Different from other ancient civilizations in the world，In the course of historical evolution, the Chinese nation and country have gradually formed a unique historical development path and a unique identity tradition of national identity and national identity，And constitute the unity of Chinese civilization in the historical development、Inclusiveness and the deep values ​​bet365 tennis bet Chinese nation。

　　The concepts of "harmony among all nations" and "the structure bet365 tennis bet world"

The state is not only a tool of class rule，It is also a tool for social integration。In the land of China with low productivity in the early days，External natural disasters and inter-ethnic wars，Combined with the class conflict formed by the social class stratification bet365 tennis bet settlement，formed the internal and external motivations for the evolution of early countries。Inspection from the literature，The land bet365 tennis bet Central Plains more than 4,000 years ago，This is an era of frequent disasters，Another period of intense conflict between tribes。In order to cope with this environmental challenge，As early as the Tang and Yu era more than 4,000 years ago，A huge tribal alliance of "voluntary alliance" was produced。The important function of this kind of tribal alliance is to strengthen the internal and external stress mechanism，According to each clan、The common strength bet365 tennis bet tribe，To resist a single clan、The flood that the tribe cannot withstand、Drought；Through social integration within the alliance，Achieve ordering of tribal groups in the same region，Eliminate internal wars and resist harassment from other tribes、Invasion。In the late Neolithic period，This aggregation of inter-regional settlements shows an accelerating trend，And constitutes the dual mechanism bet365 tennis bet "historicization" movement bet365 tennis bet Neolithic Age。On the one hand，War、Migration、Disasters and other factors，Make political communities of blood and geography into clans、The survival "shell" of tribe members has strong vitality。On the other hand，Wars and Floods、Sea flooding or drought，Make a single clan、The tribe must seek help from other tribes living in the same area，Use "similar" group methods to deal with threats and challenges。This challenge and response mechanism，The tribal communities based on blood and region gradually formed a layer-by-layer composite social organization，It not only promotes the development of prehistoric political communities，It also promotes the consistency of ethnic identity and political body identity in each political body。

A settlement tied by blood ties in prehistoric China、Cohesion of settlement groups，It will cause prehistoric ancestors to transfer the main body of belief and main god worship of primitive religion to the worship of ancestor gods that is closely related to reality，That is, by respecting the ancestor gods as the supreme god，Make the ethnic and political identity bet365 tennis bet settlement organization more religious and legitimate。Because the scope of belief in the "ancestors" and "ancestors" of ancestor gods is usually kept within the boundaries bet365 tennis bet political body to which their descendants belong，Therefore it must be based on secular politics、Military power is the premise，Strive to expand the boundaries of its political body。This makes it extraordinarily open、Extensibility、Inclusiveness，Its cohesion with prehistoric blood clans、Centripetal forces adapt to each other，Mutual fit，Constructing a blood relationship、Race、Culture，Towards the surrounding area、The racially open and boundless view of "the world" and the etiquette tradition of Chinese civilization based on blood clans。

It is this political and cultural tradition，To equip prehistoric countries with transcendent culture、The broad mind bet365 tennis bet race and the grand imagination of "the world"。The period from Tang and Yu to the Three Dynasties，With the rapid expansion bet365 tennis bet Central Plains political body，The situation of "all nations" coming to Korea and the concept of "the structure bet365 tennis bet world" were formed。The so-called "Shangshu·Yao Dian" says "the nine races are in harmony，Pingzhang people。The people are clear，Concord among all nations”；In "Historical Records·Xia Benji" "All the people are determined，All nations are governed”，It should be the absorption of various large and small political entities (settlement groups or "ancient cities" and "ancient countries") by the huge tribal alliances during the Yao, Shun, and Yu periods、Accommodate、Integration。This kind of political cultural gene gave birth to and strengthened the political construction of early countries in the Central Plains，It also gave birth to a new value form, the concept of "the structure bet365 tennis bet world"。

The simultaneous emergence of states and nations in the "Xia" Dynasty about 4,000 years ago，It is precisely the embodiment bet365 tennis bet consistency between national identity and national identity promoted by this concept of "tianxia"。In the eyes of ancient Chinese，The mutual coupling between the Xia state and the Xia nation，In order to cope with external pressures such as floods in the agricultural production environment、Conflict、Exists due to racial rationality and cultural consensus formed by challenges such as war。For example, the ancients usually believed that the establishment bet365 tennis bet Xia Dynasty was the result of Dayu's "annihilation bet365 tennis bet flood，The result of breaking through the rivers and connecting all the barbarians and nine states... and establishing ten thousand kingdoms"。"The Inscription on the Uncle's Corpse" says: "There are nine states in Xianzhou，Chu Yu’s Blockage。" "Poetry·Shang Song·Long Hair" says: "The flood is vast，Yu laid down the earthwork，The big foreign country is Xinjiang。"This shows that in the eyes bet365 tennis bet ancients，Dayu's flood control is directly related to the formation of regional countries and the "Xia" nation。And the evolution of this relationship，That is, the mutual coupling process of politics and nation is realized through cultural identity。"Shang Shu Yu Gong" said that Yu followed the mountains and dredged the rivers，Then achieve "the unity bet365 tennis bet four seas"，Liufu Kongxiu，Common soil Jiaozheng，Shi Shen Wealth，Xianze San soil，Chengfu Zhongbang...Yu Xi Xuangui，The prosecution was successful”。There are many such records in "The Book of Songs", "Zuo Zhuan", "Guoyu", etc.，This reflects the contemporary people’s historical understanding bet365 tennis bet word-of-mouth transmission of three generations of civilization。It explains the national and national identity named after "Xia"，It has surpassed the boundaries of one country and one clan at that time，And it has a broader meaning of national identity and political country integration。

　　The evolution of bet365 tennis bet nation and national identity

In the history of Chinese civilization for thousands of years，National identity and national identity are often the same as never before。For example, the internal and external conflicts in the Spring and Autumn Period，The coordinates bet365 tennis bet intersection bet365 tennis bet themes bet365 tennis bet era are set at the point of "respecting the king and rejecting the barbarians"。“Respecting the king and rejecting the barbarians” clearly reflects the major theme of politics and nation bet365 tennis bet times，It is also the flag bet365 tennis bet transformation of Chinese national identity and national identity into the new era。In a political sense，“Respecting the King” highlights the concept of sovereignty bet365 tennis bet Chinese political state，Using the flag of Emperor Zhou as the symbol bet365 tennis bet highest power bet365 tennis bet Chinese political community，Thus hoping to abide by the institutional order bet365 tennis bet Chinese political country through "respecting the king"。From the perspective of national significance，“Rejecting the foreigners” highlights the conscious ethnic cognition and self-identity bet365 tennis bet Chinese nation。"Zuo Zhuan" Min Gong Anniversary Qi Guanzhong said: "Rong Di Jackal，Not disgusting；Zhu Xia is intimate，Can’t give up。" "Guoyu · Zhou Yuzhong" King Zhou Ding said: "F Rong、Di，Taking too little care，Greedy but unwilling to give in。His vitality cannot be cured，Like a beast。”Obviously，The above argument contains the superior sensibility of Zhu Xia culture，Also has the rational consciousness to unite all Xia in order to survive。This kind of consciousness developed in the history bet365 tennis bet Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period，Gradually forming the Chinese nation、Civilized characteristics of national integration。

The historical evolution bet365 tennis bet Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period essentially played a role in positioning the development direction bet365 tennis bet Chinese state and nation。First, with the wave of Chineseization pushing to all directions，The Chinese national cultural circle further expands to the four border areas，More and more Yi and Di lands are included in the scope of Chinese culture，Many former Yi and Di people have integrated into Chinese culture，Become part bet365 tennis bet Chinese nation。The second is many states、The country was also annexed by big powers during the annexation war，The process of political integration continues to accelerate。The historical evolution bet365 tennis bet ethnic integration from Zhuxia to Huaxia (Han) and the political integration from states to empires (Qin and Han) that broke out during the Warring States Period is an unstoppable trend。With the large-scale political integration and ethnic integration in the Central Plains and surrounding areas since the Qin and Han Dynasties，The fierce ethnic antagonism in the Spring and Autumn Period also gradually eased，The relationship between China and Yi has basically stabilized。In this kind of country、In the process of national integration，The ideologies bet365 tennis bet Huaxia people and the people of surrounding ethnic groups have also undergone important changes，That is, the inseparable identity of "China" as a sovereign and the Chinese nation as a national subject has become a consensus，And gradually settled into the Chinese nation、The country’s deep-seated values。

The Qin and Han Dynasties were an era of earth-shaking changes in ancient China since the Xia, Shang and Zhou dynasties。The establishment bet365 tennis bet unified state of Qin and Han，It is a critical period in the transformation from the patriarchal feudal state system and the early Chinese nation marked by "Zhuxia" to a unified monarchy and centralized state and a unified Han nation。It gave rise to a unified dynasty and the Han nation、In the process of development，Enter a new conscious state of national construction and national identity。The "grand unification" of Emperor Wu's era included not only political unification、Cultural unity，Also includes the idea of ​​national harmony and unity of "the world is one"。It is this concept of "the world is one" bet365 tennis bet country and nation among the scholars and people bet365 tennis bet Han Dynasty，Constructed the grand dynasty atmosphere during the reign of Emperor Wu。Especially about the Han Dynasty countries、On the issue of nation building，"Historical Records" written by Sima Qian, an outstanding historian bet365 tennis bet Han Dynasty，Provides a theoretical basis for the national and ethnic views of "the common ancestors of Hua and Yi" and "the ancestors of holy kings"。"Historical Records·The Chronicles bet365 tennis bet Five Emperors" and other chapters regard the Yellow Emperor as the ancestor bet365 tennis bet Chinese nation and the first emperor bet365 tennis bet Chinese country，General Huns、South Vietnamese、East Vietnamese、Southwestern Yi and other ethnic groups are included in the lineage bet365 tennis bet same ancestors of China，With an open and inclusive mind，Constructed the five thousand years of Chinese civilization history starting from the Five Emperors and Three Kings，And became the ethnic and national heritage bet365 tennis bet Chinese people who have "the same origin and the same ancestor" and the "ancestor bet365 tennis bet holy kings"、Legal System、The origin of rule。

thereafter，Through Wei and Jin Dynasties、Song, Yuan and Ming and Qing dynasties，In the process of political integration from ancient states to empires and the integration of "Zhuxia" to bet365 tennis bet，Despite the divisions of unity and divided dynasties，However, Chinese civilization has always maintained an endless and continuous evolution process。This evolutionary process is closely related to the inherent characteristics of Chinese civilization，This is ancient Chinese civilization in politics、There is a strong consistency in national identity，At the same time, it does not close itself off，Still showing an openness、Compatible、Cohesion、The form and characteristics of etiquette and justice。These features include the following points。

First，Racial Compatibility。From the Spring and Autumn Period to Modern Times，Many ethnic groups and their clans around China、Tribe，Through the cultural and marriage integration with the Chinese (Han) people，Gradually integrate into the Chinese (Han) national family。Especially the major ethnic conflicts and integrations in ancient Chinese history，Accelerated the development bet365 tennis bet Chinese (Han) nation、Strength。For example, the great prosperity bet365 tennis bet Tang Dynasty，It was founded on the integration of nationalities in the Wei and Jin Dynasties、Based on the mixture of Hu and Han。

Second，Cultural openness。Chinese culture often transcends race、Great tolerance of cultural differences、Interoperability and openness。Take the Qin, Han, Wei and Jin Dynasties as an example，Zou Lu in the Qin and Han Dynasties during the unification bet365 tennis bet East and West、Cultural integration in Guanzhong，The blending of Chu and Han cultures in the north and south，Until the great integration of various ethnic cultures during the Wei and Jin Dynasties，Integrate Chinese culture into the civilization elements of various regions，More colorful。Therefore, although ancient "China" was relatively fixed in time and space，But culturally very open。As long as we recognize the values ​​of Chinese culture、Moral concepts，You can be accepted by Chinese civilization，Various ethnic groups、All kinds of civilization achievements can be penetrated、Integrated into Chinese civilization。

　Third，The country’s security obligations to the nation。In the consciousness bet365 tennis bet Chinese (Han) people，The indivisibility of "China" as sovereignty and the Chinese (Han) nation as the subject bet365 tennis bet Chinese nation has become a consensus。The state’s responsibility to safeguard unity and the harmony bet365 tennis bet Chinese nation、Co-prosperity is often closely linked。For example, since Qin and Han Dynasties，North Defense、The Southern Expedition became the most important political event in the dynasties of all dynasties、Diplomacy、Military priorities。The Great Wall was built in Qin Dynasty、Yu Beifang，Emperor Wu bet365 tennis bet Han Dynasty launched a large-scale attack on the Xiongnu and others，They are all countries like this、Representation of national integration consciousness。So whenever a national crisis comes，People often "save the nation" (nation、Culture) is associated with "saving the country" (political country)，Put this hope of saving the nation from danger on the country，We hope that those in power can lead the people，Take responsibility for saving the nation and the nation。This is in the history of our country，There are countless examples to illustrate。Especially after the Opium War in modern times，“Saving the nation” and “saving the country” have become the trend bet365 tennis bet times and the two major inspiring themes，Thus having strong vitality。

The deep value structure bet365 tennis bet unity of Chinese civilization

　In the thousands of years of history since Qin and Han Dynasties，The Chinese people often judge the country on the unity bet365 tennis bet country and the unity bet365 tennis bet nation、Basic standards for the rise and fall of national strength，And form a nation、A deep feeling bet365 tennis bet country、The endless cultural psychology and social ideals。The rule of Wenjing in history、The merits of Hanwu、The reason why the sound bet365 tennis bet prosperous Tang Dynasty has been praised by people for a long time，The reason is that these grand dynasties are first and foremost a nation、The dynasty that unified the country，A country is stable、National harmony、An era of social tranquility。

In ancient China，Divide and combine、Conflict and integration often go hand in hand。But the result of every conflict，Always higher level、New adjustments to larger-scale ethnic relations and production relations，And lead to more powerful、The emergence of a prosperous unified empire and national community，Make Chinese civilization more prosperous。Behind the inevitability of transformation from conflict to integration，One bet365 tennis bet most important reasons lies in our nation、The deep cultural values ​​accumulated in the national consciousness，That is, a country based on cultural identity、Consistency of national identity。There are many situations in world history where a nation has been divided into multiple countries for a long time。But in China，People often regard the country as a symbol bet365 tennis bet nation，Taking nation as the cornerstone bet365 tennis bet country，Even the country、The dual unity bet365 tennis bet nation is regarded as the lofty goal of realizing the value of life。National crisis is national crisis，In national and national crisis，The identity between countries and nations often reaches unprecedented consensus，And become a life value orientation that people are willing to go through fire and water for。This kind of value orientation and national collective rationality involve all aspects of people。Even the humble Taohui people who hold injustice，As long as it touches on the theme of country and nation，I can also sing with sorrow and anger、Considering death。

This kind of consistency between national identity and national identity，Formed the unique feelings bet365 tennis bet Chinese nation。Regardless of whether they are representatives bet365 tennis bet landlord class or feudal intellectuals (including representatives bet365 tennis bet peasant class)，The unity of nation and country is often regarded as its politics、The natural mission and highest goal of military affairs。Even some monarchs of ethnic minorities who are deeply influenced by Han culture regard unification as their lifelong mission and goal。To modern times，After the Opium War，Facing the Nation、The country’s peril and the task of modernization and development，Modern patriots actively explore the path to national and national rejuvenation。They are governed by the deep-seated value concept bet365 tennis bet unity of Chinese civilization，Creatively put forward the idea of ​​unifying political revolution and national revolution，And build a new Chinese nation-state with this as the core。This fundamentally eliminates the tension between the identities of a pluralistic nation and a country，Laid the foundation for the formation bet365 tennis bet pluralistic unity bet365 tennis bet Chinese nation。So，When the increasingly decaying Roman Empire was invaded and blocked by "barbarian peoples" pouring in from all directions、The development process of national civilization，China is trying to save itself from the crisis of ethnic and class conflicts。This explains，China has a very strong mechanism for self-regulation and coping with challenges。The basis of this self-regulation，It is the deep value concept of national identity and national identity established on the cornerstone bet365 tennis bet unity of Chinese civilization。

(Author’s unit: School of bet365 tennis bet and Society, Chongqing Normal University)