Exchanges and mutual learning between Eastern and Western civilizations constitute an important part of human history。Mutual learning through exchanges,East and West in material bet365 horse racing odds、Spiritual bet365 horse racing odds、Institutional bet365 horse racing odds and ecological bet365 horse racing odds and other aspects learn from and integrate each other,Connections between various regions continue to strengthen,Relatively isolated history gradually develops into real world history,As a result, Eastern and Western civilizations have entered a higher stage。Late 20th century,China is developing rapidly,The exchanges and mutual learning between Eastern and Western civilizations have gained new impetus。
Exchange bet365 horse racing odds is a way of evolution in world history
Eastern and Western civilizations have a long history of exchanges and mutual learning。About 4000 years ago,The Babylonian bet365 horse racing odds in the Mesopotamia created writing、Build a city,Promulgated the world’s earliest written law,Set an example for the development of local and surrounding bet365 horse racing odds。The Persian Empire followed,Expanding the scope of exchanges and mutual learning between Eastern and Western civilizations。The Persian Empire spanned three continents, Europe, Asia and Africa,Its power extends as far west as the Aegean Sea region,East to the foot of the Himalayas,Connecting the Mediterranean and Asia for the first time。For the success of the Persians,The Greek historian Herodotus mainly attributed it to having an open mind。Persia’s bureaucracy and bureaucracy have a multi-ethnic structure,Can reflect new ideas,So they have a developed and efficient administrative system、Strictly supervised market management system,And dense and convenient road transportation。The vast territory brought huge trade benefits to the Persian Empire,The rulers arbitrarily call upon rare treasures from Africa to Central Asia,Enabled the Greeks to see the unprecedented Eastern world,Create a historical awareness of the indivisible region of Europe and Asia,Created conditions for Alexander of Macedon’s later Eastern Expedition。
Alexander succeeded to the throne in 336 BC,Desire to inherit the territory of the Persian Empire and the rich and colorful achievements of bet365 horse racing odds。He attacked the city and seized the territory with a devastating attitude,And absorb Eastern culture with a highly tolerant and gentle attitude。He retained the old officials from various places and their official positions,Happy to use local honorary titles,Respect Persian fashions and customs,Strive to win the loyalty of the locals。Due to his conquests,Western Art、Literature、Religion etc. also spread eastward,The formation of the Hellenistic era,Making ancient Greek bet365 horse racing odds the first large-scale conflict with Persia、India、The intersection and integration of Central Asian and Chinese civilizations。The contact with different ideas broadens the horizons of all ethnic groups,Triggered new concepts and creations,Urban bet365 horse racing odds and rural bet365 horse racing odds、The interaction between settled bet365 horse racing odds and nomadic bet365 horse racing odds is unprecedentedly active,The history of Eurasia is developing towards a closer "world history"。
The rise and development of the Silk Road brought the exchanges and mutual learning between ancient Eastern and Western civilizations to their peak。2nd century BC,Zhang Qian hollowed out the Western Region,Building a trade channel between Chang'an and Rome,Chinese products represented by silk sell well in Europe, Asia and Africa。The continued prosperity of the Silk Road,Let the west coast of the Pacific and the east coast of the Atlantic be connected for the first time,stimulating the Persian Gulf、Indian Ocean、Trade flows between Southeast Asia,Connecting the towns and oases of the Asian continent。The far-flung East and West break through geographical constraints,Let the real meaning of politics、Economy、Cultural exchanges officially started,Greatly enriched and accelerated the process of world bet365 horse racing odds。Early Silk Road,The plug species living on the vast grassland、Xiongnu、Yue Zhi、Wusun and other nomadic peoples,Migration back and forth,Connect the east and go west,The living habits of the grassland people、Material Culture,And Chinese bet365 horse racing odds、Integration and diffusion of European and West Asian civilizations。Continue,Arabs、Persians、The rise of Venetians and others,Injecting impetus into the land and maritime Silk Road,Cross-region、Business travel across continents、Cultural Tourism、Military、Continuous teaching tours。Exchanges and mutual learning between Eastern and Western civilizations continue to deepen,Created a series of civilized centers - rapid urban development,Rome、Venice、Genoa、Constantinople、Cairo、Damascus、Baghdad、Isfahan、Samarkand、Hable、Kashgar、Xi’an、Guangzhou、Quanzhou and other cities,Like pearls in series,Promote the exchange of needs among civilizations in Europe, Asia and Africa,Learn from each other,Collision communication,Mutual assistance and sharing。
Early 16th century,Western colonialism and the industrial revolution began to rise,The Silk Road is gradually declining。The great voyages and geographical discoveries of Western Europe brought America into the vision of Eastern and Western civilizations,bet365 horse racing odds exchanges and mutual learning have entered a new stage,Human history becomes a complete "world history"。The rise of Western bet365 horse racing odds has broken the balance of power between the East and the West,And bring the evils and inequalities of colonialism,But it objectively promotes the replacement of human bet365 horse racing odds and the progress of bet365 horse racing odds in various places,Accelerating the spread of industrial technology,The formation of a unified world economic system,Accelerated democracy、Freedom、Socialism、Republican system、The spread of national consciousness around the world。The collision and integration of traditional bet365 horse racing odds and modern bet365 horse racing odds in other regions are also becoming increasingly fierce,The connection between Eastern and Western civilizations is getting closer,The characteristics of diversity and unity of world bet365 horse racing odds are more obvious,Humanity’s understanding of the world has entered the stage of globalization。
Exchange and mutual learning are the prerequisites for the development of bet365 horse racing odds
Proof from Eastern and Western historical experience,bet365 horse racing odds cannot develop in isolation and isolation。Exchange and mutual learning are the norm in the relationship between Eastern and Western civilizations,It is also a prerequisite for the prosperity and progress of different civilizations。
bet365 horse racing odds exchanges and mutual learning are first manifested at the material level,Human beings exchange surplus labor products with each other,Constitute the original form of exchanges and mutual learning between civilizations,It also lays a material foundation for the development of bet365 horse racing odds。The Chinese have cultivated millet since the Stone Age,Later passed to Dayuezhi people,Then passed to the Parthians and Romans through the Silk Road,From the Arabs to the Berbers and blacks in Africa。Sorghum is native to Africa,Later introduced to India,Reintroduced to China。Millet and sorghum are easy to grow,Where there is soil, there is growth,Known as the basic crop that supports the development of feudal societies in the East and the West。In frequent communication,The content of material bet365 horse racing odds continues to enrich,The variety and quantity of natural crops and handicraft products continues to increase。China’s steel casting technology and tea、Cinnamon、Turmeric、Musk、Rhubarb and others continue to spread westward,Entering Europe from Asia。Even the tulips that the Dutch are proud of,Also called "Chinese poppy" by Persian botanists,Widely cultivated in Herat, the capital of the Timurid Empire at the end of the 15th century,Later transplanted to Istanbul,It was introduced to the Netherlands in the 16th century。The exchanges and mutual learning of material bet365 horse racing odds have enriched the dining tables of Eastern and Western people,Satisfy people’s vision、Taste and smell needs,And beautify the living environment,Provides great convenience for daily living and traveling。
What closely follows the exchange of material bet365 horse racing odds is often technological invention。Chinese water mill、Wind grinding technology spreads throughout Central Asia and the Middle East oases,Promoted the development of local agricultural bet365 horse racing odds。These techniques were later spread to the Byzantine Latin region by the Arabs,Enter Italy and Spain,Take root in the West,Promoted local agricultural and commercial progress。1162 years,The Chinese began to use artillery,Cannon used since 1232。Artillery technology spread throughout the Middle East and Latin world through the Mongolian Western Expedition。Chinese porcelain technology has spread throughout Afghanistan since the 14th century、Persia、Türkiye、Italy and other places,Artists and craftsmen from all over the world imitate Chinese porcelain in large numbers。Iranians not only import paper from China,It is also dyed yellow with Chinese turmeric,Avoid insect infestation。
Located in material bet365 horse racing odds、Beyond technological bet365 horse racing odds is the spread of spiritual bet365 horse racing odds and institutional bet365 horse racing odds。Trade communication always goes hand in hand with ideological communication,People learn from each other through communication,Acquire philosophy、Science、Inspiration and expansion in language and other aspects。China、India、Spices from Southeast Asia can satisfy your appetite,It can also be used to treat illnesses and save lives,Greatly enriched pharmacy in Asia and Europe、Clinical knowledge。Persian Sasanian Empire Period,Traditional Chinese medicine shines in the local area。Medieval Arabic Medicine,More than half are filled with Chinese pharmacological and clinical medicines and formulas。The Paradise of Wisdom, written in the mid-9th century, was also popular in China、India、Greece、The influence of Egyptian medicine,Known as “China、The results of the intersection of three sciences in India and Greece。The word tea in Arabic is still transliterated in Chinese,The ancient Middle Eastern world called China "Sui Ni",The Latin word for cinnamon means "Chinese cinnamon"。Persian for a long time,Playing Afghanistan、Literature of South Asia and West Asia、The role of academic and court language。
Mutual learning through exchanges,Eastern and Western countries and people continue to create the peak of world bet365 horse racing odds。When the Arabs came out of the desert in the 7th century,Still in the stage of nomadic society,But by boldly absorbing Byzantium、Advanced technology of the Persian Empire,And learn China、Mathematics in India、Technical and literary knowledge,Finally, a splendid new bet365 horse racing odds was created in the 8th to 10th centuries。Coincidentally,China during the Sui and Tang Dynasties represented another peak of human bet365 horse racing odds at that time。National unity、Economic development、Open policy to the world、The unprecedented prosperity of material and cultural exchanges between the East and the West,Let the Tang Dynasty’s national power reach unprecedented heights,Chang'an has become a leading international metropolis。
The rise of the modern West is also inseparable from exchanges and mutual learning among civilizations。Arab sailors and their navigation skills were the original guides to the great maritime movement of Western Europe。Arab Medicine、Mathematics、Astronomy,And the Arabized ancient Greek and Roman thought laid the intellectual foundation of the European Renaissance。Many business and trade innovations of Arab merchants,Exchange book、Trust Letter、Private Bank、Contract system represented by debt certificate、The bill system is introduced to Europe,Promoted the development of the European credit industry and banking industry。Chinese Papermaking、Printing、Introduction of gunpowder,Increased the average education level and literacy rate of Europeans,Accelerated the disintegration of the feudal system。Without the nourishment of Arab bet365 horse racing odds and Chinese bet365 horse racing odds,The rise of modern Western bet365 horse racing odds is unimaginable。
Mutual learning through exchanges,Different civilizations show mutual respect and appreciation。From ancient Persia to Central Asia,There is a widely popular saying: "The Greeks have only one eye,Only Chinese people have two eyes。”Meaning that the Greeks only knew theory,The Chinese understand both theory and technology。According to Spanish Clavijo records (1403-1406),Products from Samarkand City,Best quality products from China,Local people believe that Chinese are the best craftsmen in the world。Late Ming Dynasty,A large number of Chinese classics have been translated and introduced to Europe,Attracting the attention of Western scholars。18th century German thinker Leibniz、French thinkers Voltaire and Quesnay and others praised the orderliness of Chinese society,Appreciate the virtues of governing the country in Chinese bet365 horse racing odds、The thought of universal equality。
bet365 horse racing odds actively promotes a new eraExchanges and mutual learning among bet365 horse racing odds
Exchanges and mutual learning among civilizations are the main way for the evolution and inheritance of mankind’s great creations,It enables advanced productivity、Ideas and systems preserved,And drive and stimulate the development of different civilizations,Create new material and spiritual wealth,Promote the overall growth of world bet365 horse racing odds。
After entering the 20th century,Exchanges and mutual learning between Eastern and Western civilizations have gradually changed the distribution pattern of world power。In-depth exchanges between agricultural bet365 horse racing odds and industrial bet365 horse racing odds,And scientific progress、The development of transportation and communication equipment,Created the power of modern Western bet365 horse racing odds,But it also brings development opportunities to countries and people in other regions。Non-Western countries are actively adopting new technologies、New ideas and new organizational forms,Strive to change your own destiny,Enhance the power of your own bet365 horse racing odds,Effectively weakening the absolute advantage of Western bet365 horse racing odds。Especially after the impact of two world wars and the collapse of colonial empires,The hegemonic logic of traditional imperialism fails,Newly independent nation states advocate unity、Mutual support、Support each other,Forged a deep friendship。China and non-aligned countries jointly proposed the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence,Make civilizational exchanges and mutual learning more orderly。To the end of the 20th century,China’s comprehensive national strength is developing rapidly,International status significantly improved,BRICS、New international organizations such as the Shanghai Cooperation Organization are thriving,Meaning that a new growth pole begins to appear,The world pattern has changed significantly。In this case,bet365 horse racing odds exchanges and mutual learning follow the trend、In line with the people’s sentiments、Adapt to the law,Become an unstoppable historical trend。China deeply understands the great significance of exchanges and mutual learning among civilizations,Actively practice it,Promote the development of exchanges and mutual learning among civilizations,Make it serve to build a community with a shared future for mankind。
China advocates civilized dialogue。Dialogue,It is the transformation of civilizational exchanges and mutual learning from spontaneity to consciousness,From barbarism to bet365 horse racing odds,From the nationality、Country、Region to the world,An important sign of moving from emotion to rationality,It is the initial stage of exchanges and mutual learning between civilizations。November 1998,The United Nations General Assembly responded to the initiative of then Iranian President Khatami,Determine 2001 as the United Nations “Year of Dialogue among Civilizations”。2005,by Spain、Türkiye Advocacy,The United Nations announced the establishment of the “Alliance of Civilizations”,Encourage the building of cross-border and cross-cultural bridges,Promote different countries、Different nationalities、Mutual understanding and communication between different cultures,Maintaining world peace and stability。Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China,China has increased its efforts to advocate and practice civilized dialogue,organized and implemented a series of projects from global to regional、From official to civil dialogue action,中UA、Central Africa、中拉、Middle-earth、China-Greece dialogue forums are intensively launched,Remarkable results。bet365 horse racing odds Dialogue Forum "Adhering to the Concept of Diversity of Civilizations、Promote the common values of all mankind”,Aimed at friendly dialogue,Recognize the contributions of all countries and regions to the development of world bet365 horse racing odds,Express people’s desire for peace and tranquility、Shared Prosperity、Expectations of openness and integration,Enhance mutual understanding between China and the people of the world,Promote common development。China’s concept of peaceful dialogue has won widespread support and praise from Eastern and Western countries。
China advocates an open mind towards exchanges and mutual learning among civilizations。The existence and development of all civilizations are inseparable from internal and external openness。Internal opening up is to promote exchanges among all ethnic groups in the country、Communication and blending,Promote the development of the national community,Building a new form of bet365 horse racing odds。External openness means the willingness to strengthen ties with other civilizations,Learn from and absorb the positive achievements of different civilizations,Promote common human values,Make the world full of vitality。China firmly believes that openness and progress are the secrets to the longevity of bet365 horse racing odds,It is the only way for a single bet365 horse racing odds to determine its position in a multi-civilized world。China is open to all countries and civilizations,Advocates that all civilizations are equal regardless of their size, strength or weakness,Recognize the unique contributions made by people of all countries to the development of bet365 horse racing odds,Oppose any bet365 horse racing odds to dominate other civilizations。
China advocates maintaining cultural confidence in exchanges and mutual learning among civilizations。All national cultures have their own characteristics,National culture is also an important foundation for the continuation of world culture。A bet365 horse racing odds,If you stand still,It will inevitably shrink and stop。Same,Interactions between one bet365 horse racing odds and other civilizations,Must rely on one’s own culture,Achieve creative transformation on the basis of inheriting tradition。Confidence and openness coexist in exchanges and mutual learning among civilizations,The two are dialectically unified.。Chinese bet365 horse racing odds has strong independence and broad absorption,In the future, Chinese bet365 horse racing odds will be guided by the spirit of independence and openness,Vigorously participate in and promote exchanges and mutual learning between Eastern and Western civilizations。
(Author’s unit: College of bet365 horse racing odds and Culture, Lanzhou University)
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