More than 6690 horses in total。Except for loading objects, there will be 25 abroad，Sha Fei、440 horseshuma。

 

The second is the huge southern tour team。Except Qianlong，Empress Dowager、Queen、Concubine peers，There are many other obedient officers and men，Up to the Prince of the Prince，down to the eunuch guard，up to 2500 people。When walking in the south of the river，3600 people of Royal La La Xing Ding。Except the Royal Boat Anfu、Xiangfeng boat、Lake Boat、Pocha boats and other ships，and ships loaded with Qianlong and other things，And the Minister of the Imperial Qian、Minister of the guard、Military Minister、Yuqian Guard、Qianqingmen guard ship，Zai Royal Ship，The guards of the Shangyi Courtyard、Officials criticize the military aircraft、Guard Office、Cabinet、Officials from the Ministry of War，Follow -up camel and cattle and sheep boats。Where，35 cows used in the tea house carried tea house，300 cattle used in the dining room。

 

Third is the high specifications of the Royal Dao and the bet365 Play online games palace。Qianlong South Patrol Road has three specifications: first -class imperial roads are made of bricks with patterns，Generally used in important parts of southern cities。Time to Royal Dao Slate，built from the stone chip in a bead -shaped -like arrangement，About one meter wide，Auspicious auspicious patterns are embedded in about ten meters every ten meters，Such Kirin、B、Double money、treasure bottle, etc.，Mountains above Jiangnan Scenic Area、Lingyan Mountain、Tianping Mountain and other mountain roads。Palace of soil for the imperialism，Requires crushing solid、flat。For the southern tour，Qianlong built many palaces in Jiangnan。These palaces may be built in mountains and water colors、Beautiful place，or a higher terrain、Open Place。All buildings in the palace are all，Ru Gaozheng Temple Palace，There is a front、Middle、Post -three halls，Including tea meals、West with room、Painting room、Xichi、Bridge Pavilion、Channel、Watch theater、Zhakou Pavilion、Pavilion Room、Case Tower、Slate Fang、Arrow Hall、Maruko Pavilion、卧、Chan Mountain Gate、Right Chamber、Dynamic Flower Gate、Post -photo room, etc.，Hundreds of Pavilion。Most of them are displayed by Qianlong in the palace。If you take the water road，Then stop the pier。The dock is mostly one, two or three miles in the city gate of the prefecture.。Wharf Camp 50 Feet，The queen queen camp 25 feet。1 on the residential ship with a Sanzhang Sifang account house，1 Earlier Tent House，Stap at the dock，Disassembling early in the morning。Wharf Example Ball brown carpet，Not allowed to be red、​​yellow and other felt。

 

Fourth is the diet and pay attention to。The life in Qianlong's fortune is almost the same as that in the palace，Dozens of milk cows in the daily tea room，Hundreds of cows and sheep for dining rooms。The diet of accompanying officials is also very rich。According to relevant historical records，Some officials are 10 pieces of five pupa bowls: bird's nest chicken soup、Sea Ginseng Huiyi、Fresh radish silk、kelp pork belly shreds、Abalone Sub -Pearl Vegetables、Lighty Shrimp Soup、Fish fins crab、Mushroom 煨 chicken、轳 Hammer、Fish belly ham、Shark skin chicken juice、Blood powder soup、Yipin -grade soup rice bowl。Some officials are 20 pieces of foreign discs，Hot Eat and Pedicate 20 flavors，20 pieces of small dishes，Cructer 10 Table，Fresh Fruit 10 Table，The bet365 best casino games so -called "Man Han Xi"。Eight Banners followers、Diet of Guard and relevant personnel，Some are milk tea、jellyfish、Fish Symptom、Red and white pork、Fire burned piglet、Fire roast goose、Hard Noodle Bao，There are also milk cake wine、Vinegar Big Pig Big Sheep、Meat Side、Portlasite。

 

Five is that local officials are preparing to be comprehensive but strange。Yangzhou Enfengyuan is the place of accommodation in the Qianlong south tour of the followers，Dozens of official houses in the construction of official houses in the housing corridor，For the Customs Management Customs Customs Customs Customs，Officers and soldiers of the empty field followers、Exacher, etc.。Background in the garden，Muchi Raiders around。China Construction Yellow Wood Gas，For Yuma Factory。Warrome Board Green Banner each bid for each horses 4000 horsepower，Guard by Wu Yan。Follow Camel only stands another wooden grid，called "Camel Ying"。There are many open spaces in the northern suburbs，Prepare officers and soldiers to apply for a house cover，Lifeng Banner recognition，Dig land is a soil stove。During the reception process，Local officials are wonderful，False fake，blindly catering。"Royal boat is about to reach Zhenjiang，About ten miles apart，Look at a big peach on the shore，Great，Color red and green cute。Royal boat is near，Sudden fireworks，Flame Four Shooting，Snake Zhixia Teng，Several dazzling people。Between Russia，Tao Yan Ran crack，Zei Naine Theater，There are hundreds of people above，Fang Yan Shou Shan Fuhai New Opera。”

 

Six is ​​the detailed details of Qianlong South Pavilion，Many personnel involved。Qianlong Patrol Place，Hongye Temple officials early that Baili learned that Baili led the local gentlemen to welcomes ten miles away;，Also welcomes waiting for driving，Kneel and Kneel Send。Village Women must also kneel to look at Saint Rong，Can't help but women，Let the man exit the village，Can't help but women，It is often "old child support，Ten million，Yue Mo Mo，No trample "。 

 

　　Farmers uprising indicates that the storm is coming

Corresponding to the excessive cost of the Qianlong South Tour，is Shandong、Jiangsu、The people of Zhejiang, especially the lives of the victims。Qianlong South Tour，"Fuzhou County Officer，Private factions to invade，Giving a boss "" to the people's livelihood loses "phenomenon is more serious。As early as the South Tour of Kangxi，"From Tai'an Prefecture，bet365 live casino games See Xintai、Meng Yin、Yizhou、Tancheng and other places in Guo Guo Village，Li Min is suffering from the disaster "。Passing Tai'an、New Tai、Meng Yin、Yizhou、Tancheng and other states and counties，See "The people are suffering from the disaster，Noodles with dishes，Dress 褴褛 "，"Those who clamp the road are very crowded"。During the Qianlong period，The lives of the victims are even more difficult，Xuzhou area is often apologized by water，"Most of the slums have traveled to Shangqiu, Henan、Yucheng，Shandong Cao、Local conspirators in the county "。April of the 22nd year of Qianlong，Qianlong's second South Tour after passing through Xuzhou，"Taoyuan、Suqian、邳zhou、Suining Zhuzhou County，鹄，Look at each other "。

 

Qianlong South Patrol has transformed the regional class contradictions，Treating the resistance of the majority of farmers。In Shandong、Jiangsu、Zhejiang，Farmers' anti -rent、Dou Tian、Getting food、Anti -food、Anti -scientific struggle constantly happened，Eventually, the uprising against feudal autocratic rule。Qianlong 23rd Autumn，Xianghua Town, Chongming County, Jiangsu，Due to renting contradictions，To the rents of the households，There are villagers "gathered many people。County officials and camps to Chaka，There are villagers "gathered many people，Perseverance of Bamboo Revisibility，Broken Military Service "。The first month of the thirty -first year of Qianlong，Wujiashan 岙 place in Wujiashan, Yixian County, Zhejiang，Wu Buyuan and others organized an armed uprising。Wu Buyuan and Wu Yougong、Zhang Benji and other organizations dozens of people，Make weapons such as swords in the mountains，The yellow silk flag of the preparation of the uprising、Yellow paper flag in black silk，Anti -clearing words on the flag。The uprising also posted a "Ming" on the net towel and felt hat。When the officers and soldiers come to the encirclement，Uprising "Holding the enemy with the weapon，Cut injury arrest，Ding Ding Ding "。

 

Qianlong thirty -nine years，Shandong was apologized for harvest，Local officials levy violent convergence，caused a strong resistance to farmers。Wang Lun took advantage of the opportunity to use the Qingshui Education Organization to prepare to start in the fall of that year，Armydian、Marshal、General Soldier and other official positions。Relaxing the uprising time of the uprising，Shouzhang County official government sent bet365 Play online games troops to capture，I have to advance in August in advance，Participants with more than 4,000 people。Wang Lun led the uprising army to wrap white scarf，Holding a big knife、Long Gun，Enter Shouzhang County，Killing Zhixian Shen Qiyi，Step Broken Yanggu in the second day of September，The fourth day is according to Tangyi。Uprising Army to find inventory silver，Release Supervisor，Get the public's support，Team expansion，Once the Big Earthquake，The only siege of Luzhou's only soldier and the governor of Shandong Xu Ji，Bei Shangzhuan to Linqing。Linqing is the traffic hub of the North and South Water Road，Qianlong South Tour Places。Qianlong Sui School Scholars Schushhard is the Minister of Greats，Special Select Jianrui、One thousandth of the Second Battalion of Fire Through Battalion，from Er Lawan Dorji、Du Yu Shi AShaha led，Go to Linqing。late September，Gathering of the Qing Army Brigade，The Uprising Army was surrounded by the old city of Linqing。Qianlong also ordered Zhili Governor Zhou Yuanli、Governor of the River Yao Lide sent troops to assist for assistance。Uprising Army bravely fights，Using a humble weapon such as swords and other advantageous firearms such as bird guns，Failure to fail due to the defeat of the widow，Wang Lun's self -immolation，Yuzhong or Battle Death，or was killed after being captured。Wang Lun Uprising occurs in the place where Qianlong South Tour must pass，Participants thousands，Last for nearly a month，It heralds the coming of a larger -scale peasant uprising storm。

 

(The author is a researcher at the Institute of Modern History of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences，former director of the Chinese Mongolian History Society、Director of the Chinese National History Association、External experts of the National Qing History Compilation Committee)