From the current situation，Chile has always been a model for new liberal reforms in Latin America，and Venezuela is the flag bearer of anti -new liberalism in the region。Recent time，Many Latin American countries, including Chile and Venezuela, have successively experienced many social governance issues，Some even fall into different degrees of national turmoil and regime crisis。Based on this，Reflection on Latin America's new liberalism once again enters people's vision。

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　　The two forces of neo -liberalism and anti -new liberalism have never stopped in Latin American region。2080s，To overcome the economic crisis and resolve development problems，Latin American countries generally carry out new liberal reforms。​​In terms of stable macroeconomics，Some Latin American countries that pursue neo -liberalism have achieved certain results through reform，But the expected target that has not been achieved，and produce a series of serious negative effects。Where，Instead of poverty issues、The differentiation of the rich and the poor、Social contradictions have intensified the increase in people's dissatisfaction，Many countries have serious social conflicts because of this，Leading the government backward。In the late 1990s，Latin American circles have begun to deeply reflect on new liberal reforms，Various anti -new liberal thoughts have appeared。Focus on criticizing new liberalism from all walks of life to completely relax the protection of domestic markets、Relax control of strategic resource departments、Letting the gap between the rich and the poor expand, etc.。In order to eliminate the negative consequences of new liberal reform，Some countries left -wing ruling parties proposed to abandon neoliberalism，Try to explore the new development path of replacement of neo -liberalism。

Although neo -liberalism is criticized，but the 1990s and even after entering the 21st century，Two basic development models and policy orientations in Latin America。Venezuela、Bolivia、Ecuador and other left -wing political parties in power，Try to find a new liberal solution for replacement，Reform tried to tend through national interventionism，Eliminate the disadvantages of new liberalism。The governors of these countries have proposed to abandon the new liberal development model，Take sustainable and more fair development roads。Brazil、Argentina、The left -wing ruling bet365 Play online games parties in Nicaragua and other countries have also publicly expressed their opposition to neo -liberal mode，But the anti -new liberal policy of these countries is interrupted with the rotation of the ruling party，Even repeated。At the same time，Some Latin American countries adhere to the direction of reform of new liberalism。Model as a new liberal reform，Chile's new liberal policy direction has not undergone essential changes。Peru after the 1990s、Colombian previous government also basically follows liberal policy，No fundamental policy steering has not occurred。Like Argentina、Brazil、Ecuador、Government of countries such as Mexico，Policies for new liberal tendencies in a certain period of time，But the changes based on the international situation and the domestic interest pattern have emerged repeatedly，A certain degree of correction and adjustment of new liberal policy。

　　The current new liberal policy in Latin America has once again caused controversy

On the occasion of the third decade of the 21st century，New Liberalism has once again attracted widespread attention and controversy。

Since recent time，Latin American right -wing forces "Hui Tide"，Continue to impact the political territory of the area。In a new round of election cycle after 2018，Latin American left -wing power continues to lower，Latin American right -wing forces in Chile、Colombia、Paraguay、Guatemara、Uruguay、Brazil and other countries to go to power，The balance of "left and right co -governance" is further tilted to the right。Cuba、Venezuela、Nicaragua's left -wing ruling party was besieged by regional right -wing forces，The situation is getting difficult，and Bolivia's left -wing ruling party was even forced to step down; the left -wing extensive front in Uruguay has lost its governing status for 15 consecutive years。The impact of this Latin American right -wing forces "Political Tide"，Latin American right -wing parties with new liberalism will inevitably lead，After coming to power, firmly pursue the new liberal policy，Make the left -wing political forces in the relevant countries forced to seek the method of response。

The implementation of the new liberal policy failed to eliminate the political dilemma，But trigger a new controversy。Enter 2019，Anti -new liberal protest movement continues to spread in Latin America。Social protests in Honduras in Central America，Reform of the Privatization of Medical and Education，Forced the authorities to promise to stop reform。Haiti in the Caribbean region，Social protests killed dozens of people，and cause a political crisis。Ecuador in South America、Colombia and Chile，tendency for new liberal bet365 Play online games policy，Social and economic policy adjustments performed by the government have failed to resolve the current dilemma of the country and society，Then cause large -scale protest activities，Related countries have been forced to cancel or delay the national development reform plan to be introduced。It can be said，New Liberal Policy in Latin America is not a "Spiritual Triven Pill" for solving problems。Also as，The new liberal policy orientation of the Brazilian government，It has not been widely supported and caused strong dissatisfaction in society。Frequent protests in the Latin American region are reflecting on the insiders and outsiders of the bureau，Why implement the new liberal policy caused more serious social blockage，When the new liberal policy cannot be changed，How to repair new liberal policies has become the focus of the attention of Latin American politics。

The vulnerability of the current new liberal policy，is the focus of in -depth social concerns。An basic logic of Latin American neo -liberalism is，Social poverty will decrease with economic growth，Social poverty elimination is an inevitable result of economic growth。Therefore，Various policy design of new liberalism，All are the core。After nearly 20 years of economic landslides and undulation，Since 2003, Latin America has gone out of the dilemma of "weak growth"，Realized a strong growth of up to ten years; in the new round of growth cycle，The total economic and per capita income of Latin America increased rapidly，The middle class grows，Poverty rate drops to historical low。But the decline in poverty and the growth of the middle class，It is mainly the natural results of economic growth，After the population close to the poverty line quickly get rid of poverty，It is difficult to get rid of poverty。After 2014，Latin American economy continues to decline，A rebound in the poor，Popularity of poverty alleviation，Even the poverty phenomenon of "middle class" poverty。The limitations of the new liberal policy are highlighted during the economic downturn，Treating concerns about the fragility of the new liberal policy。

　　Latin American Left Wing explores a new solution for replacement of new liberalism in criticism

　　Latin American left -wing government、Left -wing party、Left -wing leader、Left -wing intellectuals，Actively seeking countermeasures to respond to the growth of right -wing forces in Latin America and the rebound of new liberalism，While continuously counterattacked and critical of neo -liberalism，Continue to explore the country and social development plan that replaces new liberalism。

Criticism and reveal the nature and defects of neo -liberalism。Latin bet365 live casino games American left -wing scholars combined with regional political change bureau，Criticizing the essence of neo -liberalism，Continue to explore the alternative scheme of neo -liberalism。Mexican scholar Akelman thinks，Although Latin American right wing has won elections in some countries，But new liberal ideology is becoming more and more difficult in the region，More and more lost efficiency。Argentine left -wing scholar Bolon believes，New Liberalism is already dying in Latin America，Chile、Ecuador、Civil protests in countries such as Colombia are essentially opposed to the struggle of neo -liberalism。Continuous people protest，Change the direction of Latin American development，New Liberalism can no longer be resurrected，People no longer believe that neo -liberalism is guiding Latin America for democracy、Freedom and social fairness。Peru's left -wing politicians Bella Eris believes，The struggle of anti -new liberalism in Latin America has risen。New Liberalism has been considered the only road to economic growth，But it is currently in Latin America to retreat。All supporters of neo -liberalism are helpless in front of the sudden outbreak of social protests，The people's protest revealed the myth of the new liberal mode，Exposure of its defects。The fatal defect of the new liberal mode is to exacerbate the degree of wealth centralization，The interests of economic growth have not been shared reasonably by various social classes。New liberalism causes the poverty of the middle class，The poor lost the way to obtain benefits。The poor lost the way to obtain benefits，Global neo -liberalism is like a pumping machine，Squeeze the wealth of most people，Concentrate it in the hands of a few people。

Latin American left -wing forces hold a variety of activities to support the left -wing government that is still in power。Recently, the left -wing governments such as Venezuela have encountered many governance problems，Governance difficulty increases，At the same time, it was siege by the right -wing forces in the United States and Latin America。Latin American left -wing forces to support and support the left -wing government，An important way to fight back new liberal tide。Also as，In December 2018, the "Bolivar America Alliance" summit with Latin American left -wing countries as the main body，Solidarity of Venezuela and Nicaragua government，and ask the United States to cancel the blockade of Cuba。In May 2019, the theme of the Political Committee of the Alliance is to support and defend the Venezuela Bolivar Revolution，Support Venezuela against the United States interference，Solidarity and support Cuba against bet365 best casino games the blockade of the United States。July 2019，The 25th St. Paul Forum held in Venezuela passed the final statement and multiple resolutions，condemn the United States to Venezuela、Sanctions from Cuba and other countries，Sound of the Venezuela government。The Mexican Labor Party hosted the 23rd "Party and New Society" International Forum in April 2019，Participants unanimously supported the Venezuela government，Opposition to the United States' blockade of Cuba。Argentina, February 2019、Brazil、Chile、Colombia、Paraguay、Uruguay 6 South American Communist Party issued a common statement，condemn the blockade and sanctions on Venezuela by the United States and Latin American right -wing government，Any attempt to oppose military interference in Venezuela。In April 2019, the Communist Party of Mexico and China American countries held a meeting，condemn the imperialism to Latin America, especially Venezuela、Nicaragua's interference and aggression behavior，Reading the support of the Cuban Revolution，condemn the economic blockade of imperialism to Cuba、Threat and interference。In November 2019 Latin American Political Party Conference also supported Cuba's statement that Cuba opposed the blockade of the United States。

Criticizing the production method of new liberalism and capitalism。Latin American left -wing force thinks，New Liberalism is essentially plunder，is a way for capitalism，is a means of plunder and aggression，Tools in the hands of financial capitalism and speculators，is the worst part of the barbaric capitalism，is the obstacle to continuing to deepen democracy。The Communist Party of Mexico and Central America emphasizes，In the past 20 years, the Latin American region pursues capitalist production methods，The Communist Party of Mexico and Central America emphasizes。The capitalist production method in Latin America is imposed，It is conducive to the bourgeoisie and monopoly，Eda workers、Farmers、Aboriginal people、The right to women and youth，Their living conditions continue to deteriorate。Chile Communist Party Council Papaleho pointed out，Under the leadership of neo -liberalism，Latin American conservative forces have been opposed to the requirements of the people for decades，As a result, the public receives unequal and unfair treatment，Social contradictions continue to accumulate，It makes it difficult to avoid the large -scale crisis。Argentine Communist Party leaders think，Capitalism in Latin America is increasingly aggressive，To protect your long -term interests，At the expense of weakening the role of the country，Lack of basic respect bet365 live casino games for national sovereignty，exacerbated the deterioration of the workers。In the eyes of Latin America，Latin American right -wing forces and capitalist spokespersons，Whether it is conducive to yourself as the sole criterion。In the eyes of the right -wing forces of Latin America，It is conducive to bourgeois enterprises, which is conducive to the state，So many people's groups are placed in a tragic situation，Worsening of social public services，The future of damage to the country。

Strategy to seek to deal with the conservative forces of the Ratin America。July 2019 Latin American left -wing forces established the "Pudebra Group" in Mexico，Including former Brazilian President Lula and Rostef、Former President Lugo、Former President Correa、The current President of Argentine President Fernandez、Mexican ruling party chairman and other left -wing dignitaries，and many left -wing party leaders joined the group。The group proposes the slogan of "change is progressive"，To reflect、Action and political consultation "，Containment of the growth of the conservative forces of Latin America。The second "Fighting Democratic Anti -New Liberal Liberal Solidarity Anti -imperial Conference" held in Cuba in November 2019 passed the final statement，Support Cuba、Venezuela、Nicaragua and other peoples oppose bet365 best casino games the blockade of the United States、Sanctions and interference，Call for Latin American left -wing unity，Containing the right -wing upward momentum。Multiple meetings of the Ratish America's left -wing parties emphasize，Left -wing force needs to strengthen unity，Copy new challenges，For democracy、Justice、Sovereignty、Equality and struggle。

　　Latin American left wing and neo -liberal contest did not end

For the past 20 years，New Liberalism and Anti -New Liberal Forces have launching a continuous contest in Latin America，This contest will continue。Latin American left -wing government in power，Emphasize that the country is in hygiene、Education、Financial Services、People's Life and other fields to play an authoritative role，Let promoting social development、Environmental protection、Reduce poverty、Eliminate social inequality、Promoting employment as an important goal。Dan Latin -American Left Wing ruling party to replace neo -liberalism is not ideal。Current，Venezuela encountered a political and economic crisis，Bolivia Left Wing ruling party stepped down，Ecuador's "Citizen Revolution" also announced the end，Practice of replacement of neo -liberalism Exploring unprecedented setbacks。In the face of unprecedented large -scale social protests，New Liberal Policy in Latin America also faces unprecedented pressures。New Liberal Policy in the past 20 years，Generate a series of negative consequences bet365 best casino games in Latin American countries，​​Poverty and unfair issues that people care about most for a long time will not be relieved for a long time，The public is still looking forward to revising the new liberal policy，Possibilities to achieve your own development。In the environment of the left and right competition in Latin America and the strong pressure of social protests，Many Right -wing ruling parties in Latin American no longer adhere to extreme new liberalism，Instead, trying to repair and correct the new liberal policy，Eliminate obvious negative consequences。

No matter how setbacks are alternative to the practice of neo -liberalism，Still New Liberal Policy suffered protests and resistance，Both will promote the continued development of the Latin American countries to continue to explore the development path that meets the actual region and the country。In this sense,，The contest of neo -liberalism and anti -new liberalism will continue。

　　(Author Unit: Institute of Latin America, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences)