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The party's practical exploration of the party's leadership method of negotiated democracy (1949-1956)

May 28, 2020 05:05 Source: "China Social Sciences", May 28, 2020, No. 1935 Author: Chi Buyun

　　General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out: "Socialist negotiation and democracy have roots in our country、Activity、With vitality，It is a great creation of the Communists of the Communist Party of China and the Chinese people，It is a unique form and unique advantage of Chinese socialist democratic politics，It is an important manifestation of the party's mass line in the political field。"The 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China further increased negotiation democracy to the height of" important way to realize the party leadership "。Unify the party's leadership with socialist negotiation and democracy，For the improvement of the party's leadership、Promoting socialist democracy、Ensure that the party leads the people to effectively manage the country's significant significance。Early in the founding of New China，The Communist Party of China has passed the Democratic Party、All groups、All ethnic groups、All levels、Widely negotiated from people from all walks of life，Completed the historical mission of the consolidation of the regime，Promoting national development and people's livelihood improvement。Realizing the orderly political participation of the people，The flesh and blood of the party and the people，Promoting the scientific democratization of decision -making，Write the glorious chapter of negotiation democracy to achieve the party's leadership。

　　Decision Consensus:Consultation democracy and system construction

　　To achieve the goal of establishing New China，The "May 1" slogan released by the Communist Party of China in 1948，Consultation with the democratic parties and people from all walks of life。Limited by the historical environment and technical conditions at that time，The conditions for holding the National People's Congress through Bet365 app download the election method are not yet mature，Therefore, the new political consultation meeting directly generates the Central People's Government、Establish the mission of a new country。The first plenary session of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference passed the "Common Program"，The authority of the National People's Congress，Through the "Organization Law of the Central People's Government"，Elected the Central People's Government Committee，provides a fundamental legal basis for the establishment and operation of the major political institutions and political systems of New China、System follow and organizational guarantee。

　　The public opinion and legal foundation of the new regime with negotiation to reach consensus，Created the special characteristics of the construction process of the New China government。The effectiveness of negotiated negotiation is based on two basis: First, the democratic spirit of the Communist Party of China。During the preparatory stage of the New CPPCC，The united front work of the Communist Party of China，Pay attention to democratic people and attach great importance and courtesy，All to achieve negotiation、Reflected democracy。The agenda of the first session of the CPPCC，by the Communist Party of China and the Democratic Party、No party and people from all walks of life communicate sincerely before the meeting、Repeated brewed。The second is the social representativeness of the negotiation participants。To achieve the goal of building New China under the leadership of the Communist Party of China，In the participating unit of the first session of the CPPCC，Party School、Group、Special invited persons reflect the characteristics of the united front organization，Region and the army have absorbed the constituency system of the People's Congress。The combination of two representative methods，Overall solving the vast in our country、Under the conditions of many population, the people's basic political issues are realized。Under the unit，Nomination of the Bet365 lotto review representative of the first session of the CPPCC，Perseverance in the distribution of quota highlights the combination of extensiveness in the determination of candidates。The lineup of the conference affirmed the historical role of people in all aspects of the Chinese National Democratic Revolution in various historical stages of the Chinese nation，and expand and consolidate the united front。

　　Agreement and Construction: Consolidation of Democratic Democratic and Regime

　　At the beginning of the founding of New China，The Communist Party of China leads the people of the country to quickly heal the war and trauma，Realize the transformation from new democraticism to socialism。During this period，China Communist Party has conducted effective consultation with all walks of life，and through negotiated subjects to reach an agreement on ideological understanding，Make sure various measures are promoted towards the established goals，It played an important role in the various tasks consolidated by regimes in the early days of the founding of the People's Republic of China。

　　Take the negotiation in land reform as an example，Because many democratic people are related to the relationship between feudal land，Many of them have different degrees of doubts about land reform。For this，The Central Committee of the Communist Party of China proposes to let outside party people go to visit the land reform，On -site visits to peasants suffer，Make opinions on the work of the party committee and the government。The National Committee of the CPPCC organized a series of reports、Visit、Learning activities，Deepen the understanding of people from all walks of life。After the visit, organize various negotiation meetings to discuss major issues of them。If the Guangdong Provincial Commissioner is held in February 1951, a symposium on land reform issues，Report by the Consultative Committee to visit the situation and harvest of the land reform，Discuss the problems and countermeasures in the work of land reform。Situ Meitang, member of the National Committee of the CPPCC, spoke on bet365 Play online games the issue of democratic people in the land reform，Think that each negotiation member should educate yourself、Education for the masses、Comply with Act，enable land reform to complete smoothly。

　　Gathering Power:Consultation Democratic and National Development

　　Basically end with major social reform，Democratic democracy led by the Communist Party of China will cooperate with political reforms，Transforming into the construction of all aspects of serving the country。This type of negotiation is more extensive。First, it involves important national policies or major laws.，For the preparation and constitutional formulation of the people's congress、Public and private relations and industrial and commercial transformation、Agricultural cooperation, etc.，Generally, understand the ideological reflection of people from all walks of life。The second is the national fiscal economy、Legal system、Important matters in cultural education and other fields are widely solicited from people from all walks of life。

　　Consultation with the theme of national development reflects three characteristics in practice。First，Negotiation expressed real opinions，Reflects the problems that need to be improved in government work。For example, in March 1950, some members of the industry and commerce reported to the National Committee of the CPPCC National Committee.，It is pointed out that some cadres have a tendency to ignore the private economy in the policy of implementing "public and private"。April of the same year，Comrade Mao Zedong pointed out at a member of the Standing Committee of the CPPCC National Committee: "Public and private considerations have not completely resolved。Public Gu's Multi -，Little private Gui。""，The central government takes measures to adjust the industry and commerce，Help private industrial and commercial through difficulties。Next，Negotiation contains interpretation of different opinions，There is a voice consistent with the government's bet365 Play online games claim，There are different sounds。Last，Negotiated stimulates the generation of creative opinions，Mobilized the enthusiasm of the main body of the negotiation。Formulated by the first constitution of New China as an example，From the constitutional proposal, it is conceived that the final announcement is implemented，After experiencing constitutional consultation by the Communist Party of China and the outside party,，The CPPCC、Draft negotiations carried out in organizations and other organizations，and the participation of the masses、There are grassroots units in various cities across the country、Street、Enterprise、Universities in colleges and universities。More than 8,000 people participated，Form a lot of modification opinions，Make all sectors of society in the process of discussing the Constitution，Democratic education by the most profound democratic education，enhanced the owner's sense of responsibility。

　　Gathering Zhongzhi:Consultation democracy and improvement of people's livelihood

　　Early in the founding of New China，There is also a class of consultations that have provided valuable support for the improvement of local economic and social construction and the improvement of the lives of the masses。

　　Consultation around the improvement of people's livelihood mainly relies on two channels。First, various special negotiation meetings organized by the Communist Party of China and people from all walks of life。Taking the municipal problem symposium held by Beijing during 1956 as an example，Before negotiation，Usually accompanied by report、Research、Opinion collection and other activities。What are the symposiums in the organization，In which aspect of the government department and members of the CPPCC, plan，At the same time, representatives from all walks of life who are familiar with the actual situation to participate。The negotiation process focuses on the presence of problems and the formulation of solutions，Beijing Business、Municipal Engineering、Medicine and Bet365 app download hygiene、Chinese painting、Ten Symposiums on the theme of Peking Opera，Participants total 232 people，More than 150 comments。The result of the negotiation directly allows the government to introduce specific policies。The measures adopted by the Beijing CPPCC include: inviting relevant government departments to attend the meeting，Listen to opinions; make more detailed reports in newspapers;，Tracking the handling of government departments。After the above symposium was held，Most opinions and suggestions are adopted and implemented。

　　Second, negotiation agencies at all levels directly negotiate with the people。This job is when the people's congress has not yet been held，The local negotiation committee is mainly carried out。The Standing Committee of the National Committee of the CPPCC requested the province in July 1951、Municipal two -level consultation committee "Responsible and properly handle the various inquiries proposed by the people、Suggestion、Requirements、Criticism and appeal，Make it an explanation "。

　　Practice exploration in the early days of the founding of New China，The process of negotiating in all aspects of the people，It is to carry forward democracy、The process of brainstorming and beneficial，is unified thought、The process of condensing consensus，is scientific decision -making、The process of democratic decision -making，It is the process of realizing the people of the people。As General Secretary Xi Jinping said: "Democracy and negotiation are an important way to realize the party's leadership。Democracy through promoting democracy、Broadly negotiated，It can make the members of the united front more commonly identify with the party's proposition，Solid in more consciously around the party、Go with the party。"" for the future，Socialist negotiation democracy not only requires a complete institutional program，and need complete participation practice。The people must be the Lord of the people must be specific、Reality reflected Bet365 lotto review in the governance and national governance of the Communist Party of China，Reflected in all aspects of the Communist Party of China and state organs、Works at all levels，It reflects the people's realization and development of their own interests。

　　(Author Unit: Socialist Research Center of Zhejiang University、Zhejiang University School of Marxism)

Editor in charge: Changchang