In view of the characteristics of capitalist development,Lenin believes,Capitalism degenerated into monopoly imperialism around the 20th century,Monopoly becomes the basis of all economic life。He said: "Imperialism is the era of financial capital and monopoly organizations,Financial capital and monopoly organizations everywhere have the tendency of domination rather than freedom。”Financial monopoly is the essential feature of modern imperialism and the biggest threat to economic globalization。The problem is,Previous research,We highlight Lenin’s critical discussion of capitalist financial monopoly,But ignored Marx’s view on production、Consumption、Research on the Monopoly Discourse of Distribution and bet365 code。Contact the current complex modern world trade disputes,History is often surprisingly similar。World trade frictions since the first 20 years of the 21st century,Reproduces the systematic analysis of the characteristics of capitalist monopoly in Marx's "Glossary of a Critique of Political Economy" in the 1850s。Capitalist monopoly is not only focused on financial monopoly,Also showing production、Consumption、New characteristics of monopoly in areas such as distribution and bet365 code。
Control the bet365 code value production market,Destroyed the industrial chain and value chain of commodity value production。In Grundrisse,Marx believed that "Carey is the only original economist"。Marx said: “Carey explained it by the destructive effect of Britain’s pursuit of industrial monopoly on the world market。”In the UK,The first is the monopoly of the industrial manufacturing production market,Destroyed the industrial chain and value chain of commodity value production。In the capitalist mode of production,The bet365 code of market bet365 code value expresses the essential characteristics of production relations and bet365 code relations。From a production perspective,“The purpose of business is not direct consumption,But seek money,Seeking bet365 code value”。Capitalism is a “community based on production based on bet365 code value and bet365 code based on this bet365 code value”。This is the difference between a capitalist market economy and any society where bet365 code is not the purpose of bet365 code of bet365 code value。The use value of things can be realized by people without bet365 code,It can be realized in the direct relationship between people and things。The bet365 code value of things can only be realized in bet365 code,Can only be realized in a social process。Capitalism aims to control the production of bet365 code value,Destroyed the industrial chain and value chain of market bet365 code commodity use value production。
Marx believes,Monopoly is the opposite of capitalist free competition,“Because competition has historically manifested itself as forcing guilds within a country、Government Regulation、Domestic tariffs and such things removed,Behaving in a closed-door manner in the world bet365 code、Abolition of prohibitive tariffs or protective tariffs"。This is to say,In the world bet365 code,Capitalist monopoly is mainly characterized by closed-door unilateralism、Prohibitive tariffs or trade tariffs protectionism and xenophobia。
Manipulation of unequal bet365 code of currency and labor,Undermining the principle of equivalent bet365 code in the market。Marx said: “The objective labor conditions (means of production) and subjective labor conditions (means of subsistence) of workers,As capital、opposed to him as something monopolized by the buyer of his labor capacity,Otherwise workers would not sell their labor ability。”Capital’s monopoly on the labor market is the main means of obtaining surplus value。Capitalism’s “biggest bet365 code”,Not an bet365 code of goods,It is the bet365 code of labor and commodities”。Marx exposed the fact that this equivalent bet365 code of money and labor conceals the inequality。Marx believed: “Equality and freedom are respected not only in bet365 code based on bet365 code value,And the bet365 code of bet365 code value is the product of all equal and free production、The basis of reality。As a pure idea,Equality and freedom are only an idealized expression of the bet365 code of bet365 code value,As in law、Political、Things that have developed in social relationships,Equality and freedom are just the basis of another power。”Equivalent bet365 code is the true basis for the emergence of equal freedom。But,The bet365 code of money and labor under the dominance of capitalist monopoly,Completely undermines the principle of equal bet365 code in the market。Equality and freedom remain only an empty and pure concept with no actual content,Legal、Political、The equality and freedom of social relations is completely divorced from this realistic basis and has become an illusory pretense。It is not so much that it upholds the principle of bet365 code value bet365 code,It is better to say that it directly damages the principle of equivalent bet365 code in the market。
The added value of exclusive market wealth,Sacrifice the consumption needed for the all-round development of human beings。Under the control of capital logic,The only need of capitalism is the need to produce and accumulate wealth。And "production is always subordinate to consumption as a prerequisite"。This premise is capital、Accumulation of monetary wealth。Value bet365 code between capital and labor,The purpose is not the comprehensive development needs of human beings。Marx believed: “The labor that capital exchanges for is living labor,Is the general force that produces wealth,It is an activity to increase wealth。”Production cannot be separated from consumption,Production is consumption,Consumption is the prerequisite for production。Consumption is divided into two types of consumption,One is the consumption of means of production,One is the consumption of living materials that meets the needs of people's all-round development。But with the capitalists,Consumption is limited to the need for labor force as a general force in producing wealth and the production and reproduction of wealth-increasing activities。The capitalist class monopolizes the increase in market wealth,And "only entered the consumption of the capitalist class" in the form of luxury consumption materials。Increase in market wealth,It is not objectively beneficial to society as Smith expected,Consumption such as satisfying the comprehensive needs brought about by bet365 code value bet365 code and promoting the comprehensive development of human beings。
Grab the ruling power of wealth distribution,Causing inequality in market wealth distribution。Marx believes,Capital is a social force,But under private ownership,Capital becomes the private power of capitalists to seize wealth distribution。Capital first passes through “possessing other people’s labor”,The power to possess other people’s labor to create wealth。And workers "sell the creativity of labor for the value of a given amount of labor ability。Opposite,We will find out later,Workers will inevitably become poor,Because of the creativity of his labor as the power of capital,As the power of others in opposition to him”。Workers are like Esau who sold his birthright for a bowl of red bean soup,Through the so-called equivalent bet365 code,Transferred one’s own labor creativity,Give up the right to possess wealth。This power turns out to be the power of others,And the capital power of capitalists。
And distribution is legal power,Capitalists monopolize the power of capital,The distribution principle is to distribute according to capital。According to the principle of capital allocation,The creator of wealth only gets a bowl of red bean soup,Capitalists use their capital power to appropriate the wealth created by labor as their own,The result is polarization between rich and poor,Workers will inevitably become poor。Malthus believed that surplus population and extreme poverty are the same thing。Because,Abject poverty is included in the concept of free workers。According to workers’ economic conditions,Workers are nothing more than living labor capacity,Therefore, there are also the needs of life。But,He has no objective conditions to realize himself as labor ability。According to Malthusian logic,The plundering of capitalists is a matter of course。Marx said: "Suppose the capitalist does not need the surplus labor of workers,Then workers will not be able to complete their necessary labor,Cannot produce one’s own means of living。So he cannot obtain the means of living through bet365 code,If he gets them,That is only the relief allocated to him from the revenue of the state。”Marx criticized Malthus’s absurd logic,Said: "Only under the capital-based mode of production,Absolute poverty is the result of labor itself,Exhibited as the result of the development of labor productivity。”Can see,Currently the United States imposes additional tariffs,It is the internationalization of ruling power that seizes wealth distribution。In the eyes of some American politicians,The ruling power of capitalists to monopolize wealth distribution is legitimate,Other countries can only be "absolutely poor",Especially the development of socialist countries is a "free ride" on the United States。This is very wrong。
Market economy is a crutch for the prosperity of capitalism,But capitalism is not equal to market economy。Capitalist Monopoly、Exclusive、Fraud、Exploitation and other natures,Decided that it has an anti-market side。Therefore,Coping with Capitalist Monopoly,Must maintain strategic focus。First, we must persist in giving full play to the advantages of the socialist market economic system,The control of capitalist bet365 code value on the production market must be broken,Rebuild the bet365 code value industry chain and value chain based on the use value of commodities;We must criticize the hegemonic rules of capital that manipulate the labor market,Constructing fair and just market principles of equivalent bet365 code and trade;The market wealth distribution power captured by capital must be reformed,Depolarization,Achieve common prosperity;The dependence of people on things must be subverted,Improve people’s livelihood,Promote the free and comprehensive development of everyone。The second is to increase opening up to the outside world,Actively prevent financial risks,Be micro-invigorating,Macroeconomic control,In particular, we must avoid and guard against global financial risks caused by external factors。
(This article is part of the National Social Science Fund Key Project “Research on the bet365 code of China’s Path to a Community with a Shared Future for Mankind” (18AZX003)、Results of the Collaborative Innovation Center jointly established by the Provincial and Ministry of Socialist Morality and Culture with Chinese Characteristics and the Guangxi Major Issues Research Project on the Sinicization of Marxism)
(Author’s unit: Institute of Marxism, bet365 code;School of Marxism, bet365 code)