The "Marxist bet365 tennis bet" we are discussing today，Mainly refers to equal rights、Normative bet365 tennis bet related to major practical issues such as fair distribution。In a sense，Academia takes contemporary Western bet365 tennis bet as the entry point，To understand and construct this normative Marxist bet365 tennis bet。This academic theory has its undeniable significance，But it is also worthy of our high vigilance。Contemporary Western bet365 tennis bet is a purely normative theory，Not only does it not regard historical materialism and criticism of political economy as the cornerstone of its argument，There is even a hidden force in its logic that excludes the latter。Therefore，Once Marx’s bet365 tennis bet is understood and constructed into a purely normative theory similar to Rawls’ bet365 tennis bet，It is easy to obscure the most fundamental things in Marx’s thought。So，The question that needs to be clarified is: do we have reason to be on the path of historical materialism and criticism of political economy，Understanding and constructing Marx’s bet365 tennis bet？

　　bet365 tennis bet’s revelation

To grasp the above issues，Need a practical dimension of intellectual history，And Hegel is a coordinate point in the history of thought that cannot be bypassed。Everyone knows，Hegel’s bet365 tennis bet is mainly shown in "Principles of Legal Philosophy"。"Principles of Legal Philosophy" is divided into three parts in structure，Abstract methods respectively、Morals and Ethics。Ownership in the first "Abstract Law"、Contract，I think it’s Locke’s problem，More specifically，This is something subordinate to natural law derived by Locke under the framework of contract theory。If Locke is the father of modern bet365 tennis bet，Then ownership、Contract is precisely the "fundamental" issue of modern bet365 tennis bet。Hegel obviously fully realized the importance of this "fundamental" issue，But he did not stay at Locke's level，That is, not within the framework of contract theory、Use natural law to explain ownership and contracts，But define it as "abstract law"。The basic argumentation method used by Hegel in "Principles of Legal Philosophy"，It is the conceptual dialectics from abstract to concrete。So，He is not in the first article，But in the third chapter after going to "concrete", namely "Ethics"，Complete the explanation of ownership and contracts。If the first article is about Locke’s problem、The second article is about Kant’s problem，Then it’s just the third chapter，Hegel is really talking about his own problems。People usually think，In the third article，The state represents the highest ethical entity，Therefore, it is also the part that best displays the essence of Hegel’s bet365 tennis bet，But in fact，“Civil society” in this article may occupy a more important position。You will find out if you combine abstract law with civil society to understand it，Civil society is precisely the historical framework within which Hegel defined ownership and contract，Because what Hegel wants to tell people clearly is，Ownership、Contract and other abstract laws and formal laws，Is rooted in the civil society formed in the modern world。

The core of modern Western society’s transformation from traditional feudal society to modern commercial and market society，It is the formation and continuous maturity of civil society as a system of needs and labor。In this transformation，A series of questions with normative significance，Such as legal ownership issues、Just exchange and distribution issues based on contract，All highlighted，In a sense, this creates the bet365 tennis bet since Locke。Locke、Hume, Adam Smith and others，In fact, they construct their respective political philosophies on the historical horizon of modern civil society，But they all lack a deep historical research on civil society。In this sense，Hegel explains ownership and contract within the framework of civil society，For the first time since modern times，Especially since Locke, bet365 tennis bet has been pushed to the historical depth it should have reached。In fact，Hegel’s thinking is consistent with actual history in a certain sense，Also represents a historical ideological construction。Of course，Hegel did not yet have a deeper historical vision such as historical materialism and criticism of political economy，This is also where Marx and Hegel differ。

　　Marx’s Critique of Civil Society and the Foundation of bet365 tennis bet

The intricate relationship between Marx and the history of modern thought，Fully reflected in his criticism of civil society。Marx’s criticism of civil society was deeply influenced by Hegel，But unlike Hegel, he only pointed the criticism at morals and ethics、The differentiation between personal interests and general interests，Marx wants to criticize class and social differentiation that is more fundamental than this differentiation。bet365 tennis bet philosophers from Locke to Adam Smith defined civil society as composed of equal natural individuals、A relationship that conforms to the spirit of rational contract and the principle of justice，Hegel saw the contradictions in civil society，Designate as atomic、A field full of competing interests，Marx went further than Hegel，Relationships carried by civil society，Recognized as "the most complex social relationship to date"，That is, capital relations。In this sense，Marx’s criticism of civil society，It has gone far beyond Hegel’s ethical significance，It involves revealing the most profound social contradictions in capital relations，This is exactly what the title of historical materialism and criticism of bet365 tennis bet economy should mean。Looking from this，Marx is actually in "Das Kapital" and its manuscripts，To advance and complete its critique of civil society。

Marx’s criticism of civil society，Making him substantively involved in the field of bet365 tennis bet from Locke to Smith to Hegel，Therefore，Ownership naturally becomes an important topic in Capital and its manuscripts，This is the key to grasping Marx’s bet365 tennis bet。However，Marx is neither in Locke’s sense，Defend the legality of ownership with the help of natural law；Not in the Hegelian sense，Reliance on the state to provide ethical norms for ownership，Instead, it is committed to criticizing the exploitative relationship associated with ownership。In Capital Volume 1，This issue is what Marx called "the transformation of the law of ownership of commodity production into the law of capitalist appropriation"；In "Economic Manuscripts 1857-1858"，This problem is what he calls "workers' loss of ownership"，And objectified labor has ownership of living labor”。By elaborating on this issue，Marx told people，In capitalist production relations，Ownership and related positive law have become a formal thing，Class differentiation between workers and capitalists and the inequality caused by it，It is the most vivid thing behind the ownership、The most authentic historical reality。It can be seen from this，Marx’s bet365 tennis bet is not only a successor to Locke、Adam Smith, especially Hegel，The more profound thing is，He uses a perspective unique to the criticism of political economy，Thoroughly presented ownership、The question of how justice is possible。Therefore，From Locke to Hegel to Marx，Represents an intellectual history clue with an ever-increasing sense of history。On this thread，Hegel’s advancement relative to Locke，In Marx, there is a qualitative change，Historical materialism and criticism of political economy have become the fundamental logic of bet365 tennis bet，Or as Arendt said，bet365 tennis bet consists of the formulation of rules of conduct，Becomes a historical theory。This theory of history does not alienate what is peculiar to bet365 tennis bet—normativity，Instead, normativeness is based on real reality，To summarize in Marx’s words，Probably "Discovering a new world while criticizing the old world"。

　　Research on "Das Kapital" and Research on bet365 tennis bet

Undeniable，In the current world of Chinese Marxist philosophy，There are two areas that attract much attention，The first is research on "Das Kapital"，The second is the study of bet365 tennis bet。One might think，There is no necessary connection or intersection between these two fields，Therefore, there is no possibility or necessity of dialogue and accommodation。But if the above discussion indicates，Historical Materialism and Critique of Political Economy，It should become the context and rationale for us to understand and construct Marx’s bet365 tennis bet，Then，Achieve dialogue and integration between these two fields，It’s a very meaningful thing。Furthermore，This significance is not only reflected in the determination of the research theory of Marx’s bet365 tennis bet，It is also reflected in the improvement of understanding of "Das Kapital"。

"Das Kapital" is a polyphonic text，Of course we can look at it from multiple perspectives、Interpret it in many senses，But I think，The perspective of bet365 tennis bet，It is especially indispensable。The reason is: based on Marx’s review and summary of his theoretical process in the "Preface to the Critique of Political Economy"，He wants to fundamentally understand the relationship between laws，Turn to the study of political economics。So，Although he experienced a shift from early political criticism to later economic criticism，But economic criticism is not an end in itself，Rather，His ultimate goal is，Solving the problems of bet365 tennis bet reflected and associated with the relationship between law，Including issues of social justice and issues of human liberation and free and comprehensive development。In short，The highest issue in "Das Kapital" is not "economic"，It’s about “bet365 tennis bet”。Understanding "Das Kapital" from the perspective of bet365 tennis bet，Not only will it not reduce the ideological significance of this text，On the contrary, it will rise to the height of thought it deserves。It can be seen from this，Actively promote and realize the dialogue and integration between the study of "Das Kapital" and the study of bet365 tennis bet，For both fields，There are profound academic reasons。

　　(This article is the value premise of the construction of contemporary Chinese bet365 tennis bet, a major project of the National Social Science Fund)、Research on Ideological Resources and Implementation Paths” (17ZDA103) Phased Results)

(Author’s affiliation: School of bet365 tennis bet, Wuhan University)