Eastern and Western civilization exchanges and mutual learning constitute an important part of human history。Through communication and mutual learning，East and West is in material civilization、Spiritual civilization、System civilization and ecological civilization borrow and fusion，Liaison in various regions continues to enhance，Relatively isolated history has gradually developed into a real world history，Eastern and Western civilizations have therefore entered a higher stage。The late 20th century，China's rapid development，Eastern and Western Civilization Exchange and Mutual Learning Obtaining new motivation。

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Eastern and Western civilization exchanges, mutual learning, and long stream。About 4000 years ago，Babylon civilization in the two river basins creates text、Building a city，Promote the world's earliest writing law，Establish a model for the development of local and surrounding civilizations。​​The Persian Empire succeeds，Expansion of the scope of the communication between the east and west civilization。The Persian Empire spans the three continents of Eurasia and Africa，Its power to the Aegean Sea area，East to Himalayan Mountain，For the first time, connect the Mediterranean and Asian regions for the first time。Success of the Persian，Greek historian Hirodode is mainly attributed to it with an open mind。Persian bureaucratic system and bureaucratic team have a multi -ethnic structure，Can reflect new concepts，So they have developed and efficient administrative systems、Strict market management system，and intensive and convenient road traffic。The vast territory brings rich trade benefits to the Persian Empire，The rulers of the ruler call arbitrarily from Africa to Central Asia，Let the Greeks see the Oriental World that I never see before，generate an unspered regional historical consciousness in Eurasia，Conditions created for the later Macedonian Alexander's East Expedition。

Alexander is greater than 336 BC，I want to inherit the territory of the Persian Empire and the colorful civilization achievements。He attacked the city with a destructive gesture，and with a highly tolerant and gentle attitude, absorb oriental culture。He retains old officials and official positions in various places，The honorary title of the Earth -Land Method，Respect the Persian style and customs，Strive to fight for loyalty of the locals。Due to his conquest，Western art、Literature、Religion, etc. also spread eastward，Formation of the Greek era，Make the ancient Greek civilization first large -scale and Persian、India、Central Asia and Chinese Civilization Convergence and Fusion。The contact of different ideas has broadly broaden the vision of all ethnic groups，Triggering Bet365 lotto review new concepts and creation，Urban civilization and rural civilization、The interaction between settings civilization and nomadic civilization is unprecedented，The history of the Eurasian region is developing in a closer "world history" direction。

The rise and development of the Silk Road allows the exchange and mutual learning of ancient East and Western civilization to reach the peak。2nd century BC，Zhang Jian emptied the Western Regions，Create a trade channel between Changan and Rome，Chinese products represented by silk are sold well in Eurasia and Africa。The continuous prosperity of the Silk Road，Chinese products represented by silk are sold well in Eurasia and Africa，Stimulated Persian Bay、Indian Ocean、Trade circulation between Southeast Asia，Make the towns and oasis of the Asian mainland into a front line。The distant East and the West broke through the regional restraint of each other，Politics that makes true meaning、Economy、Cultural exchanges are officially opened，Great enrichment and accelerate the process of world civilization。Early Silk Road，The plug that living on the vast grassland、Huns、Yueshi、Wusun and other nomadic peoples，Migration of exchanges，East Lianxi West，Make the living habits of the grassland nation、Material culture，and Chinese civilization、European and Western Asian civilization integration and spread。Next，Arabs、Persian、Venetian, etc.，Enter power for land and maritime Silk Road，Cross -region、Cross -contain business travel、Cultural Tourism、Military、Education and travel continuously。Eastern and Western Civilization Exchange Mutual Learning continuously deepen，Created a series of civilized centers -the rapid development of the city，Rome、Venice、Reinaa、Constantinningburg、Cairo、Damascus、Baghdad、Isahahan、Samalham、Haber、Kashgar、Xi'an、Guangzhou、Quanzhou and other cities，Ru pearl connect，Whether to promote the interoperability of the Eurasian and African and African continent，collision communication，collision communication，mutual assistance sharing。

early 16th century，Western colonialism and industrial revolution began to rise，The Silk Road gradually declines。Western European navigation and geographical discovery will be incorporated into the west civilization vision，Civilized exchange and mutual learning has entered a new stage，Human history becomes a complete "world history"。The rise of Western civilization broke the comparison of the Eastern and Western power，and bring colonial sin and inequality，But it objectively promotes the improvement of human civilization and progress for civilizations in various places，Speed ​​up industrial technology communication，formed a unified world economic system，Accelerated Democracy、Freedom、Socialism、Republican system、Following Bet365 lotto review the global spread of national consciousness。The collision integration of traditional civilization and modern civilization in other regions is becoming increasingly fierce，The connection between the civilization of the East and the West is getting closer，The characteristics of the diversified and unified world civilization are more obvious，Human understanding of the world enters the globalization stage。

　　Exchange and mutual learning is the prerequisite for the development of civilization

Proof of historical experience in the East and the West，Civilization cannot be developed in isolation and isolation。Exchange and mutual learning is both the normal state of the relationship between the East and the West，It is also the prerequisite for the prosperity and progress of different civilizations。

Civilized communication and mutual learning first manifests at the material level，Human exchanges the remaining labor products，The initial form of a civilized exchange and mutual learning，It also laid the material basis for the development of civilization。Chinese people have grown valley from the Stone Age，Later passed to Da Yue's people，transmitted to Anxian and Romans through the Silk Road，It is passed from Arabs to Africa Berberry and Blacks。Sorghum native Africa，Pass to India later，Pass into China again。Valley and sorghum are easy to plant，There is soil to be born，Known as the basic crop that supports the development of feudal society in the East and West。In frequent communication，The content of material civilization is continuously enriched，The types and quantities of natural crops and handicraft products continue to increase。China’s steel casting technology and tea、Cinnamon、Ginger、Musk、Rhubarb, etc.，Enter Europe from Asia。Even the Dutch's proud tulip，It is also called "Chinese Poppy" by Persian botanists，In the end of the 15th century, it was widely planted in Hrate, the capital of the Empire of the Empire of the Empire，Rear transplant to Istanbul，It was only introduced into the Netherlands in the 16th century。The communication and mutual learning of material civilization enrich the table of the people of the East and the West，Meeting people’s vision、Monology and smell requirements，and beautify the living environment，It provides huge convenience for daily residential transport。

Following the communication of material civilization is often technical invention。Water mill in China、Wind milling technology spreads all over Central Asia and the Middle East Oasis，Promoting the development of local agricultural civilization。These technologies are subsequently passed by the Arabs to the Latin area of ​​Byzantine，Enter Italy and Spain，Together in the West，Promoting local agricultural and commercial progress。1162 years，Chinese people start using artillery，Cannon from 1232。Artillery Technology spreads through the Mongolian West Expedition all over the Middle East and Latin World。China's porcelain technology has spread bet365 live casino games throughout Afghanistan since the 14th century、Persian、Türkiye、Italy and other places，Artists and craftsmen in various places imitate Chinese porcelain。Iranians not only imported paper from China，Also use Chinese turmeric to dye it to yellow，Avoid insects。

Located in material civilization、The spread of spiritual civilization and institutional civilization above the technical civilization。Trade communication is always carried out at the same time with ideological communication，People learn and learn from each other in communication，Get philosophy、Science、Language and other aspects of inspiration and expansion。China、India、Southern Asia's spices can satisfy the appetite，It can be used to cure the disease and save people，greatly enrich the pharmacy of Asia and Europe、Clinical knowledge。Persian Empire period，Chinese medicine is shining in the local area。Medieval Arabic Medicine，More than half is full of Chinese pharmacology and clinical agents and formulas。"The Paradise of Wisdom" in the mid -9th century was also received by China at the same time、India、Greece、Impact of Medicine in Egypt，Known as "China、The results of the three scientific crossings of India and Greece。The term tea in Arabic is still transliterated in Chinese to date，The ancient Middle East world is known as "Sui Ni"，The Latin word of cinnamon contains the meaning of "Chinese cinnamon"。Persian language for a long time，Playing Afghanistan、Literature of South Asia and West Asia、The role of academic and court language。

Through communication and mutual learning，Eastern and Western countries and people constantly create the peak of world civilization。7th Century Arabs out of the desert，State in the nomadic society，But by boldly absorb Byzantine、Advanced Technology of the Persian Empire，and learn China、Mathematics in India、Technology and Literature and other knowledge，Finally created a brilliant new civilization in the 8-10th century。I am unique，China during the Sui and Tang dynasties represented another civilization of human beings at that time。Unification of the country、Economic development、Open policy for the world、Unprecedented prosperity of material and cultural exchange，Make the Tang Dynasty's national strength unprecedentedly prosperous，Changan becomes the leading international metropolis。

The rise of modern West is also inseparable from civilized exchange and mutual learning。Arabian sailor and its navigation technology are the initial guide of Western European navigation movement。Arabic Medicine、Mathematics、astronomy，and the ancient Greek Roman thought in Arabic laid the knowledge foundation of the European Renaissance。Many commercial trade innovations of Arab businessmen，If the exchange letter、trustworthy letter、Private Bank、Contract system represented by debt vouchers、The bill system is introduced into Europe，promoted the development bet365 best casino games of the European credit industry and the banking industry。Chinese papermaking、Printing、The introduction of gunpowder，Improving the average education level and literacy rate of Europeans，Accelerated the disintegration of the feudal system。If there is no nourishment of Arabic civilization and Chinese civilization，The rise of modern western civilization is unimaginable。

Through communication and mutual learning，Different civilization shows mutual respect and appreciation。From ancient Persia to Central Asia，A widely popular sentence: "There is only one eye in the Greeks，Only Chinese talents have two eyes。"means that the Greeks only understand theory，And the Chinese understand both theory and technology。According to the Spanish Clavi Record (1403-1406)，In the product of Samalhan City，The best product quality from China，Locals think that Chinese are the best craftsmen in the world。Late Ming Dynasty，Chinese classics have been translated in large quantities to Europe，Attention to Western scholars。18th -century German thinker Leibniz、French thinker Voltaire, Kuena and others praised the Chinese society in an orderly manner，Appreciate Chinese civilization in Germany、The same thoughts of the world。

　　China actively promotes the new eraCivilized exchange and mutual learning

Civilized exchange and mutual learning is the main way to evolve and inherit the great creation of human beings，It makes advanced productivity、Thoughts and systems can be preserved，and drive and stimulate the development of different civilizations，Create new material and spiritual wealth，Promote the overall growth of world civilization。

After entering the 20th century，Eastern and Western Civilization Exchange Mutual Learning has gradually changed the distribution pattern of world power。In -depth communication between agricultural civilization and industrial civilization，and scientific progress、Development of traffic and communication equipment，It has created a powerful of modern western civilization，But it also brings development opportunities to other regions and people。The majority of non -Western countries actively adopt new technologies、New ideas and new organizational forms，Efforts to change your destiny，Enhance your own civilization forces，Effectively weakened the absolute advantage of Western civilization。Especially after two World War Impact and the collapse of the colonial empire，The overbearing logic of traditional imperialism，New independent nation countries advocate unity、Support each other、Confidence of each other，formed a deep friendship。China and Non -All -League countries propose the five principles of peaceful coexistence，Make civilized exchanges and mutual learning more regularly。to the end of the 20th century，China's comprehensive national strength development，International status has improved significantly，BRICS、Shanghai Cooperation Bet365 app download Organization and other new international organizations thrive，It means that the new growth pole begins to appear，The world structure has changed significantly。In this case，Civilized exchanges and mutual identification is smooth、Hexinxin、Adaptation rule，Become an indispensable historical trend。China's profound understanding of the great meaning of civilization exchanges and mutual learning，Active physical strength，Promoting the development of civilized exchanges and mutual learning，Make it a community of human destiny community service。

China advocates civilized dialogue。Dialogue，It is a civilized exchange and mutual learning from spontaneous to consciousness，From the barbaric to civilization，From the nation、Country、Region to the world，Important sign from emotional to rationality，The initial stage of the exchange and mutual learning of civilization。November 1998，The UN General Assembly responded to the Iranian President Hatami initiative，Determined 2001 is the United Nations "Civilized Dialogue Year"。2005，from Spain、Türkiye advocate，The United Nations announced the establishment of the "Civilization Alliance"，Encourage the construction of multinational cross -cultural bridges，Promote different countries、Different nations、Mutual understanding and communication between different cultures，Maintain world peace and stability。Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China，China has strengthened the intensity of advocating and practicing civilized dialogue，Organized a series of series from global to regional、From the official to the folk dialogue operation，China A、China Africa、medium and pull、Middle -earth、Zhongxi and other dialogue forums densely，Achievements。Civilized Dialogue Forum "Adhering to the concept of civilization diversity、Promote the common value of all human beings "，It aims to pass through friendly dialogue，Affirm the contribution of various regions in various countries to the development of world civilization，Expressing people to peace and peace、Common prosperity、Expectation of Open Rongtong，Enhance the mutual understanding of China with the people of the world，Promoting common development。China's peaceful dialogue concept has won extensive support and praise of Eastern and Western countries。

China advocates an open mind to treat civilization exchange and mutual learning。The existence and development of all civilizations cannot be separated from the internal and external openness。Internal openness is to promote mutual exchanges between domestic nations、Communication and blending，Promote the development of the community of the nation，Build a new civilized form。External opening is willing to strengthen the contact with other civilizations，Draw and absorb the positive results of different civilizations，Promote the common value of human beings，Make the Bet365 lotto review world full of vitality。China believes that opening and progress are the secrets of civilization and enduring，It is the only way for a single civilization to determine its own position in a diverse civilization world。China opens his mind for all countries and civilizations，It is equal to advocating that civilization does not distinguish between size，Acknowledge the unique contribution made by the people of various countries to the development of civilization，Opposition to any civilization over other civilizations。

China advocates adhere to cultural self -confidence in civilized exchanges and mutual learning。All national culture has its own characteristics，National culture is also an important foundation for the continuation of world culture。A civilization，If you are self -proclaimed，It will inevitably move towards atrophy and stop。Similarly，A communication between a civilization and other civilizations，You must rely on your own culture，Creative conversion on the basis of inheriting the tradition。Confidence and opening up in civilized communication and mutual learning，The two are dialectical unified relationships。Chinese civilization has strong autonomy and extensive absorption，In the future, the Chinese civilization will be under the guidance of autonomy and open spirit，Vigorously participate and promote the exchange of civilization and communication between the East and the West。

　(Author Unit: School of History and Culture of Lanzhou University)