Marxism、Socialism enters China，It not only triggered profound changes in Chinese civilization，has also gone through a process of gradual sinicization。The philosophical basis and motivation of this sinicization process，That’s Marx、bet365 bonus code louisiana materialism proposed by Engels。The social and bet365 bonus code louisiana development process revealed by their bet365 bonus code louisiana materialism，Not an abstract universal formula，It is a concrete bet365 bonus code louisiana path。This bet365 bonus code louisiana understanding comes from the materialist transformation of Hegel’s dialectics and his philosophy of history。It can be said，bet365 bonus code louisiana materialism and its concrete path，Exploring for Chinese people with lofty ideals in modern times、The development of Marxism and socialism in China provides the basic guidelines，To further develop and construct Chinese characteristics、Chinese style、Chinese-style Marxist philosophy guides the direction。

Hegel’s philosophy of history is to understand Marx、The theoretical premise of Engels’s bet365 bonus code louisiana materialism。Hegel’s dialectic decisively placed the principle of “history” in philosophy，This principle is summarized as "substance-subject": the subject as entity or the entity as subject，It is the self-activity of the Absolute，This means，The Absolute is essentially the result of its own activities，It is the direct sublation、Simple、The process by which unreflected existence returns to itself，Dialectics is the "road" or "itinerary" of this self-activity，History and dialectics are the same thing for Hegel。To this，Marx realized，Although Hegel only found abstraction for bet365 bonus code louisiana movement、Speculative expression，But by viewing human self-generation as a process，See it as the result of your own labor，Truely describes "human activities"、The history of the formation of man”。In order to fully obtain the bet365 bonus code louisiana principles of Hegel's philosophy、Overcome its speculative nature，Marx、Engels defined human self-activity as realistic human perceptual practice from a materialist perspective，Proposed that “consciousness can only be an existence that is realized at any time，And people’s existence is their real life process”，bet365 bonus code louisiana materialism "can only arise from the study of the real life processes and activities of individuals in each era"。If you say，In Hegel’s Dialectics，The "subject" as a self-activist is the absolute、Speculative thinking，The motivation for activities comes from the opposition of the concept itself、Contradiction and sublation；Then，In Marx、Engels’s materialist transformation of dialectics，The self-actor is the "real subject"，It is the real life process of people and the internal structure of the given society in which they live。

What’s more important is，The concrete principle of Hegel’s philosophy of history deeply influenced Marx、Engels’ concrete explanation of bet365 bonus code louisiana materialism。The self-activity of the Absolute is productive、The concrete path。As Hegel’s concept of “reality” indicates，Reality is the unity of essence and reality in history，It is the process of making something universal become something concrete and alive。This kind of development、The universality of reality，Also requires a concrete attitude towards dialectics itself: dialectics is not a method that can be applied to any subject matter、The “innate methodology” of content，It is not imposed externally on the object by the philosopher，Forcing it to fit a thought；It is something developed from the inherent content of the object，It is the object itself that defines itself。Visible，External reflection can only be general、Indiscriminate application of principles to grasp abstract universals，But cannot enter the substantial content of things themselves，This is just "the rationality out of abstract and empty playing with abstract and empty forms"。To this，Marx emphasized it，bet365 bonus code louisiana materialism does not provide abstract bet365 bonus code louisiana conclusions，It cannot be separated from the real life process of the specific society in which it lives for a moment，"Never provide prescriptions or formulas that can be applied to all bet365 bonus code louisiana eras"。So，He strongly opposed the following approach: completely turning the bet365 bonus code louisiana overview of the origin of capitalism in Western Europe into a bet365 bonus code louisiana and philosophical theory of the general development path，All ethnic groups，Regardless of their bet365 bonus code louisiana circumstances，We are all destined to walk the same path。

Hegel’s discussion of “national spirit” focuses on the principle of embodiment。The bet365 bonus code louisiana positioning of a nation in the stages of self-activity and sublation of the universal，It is determined by its certain special principles、The specific spirit is determined by the "national spirit"。This national spirit "is a special spirit with strict regulations，It builds itself in an objective world，The belief that it survives and continues in a special way、Customs、In the constitution and political law - in the scope of its entire system - and in the many events and actions that constitute its history。This is its job – this is this nation”。The real country is inspired by this national spirit in all special affairs。So，Hegel just said，It is meaningless for people to ask the question "who should formulate the national system"，Because it assumes the absence of any national system；actually，National institutions are by no means simply manufactured or designed，But under the influence of a specific national spirit、Naturally formed over many centuries。

Here is Hegel’s discussion of the national differences between France and Germany as an example。The creation of the modern world marked by the Enlightenment and the French Revolution，is a universal undertaking，This formally absolute principle brings us to the "final stage of history，This is our world，Our time”。However，This abstract universality has not yet become a "living spirit" or a "concrete mind"，This needs to be completed by specific ethnic groups。The Germanic nation and the French nation have played different roles in the cause of modernity according to their own traditions。For the Germanic people，Luther’s Reformation eliminated the externality of faith，Inspires the "inherence of the German nation"，Make it realize that "human beings are destined to be free on their own"。bet365 bonus code louisiana this theoretical endowment of immanence，When faced with the universal concept of freedom of the Enlightenment，There is no need to lead a political revolution in the struggle against the church like France，But to reconcile with the "Protestant world"、Toward a philosophical revolution of self-reflection。The French are keen on the political effectiveness of Enlightenment principles、This is why the Germans are satisfied with the "quiet theory"。

Marx、Engels understood the national path of socialism in a concrete context。Imitate Hegel’s philosophy of history，Engels believed: "The Germans，A nation that believes in Christian spiritualism，Experienced a philosophical revolution；French，A nation that believes in classical ancient materialism，Thus a political nation，The revolution must be completed through political means；British，This nation is a mixture of German and French elements，That is to say, the British have two opposite aspects，So broader than either of these two factors，Therefore，The British were involved in a wider revolution，That is, social revolution”，The status of each nation in modern times has not been explained at all in the philosophy of history。Visible，The choice of revolutionary method，It is the result of the certain society in which the nation lives and its bet365 bonus code louisiana development。Marx also emphasized: “The sublation of alienation always starts from the form of alienation as the dominant force；Self-consciousness in Germany；Equality in France。Because this is politics；Realistic in the UK、Material、Only measure your own actual needs by yourself”，The sublation of alienation is determined by the social and bet365 bonus code louisiana conditions of alienation itself，Different nations have different “economic foundations”，There will be different forms of socialist theory。

Here we take the particularity of the Russian bet365 bonus code louisiana environment discussed by Marx as an example。Controversies and doubts surrounding the Russian road，In Marx’s view，One key is: whether Russian society has passed through capitalism or entered socialism，All this depends on the bet365 bonus code louisiana environment of Russia’s agricultural communes。By reading and studying a large amount of bet365 bonus code louisiana materials，Marx discovered，Russia's "agricultural commune" itself has the duality of public ownership and private ownership。This means，“There are only two choices: either the private ownership elements it contains defeat the collective elements，Or the latter defeats the former。A priori，Both endings are possible，But，For any of them，Obviously both must have completely different bet365 bonus code louisiana circumstances”。At the same time，Russia’s bet365 bonus code louisiana environment is not isolated from world history: because it “exists at the same time as Western production that controls the world market”，Russia will be able to use all the positive results created by the capitalist system in the communes。This shows again，The substantial content of Russian society cannot be treated a priori，Will Russia embark on the road of socialism，We must give our own answer based on the bet365 bonus code louisiana practice of Russian society。

Hegel and Marx、Engels’ concrete explanation of the view of history，Provides powerful ideological clues and references for the Sinicization of Marxism。In Marx，bet365 bonus code louisiana materialism cannot be understood as a bet365 bonus code louisiana philosophy theory of a general development path；Same，If we adhere to the ideological principles of bet365 bonus code louisiana materialism，Then it means，What is relevant to China’s social reality is not ordinary Marxism、General socialism，That is, Marx、What Engels called “theory of bet365 bonus code louisiana philosophy” and “abstract socialism”；It’s not even Russian-style Marxism that emerged from another special environment、Bolshevik Socialism；And it must be the kind of bet365 bonus code louisiana movement that can be related to Chinese society itself、Sinicized Marxism consistent with the modern transformation of Chinese civilization。

First，The bet365 bonus code louisiana basis of the Sinicization of Marxism is the substantive content and civilizational tradition of Chinese society。Chinese society is formed in bet365 bonus code louisiana traditions，As Sinologist Xie Henai said，“China’s basic tradition (politics、Religion、Aesthetics and jurisprudence) are related to Indian society、Islamic world、Western Christian society is completely different”，"The face she showed today，It is indeed the product and result of its long history”。The same is true for the socialist spirit that takes root in China’s realistic soil，According to Liang Qichao，"This spirit，Not from outside，It is inherent in me。Confucius said ‘No one is poor’，和无 widow’，Confucius’s talk about ‘constant production and perseverance’，This is the most essential argument for this doctrine，I don’t agree at all”。This difference in social structure between China and the West，It can be further observed as follows: European socialism in the era of Marx，Mainly taking civil society as a critical starting point，According to Hegel and Marx，The premise of civil society is the atomized individual after the disintegration of ethical life，“Civil society can only be completed in Christendom。Christianity unites all nations、Natural、Ethical theories and relationships have become external to people”；But this kind of civil society does not conform to China’s social status since the Axial Age，Family、Patriarchal、Ethical elements such as customs are decisive，"Slimming、Qijia、Governing the country、Pingtianxia" also shows the immanence of this ethical society。To some extent，The difference between Western-style society and Chinese-style society，It is a civilizational difference。The discourse construction of Chinese Marxist philosophy also needs to be continuously deepened in the process of creatively inheriting and transforming civilization traditions。

Second，The ideological premise of sinicizing Marxism is to get rid of dogmatism、Study Chinese society realistically。In order to grasp the reality of Chinese society，We need to get rid of the ideological shackles of dogmatism。Because social reality is an unfolding bet365 bonus code louisiana process，Thus thought cannot be satisfied with the established reality、Stay in the solidified category，Need to emancipate the mind with the times，Searching for bet365 bonus code louisiana laws from the things themselves。Take “rural areas surrounding cities” as an example。After the failure of cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party，Early Communists first imitated the form of the Russian Revolution - the central city uprising，However, the failed experience of armed uprisings shows that，China’s bet365 bonus code louisiana environment is different from Russia’s，China cannot rely on external sources for its problems、Ready-made Russian model answered，The choice of the path of the Chinese revolution must be derived from social reality，That is, a form that is more in line with China’s reality - rural areas surrounding cities。As Mao Zedong concluded when criticizing "dogmatism" and "formalism": "Formalistically absorbing foreign things，We have suffered big losses in the past in China。The same is true for Chinese communists’ application of Marxism in China，The universal truth of Marxism and the specific practice of the Chinese revolution must be completely and appropriately unified，That is to say，Combined with national characteristics，After a certain national form，Only useful，Never apply it subjectively and formulaically。”China’s socialist construction and reform and opening up are taking unprecedented and pioneering paths，This pioneering approach also calls for the independent discourse of Chinese Marxist philosophy that is relevant to social reality。

　Third，The civilizational significance of the Sinicization of Marxism needs to be consciously developed in the process of world history。Chinese society with unique traditions will also undergo a two-way transformation in the process of entering the modern world: on the one hand，In modern times, Chinese society had to accept some universal regulations led by the West，Carry out China’s modernization process，Experienced the Westernization Movement including the artifact level、The Reform Movement of 1898 and the Revolution of 1911 at the institutional level，And the May 4th New Culture Movement at the level of values ​​and concepts；But on the other hand，The universality of the modern world is generated in the process of concretization，Chinese society as a real subject，Integrating into the world、When you change yourself, you also change the world，The person who is prescribed is also the person who regulates。At a time when Chinese society is truly actively appropriating all the achievements of modern civilization，Also creatively reinterpreting and exploring the positive elements of Chinese civilization tradition，Thus putting forward China’s propositions that affect the progress and development of all mankind in bet365 bonus code louisiana practice，Contribute Chinese wisdom，For example, the poverty alleviation plan of a “moderately prosperous society”、“The world is for the common good、The road to human liberation of "World Harmony"、New plans such as the new type of major-country relations of "a community with a shared future for mankind"。The world influence of Chinese Marxist philosophical discourse，It also depends on whether it can help explore a new form of human civilization。

　　(Author’s affiliation: Institute of Philosophy, bet365 bonus code louisiana Academy of Social Sciences)