Zhang Ju is the famous politician and reformers in the history of our country，He hosted the national government for ten years in the early years of Wanli，A large reform reform，The Ming Dynasty appeared in the Ming Dynasty，Therefore, it is known as "Yuanfu Liangchen" and "Save the Phase"。Zhang Juzheng's research has always been one of the hot spots in the history of the Ming and Qing Dynasties，Feng Ming's "Zhang Juzheng Reform Group Research" (China Social Science Press, 2023 edition) is based on Zhang Juzheng's reform group，Putting Zhang Juzheng's reform in the background of historical evolution in the middle and late Ming Dynasty，Disposal Zhang Juzheng's reform group and Zhang Juzheng reform、The relationship between the political structure and social changes in the late Ming Dynasty。

The concept of "social group" comes from sociology。Social group research has unique value，In Social History、Economic History、Cultural history and other fields are widely used。As far as the history of the Ming and Qing Dynasties is concerned，Most of the targets of existing social group research are concentrated in scholars、Elite groups bet365 best casino games such as bureaucratic bureaucracy, as well as middle and lower layers or edge groups，For example, the survivor、Women、Mountains、胥、Costume, etc.。In the past Zhang Juzheng research，Most of them are focused on him and Emperor Wanli、Empress Li、Feng Bao、Xu Jie、Gao Gong and others' relationships。This book will actively support and participate in reform members as a social group，The concept of "Zhang Juzheng's Reform Group" was proposed，and compose from the group、Wanli New Deal、Discussion on the three levels of the political situation in the late Ming Dynasty。

　　bet365 live casino games Zhang Juzheng's reform group is a political group that actively participates in reform and forms close interests under his leadership。Zhang Juzheng's main political activities are divided into sub -auxiliary periods、Shoufu early stage、Three stages in the later stage of the first assistance，Zhang Juzheng's reform group formed formed、The process of maturity and differentiation of development，Basically consistent with this。This group is divided into core members and marginal members，Core members refer to those who have been reused by Zhang Ju、The main promoter or executor of a certain or various reform measures，Some of them also have close private relationships with Zhang Juzheng; edge members pointed out that those who have not participated in the specific reform process but followed Zhang Juzheng and have a certain impact on their reforms。The book is comprehensively climbing historical materials and meticulous analysis，Statistics that there are 70 people in Zhang Juzheng's reform group，65 of the core members、5 members of the edge。Its source is wide、There are many types，Including the same year、Fellow、Friend、Infucius、Family servant、Colleagues、subordinates、Teachers, students, etc.。Zhang Juzheng's reform group has the following distinctive characteristics: Chu people are heavy、Southern people，Chu Guan experience、Officials，Jinshi as the main、He has very little ones，Officials、Governor of Governor，Main resume、Diverse Interaction。The representative member of the book for each situation、Main resume、distribution status, etc. A qualitative and quantitative analysis，From it, you can get a glimpse of Zhang Juzheng's "personnel secret" for promoting reforms to promote reform。

　　Next，Examine the interactive relationship within the reform of Zhang Juzheng and how they play a role in the Wanli New Deal，"Administrative Strategy" used by Zhang Ju Zhengtao。Zhang Juzheng relied on the reform group to promote the new policy，Its members were mostly first -class talents at that time。For example，Ping Cingle Internal Rebellion，Relying on Geng Dingxiang、Ling Yunyi、Zeng Province Wu and others; defense north，Relying on Tan Lun、Fang Fengshi、Wang Chonggu、Qi Jiguang、Li Chengliang and others;，Relying on Pan Jihu、Pang Shangpeng、Geng Dingxiang、Song Yiwang、Lao Kang et al.;，Relying on Pan Jihu、Ling Yunyi and others。These people are the core members of their reform group、The main promoters and executors of the reform business，They have a close private relationship with Zhang Juzheng，You are also happy for Zhang Juzheng。Zhang Juzheng's reform group has formed from the Central Pavilion Minister、Minister of the Ministry of the Minister to the local governor、The complete administrative system of state officials，shortened the reform measures from brewing、The time to implement it，Ensure the execution of administration and the effectiveness of reform。Zhang Juzheng uses the book 牍 to communicate with group members，Learn from them，Discussion related issues，Reasonable suggestion，Timely adjust policy。Zhang Juzheng advocates the practice of the world，Abandoning emptiness，Pay attention to "Administrative Strategy"，Under the division of labor in the reform group，The New Deal can be promoted steadily。

　　Last，Inspect the case of Zhang Juzheng's reform group and interact with other groups，Show the "Historical Mirror" of Zhang Juzheng's reform group and the change of political situation in the late Ming Dynasty。Zhang Juzheng's reform group is a loose interest community，Lack of common goals and close organizations，Mainly rely on Zhang Juzheng's power and personal charm to maintain，Therefore, the change is not living、Severe differentiation。Zhang Juzheng ascended to the cabinet's first assistant、In the whole process of brewing reform plan and implementation of reform，The reform group has continued to change。This means that Zhang Juzheng and group members have been choosing each other constantly，It also proves that the group implements political ambitions to Zhang Juzheng、Promotion comprehensive reform has played a vital role。This group has not become a special political group for the solidification of interests，Never reduced to the party to cut the difference、Do not ask the right and wrong "Friends Party"，It is different from the long -term diligence between the "Niu Li Dang" and the front and back of the Wang Anshi reform in the Song Dynasty.。This is not only related to the unprecedented strengthening of the monarchy of the Ming Dynasty，It is also due to Zhang Juzheng's calmness and openness、Political character of knowing people and good appointments。But，After the dispute between "seizing love"，Zhang Juzheng's paranoia，Multi -appointed apprentice with Aya，This causes the differentiation of the reform group，Turn point for becoming a life and political career。Zhang Juzheng's reform group and the royal family、Central Officer、The relationship between groups and other groups is becoming more tense，Affects the advancement of reform。Zhang Juzheng died of illness，Its group has lost the soul figure and core，In the wave of political high pressure and liquidation，"The cited person，Scolding "，Quickly fall apart，Exit the stage of history。But，"One Flag Method" and many other reform measures are still continuted。

Many reforms have occurred in Chinese history，Zhang Juzheng's reform is relatively successful in many reforms in the past，This is closely related to the existence of Zhang Juzheng's reform group。After Zhang Juzheng，Although there are several capabilities of the first ability in the late Ming Dynasty，But there is no similar dare to take responsibility、Reform group with courage to work，Zhang Juzheng's reform group becomes the noise of late Ming politics，The Ming Dynasty was pushed out of the dynasty and went to death。

(The author is a professor at the Marxist Institute of Hubei Automotive Industry)