"bet365 champions league" is a compilation of maxims and warnings from past dynasties in the Ming Dynasty，Mainly teaches how to behave in the world。This book is deeply loved by the people，And widely spread among the people，Become a well-known traditional cultural classic，But the year when the book was written remains a mystery。To facilitate reading and understanding of this book，Now we will verify the year when it was written。

　"The Peony bet365 champions league" is not enough evidence

In recent years，Relevant works are based on "The Peony Pavilion" by Tang Xianzu，Date the writing date of "bet365 champions league" in the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty。For example，"bet365 champions league" translated and annotated by Feng Guochao (Commercial Press 2017 edition)，The "Preface" says: "In the seventh chapter of "The Peony Pavilion" written by Tang Xianzu (1550-1616 AD), a Ming Dynasty opera writer, "Gui Shu"，There is "Xi Shi Xian Wen"，Forbidden to kill people’ sentence，Some scholars believe，This "Xi Shi Xian Wen" is "Xi Shi Xian Wen"。If this is true，Then bet365 champions league would not have been written later than the Ming Dynasty。"bet365 champions league" translated and annotated by Li Chongfeng (2021 edition of Zhonghua Book Company)，The "Preface" also says: "The original name of "bet365 champions league" is "Xishi Xianwen"，Also known as "Ancient and Modern Sages"。I don’t know who compiled this book，When did it start。The title of the book was first seen in Tang Xianzu’s opera "The Peony Pavilion" during the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty。The seventh one, "Guishu", says: '..."Xi Shi Xian Wen"，Forbidden to kill people，When the season is good, it’s easy to teach a parrot to call for tea。’According to research，Here "Xi Shi Xian Wen" is "Xi Shi Xian Wen"。It can be inferred from this，This book was written during the Wanli period at the latest。”The above statement，There are at least three flaws。

一，"Xianshiwen" and "Zengguangxianwen" are not the same book。The first sentence of "bet365 champions league" says: "The Xianwen of the past，诲RUhenzhen。Jiyun Zengguang，See more and hear more。”This shows，"bet365 champions league" is an updated supplement to "Yushi Xianwen"。The Rixintang collection contains the woodcut version of "Xianshiwen" in the 24th year of Jiaqing (1819)，Title "Newly Engraved Large Characters and Phrases from the Past"，184 sentences in total，150 sentences less than "bet365 champions league"，Full proof that "Xi Shi Xian Wen" is different from "Zeng Guang Xian Wen"。

　Second，The "Xi Shi Xian Wen" mentioned in "The Peony Pavilion"，With "the virtuous articles of the past" in the first sentence of "bet365 champions league"，There is one word difference between the two。Feng Guochao did not specify which scholars believe that "Xi Shi Xian Wen" is "Xi Shi Xian Wen"，Li Chongfeng did not explain in detail the textual research process of "Xi Shi Xian Wen" or "Xi Shi Xian Wen"。so far，There is no evidence to prove that "Xi Shi Xian Wen" and "Xi Shi Xian Wen" are the same book。

　Third，“Xi Shi Xian Wen” and “Xi Shi Xian Wen” refer to different contents。The seventh rendition of "The Peony Pavilion" was written by Du Liniang，Speaking of "Xi Shi Xian Wen"，Forbidden to kill people”；The fifth one explains it in detail，The "Four Books and Five Classics" and some other "Books and History" and other Confucian classics are the main content of "Xi Shixianwen"。And the "Xianwen of the Past" included in "bet365 champions league"，These are some famous aphorisms from the past。These famous aphorisms are not only taken from Confucian classics，Also taken from Taoism、Buddhist writings，Different from the "Xi Shi Xian Wen" read by Du Liniang，Not the target of criticism of "The Peony Pavilion"。

Since "The Peony Pavilion" cannot be used as a basis for determining the year when "bet365 champions league" was written，Then we need to look for additional clues。

　　Inference on the upper bet365 champions league writing date

"bet365 champions league" compiles and organizes aphorisms from past dynasties，Someone has done similar work before。Except "The Sages of the Past"，Works that can become the source of "bet365 champions league"，The first is "Tai Gong's Tutoring" in the Tang Dynasty。This book is a children’s education book in the Dunhuang posthumous book，Compiled by modern people，285 sentences in total，There are 43 sentences that are identical or basically similar to "bet365 champions league"。The second is "Collection of Famous Sages" of the Southern Song Dynasty。There are 182 sentences in the book，There are 31 sentences that are identical or basically similar to "bet365 champions league"。The third is "Shi Lin Guang Ji" by Chen Yuanjin of the Southern Song Dynasty。Volume 9 of the book "Previous Collection"，Includes 167 aphorisms，There are 59 sentences that are identical or basically similar to "bet365 champions league"。The fourth is the collection of Fan Liben in the early Ming Dynasty、"Mingxin Baojian" printed in the 26th year of Hongwu (1393)，There are 140 sentences that are identical or basically similar to "bet365 champions league"，Accounting for 42% of the total number of sentences in "bet365 champions league"。The above four works，The latest book was written in the 26th year of Hongwu。"bet365 champions league" should be compiled after the above-mentioned work was written，The upper limit of its writing date should not be earlier than the 26th year of Hongwu。

Combined with the information revealed in the text of "bet365 champions league"，We can also speculate on the upper limit of its writing age from another angle。"bet365 champions league" has "The first to come is the king，The phrase "Later comes to serve as a minister"，It means whoever arrives first can become the emperor，Those who arrive later can only be ministers。This historical story took place in the Ming Dynasty。Zhu Houzhao, Emperor Wuzong of Ming Dynasty, died of illness，No heirs left。Empress Dowager Zhang and the Chief Minister of the Cabinet Yang Tinghe made a plan，Issue a secret edict to the three princes surnamed Zhu，Order him to return to Beijing to express condolences，And agreed: "The first to come is the king，The latecomer is the minister。"The Xingwang Mansion where Zhu Houcong is located is the farthest from Beijing，Advisor Yan Song offers suggestions，Let Zhu Houcong pretend to be an imperial prisoner，Ride in the prison car，Hidden the eyes and ears of the other two princes，Travel day and night，Be the first to arrive in the capital，Successfully ascended the throne as emperor，This is Emperor Jiajing，The two princes who arrived later had no choice but to bow their heads。It can be inferred based on this allusion，bet365 champions league should have been written after Emperor Jiajing ascended the throne in the Ming Dynasty。Emperor Jiajing reigned from 1521 to 1567，The upper limit of the writing date of "bet365 champions league" should be 1521。

　　Inference on the lower bet365 champions league writing date

Search the "National Ancient Books Census Registration Basic Database" of the National Library of China、Taiwan’s “Academia Sinica Handian Full Text Retrieval System”、The bibliographic information can be found on the Kongfuzi Old Books Network，"bet365 champions league" has not yet seen the Ming Dynasty edition，The various existing engravings are all after the Qing Dynasty。The Qing Dynasty version of "bet365 champions league"，Nearly 20 kinds now。For example，Dayintang woodblock version of "bet365 champions league"，Published in the twelfth year of Jiaqing；"New Engraved Zengguang Past Sages" engraved by Lianyuan Pavilion in Foshan, Guangdong，Published in the first year of Xianfeng (1851)；"The True Version of bet365 champions league's Must-Read in the Boudoir" engraved by Shanghai Jinwentang，Published in the eleventh year of Guangxu (1885)；"Jianben Zengguang" engraved in Dawentang Shuzhuang, Quzhou, Zhejiang，Published in the third year of Xuantong (1911)。The Republic of China version of "bet365 champions league"，There are more than 20 kinds。For example，"Improved Drawings to Enlarge Ancient and Modern Sages" by Shanghai Changwen Bureau，Published in 1938；"Zeng Guang's Sages of the Past" by Ruicheng Book Company in Taiwan，Published in 1945；"Zeng Guang Xian Wen" by Chen Nan Tang Book Company in Taiwan，Published in 1945。The above version information indicates，"bet365 champions league" was written no later than the twelfth year of Jiaqing。

After "bet365 champions league" was written，Someone else added or deleted it。In these additions and deletions，Great impact、There are two widely circulated ones: "Reorder and Zengguang" and "Reorder and Zengguang"。The book "Reordering and Enlarging"，Compiled by Zhou Xitao，Written in the eighth year of Tongzhi (1869)，It was written later than "Gai Ding Zeng Guang"。Shuoguoshanren revised and patched "bet365 champions league"，The title of the book is "Xunmeng Zengguang Revised Edition"，referred to as "Revised and Augmented"。According to "Explanation of Prominent Families in Jiaxing during the Ming and Qing Dynasties" written by Gong Zhaozhi (Fangzhi Publishing House, 2011 edition): "Zheng Guangzuo，Word Four Dimensions，Originally from Yuyao，Qian Xiushui，Living in seclusion in Meihuajing in the late Ming Dynasty，Self-named Fruit Mountain Man，Student from Shaoxing Prefecture，80 years of death。" According to "Old Chronicles of Yuyao·Characters·Qing Dynasty" compiled by the Historical Records Office of Yuyao City, Zhejiang Province (2018 edition of Threadbound Book Company): "Zheng Guangzuo，Word Four Dimensions。Moved to Xiushui, Jiaxing。Proficient in astronomy。Late Ming Dynasty，Meihuajing lives in seclusion outside Yuer Bridge in Tongxiang... calls himself Shuoguoshanren。Died at the age of eighty。"If this Shuoguoshan man is the author of "Revisiting and Zengguang"，According to the above records，He existed in the late Ming Dynasty。Assume that he has been living in seclusion since he was 20 years old，And counting 1640 as the beginning of his seclusion，Assuming that he lived to be 80 years old，He should have lived until the 39th year of Kangxi (1700)。Even though he did not complete "Redefinition and Enlargement" until 1700，It can also be concluded that "bet365 champions league" was written before 1700。

　　Infer the age bet365 champions league book based on the source results

There are many versions of "bet365 champions league"，There are some textual differences between them。This article is based on the "New Engraved Zeng Guang Xi Xian Wen" engraved in Lianyuan Pavilion, Foshan, Guangdong。There are 334 sentences in this edition，Remove two sentences each at the beginning and the end，Exactly 330 sentences。Search for the sources of these 330 sentences one by one，can be found: originated from pre-Qin，52 sentences in total，The main sources are "Four Books and Five Classics"、"Laozi", "Xunzi", "Hanfeizi" and other works；Origined from the Han, Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties，35 sentences in total，The main sources include "Historical Records", "Hanshu", "Houhanshu", "Three Kingdoms", "Shishuoxinyu", "Yan Family Instructions" and other works；Origined from Sui, Tang and Five Dynasties，50 sentences in total，The main source is Li Bai、Du Fu、Bai Juyi、Han Yu、Poems and essays by Lu Yan and others，There are also Buddhist works such as Fayuan Zhulin and Zutangji；Origined from the Song Dynasty，115 sentences in total，The main source is Ouyang Xiu、Su Shi、Wang Anshi、Poems and essays by Lu You and others，And Neo-Confucianist Shao Yong、Works by Zhu Xi and others，In addition, there are also Buddhist works such as "Jingde Chuan Leng Lu", "Wu Deng Hui Yuan", "Gu Zunsu Quotations"；Origined from the Yuan Dynasty，30 sentences in total，The main source is Gao Zecheng、Guan Hanqing、Drama works by Shi Junbao and others；Origined from the Ming Dynasty，32 sentences in total，The main source is Feng Menglong、Novel by Ling Shuchu and others，Ke Danqiu、Li Kaixian、Dramas by Zheng Zhizhen and others，Gui Youguang、Li Shizhen、Poems and essays by Zhang Juzheng and others，"The Sayings of Monk Shouchang Wuming", "The Complete Record of Zen Master Tianjie Juelangsheng", "The Sayings of Monk Xueguan" and other Buddhist works；Origined from the Qing Dynasty，6 sentences in total，The sources are Wu Jingzi's "The Scholars"、Wu Xie's "Wu Xie Collection"、"Shanghai Proverb" by Hu Zude、"Nine Lives of Strange Injustice" by Wu Yanren、"The Romance of the Spring and Autumn Period" by Yun Jianzi。Also，There are still 10 famous aphorisms in "bet365 champions league" whose sources cannot be found。

The above search results show that，330 famous aphorisms from "bet365 champions league"，314 sentences appeared before the Qing Dynasty，Accounting for more than 95%。It can be concluded from this，"bet365 champions league" should be written before the Qing Dynasty。6 famous aphorisms from the Qing Dynasty，It does not necessarily appear in the Qing Dynasty，It may be that the compiler of "bet365 champions league" created it himself，Quoted by the Qing Dynasty。10 famous sayings whose sources cannot be found，This is probably the case。

Based on the appearance time of similar works of "bet365 champions league" and the information revealed in the text of "Zengguangxianwen"，The upper limit of the time it can be inferred should be 1521。Based on the version information and revision information of "bet365 champions league"，The lower limit of the time it can be inferred should be 1700。Based on the results of searching for the source of each sentence in "bet365 champions league"，It can be confirmed that "bet365 champions league" was written before the Qing Dynasty。Combining these factors，The author thinks，bet365 champions league was written roughly between 1521 and 1644。

　　(bet365 champions league is a professor at the Institute of Comprehensive Management, Beijing Academy of Social Sciences)