The proletarian revolutionary Lenin has praised Rosa Luxembourg (hereinafter referred to as "Luxembourg") "Always a eagle"。Luxembourg's life is short for a long time，But left valuable ideological wealth。In the process of long -term engaging in political party practice，Luxembourg has formed a understanding of the construction of proletarian party organizations。

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Russian and German proletarian party activities have profoundly affected Luxembourg's cognition of party building。At the Second Congress of the Russian Social Democratic Labor Party in 1903，There is a huge difference in the problems of the party's organization principles within the party，Democratic Labor Party of Russia officially split。Lenin in "Further，Two steps "proposed，Russia wants to implement new political party organization principles。Luxembourg, which is always followed by the development of the Russian proletarian party, after seeing the principle of building the party organization proposed by Lenin，I wrote the article "The Organization of the Russian Social Democratic Party" to discuss the view on the principles of party organizations。Luxembourg criticized the organizational principles proposed by Lenin，and pointed out that "self -centralized system" is the correct principle of party organization。At the same time，There are also major differences in her German Social Democratic Party where her German Social Democratic Party is located，Marxist guidance, which is mainly manifested in the German Social Democratic Party, has been impacted by Bernstein and others，The prevalence of opportunism in the party。From this，The political party activities experienced by Luxembourg have firmly thought about the beliefs of constantly thinking about the ideas of party organizations。

Luxembourg's assertion on the ideas of party organization construction is not simply staying at the theoretical level，It is also formed in the experience experience of political party practice。Starting from middle school，Luxembourg actively participated Bet365 lotto review in the socialist group activity，Participate in the party's publicity work。Especially after the establishment of the Democratic Party of the Kingdom of Poland，Luxembourg has become one of the main leaders within the party。As the theoretical leader of the party，The editor -in -chief and important writer of the report of the Party's "Workers' Career"。After graduating from college，Luxembourg joined the German Social Democratic Party。The moment when the tide of revisionism in the party，She is standing at the forefront of criticizing the trend of Bernsteinism。After the outbreak of World War I，The German Social Democratic Party betrayed socialism and proletarian internationalism。Luxembourg decides to build a left organization。In December 1918, Luxembourg participated in the party's establishment conference as one of the founders and leaders of the Communist Party of China。Rich party activities have laid a practical foundation for the formation of the construction of the Luxembourg party organization。

　　Pay attention to the formulation of organizational principles

1904 Luxembourg's principle of centralized organizations in the party proposed by Lenin，I wrote an article entitled "The Organization of the Russian Social Democratic Party"。In this article，Luxembourg emphasizes that the proletarian party needs to pay attention to organization construction，Especially the formulation of the organization principles。

Luxembourg is in the debate with Lenin's principle of building party organizations，Organizational principles formed a "self -centralized system"。Fundamental speaking，Luxembourg and Lenin have no fundamental differences in principle。The main differences between the two are concentrated on the degree and content of concentration。Luxembourg advocates the implementation of a centralized system within the party.，It is necessary。At the same time，Luxembourg pays more attention to the close contact of the party and the people。The activity of the proletarian party needs to cooperate with the people to carry out revolutionary struggle，To fully mobilize the organic connection between the political parties and the people。Democratic system has created various political forms (autonomy、Election rights, etc.)，When the proletariat transforms the capitalist bet365 best casino games society，You can act as a springboard and support point for it。The proletariat is in the democratic system，In the struggle for democracy，In the use of democratic rights，Realize that your class interests and your own historical mission。At the same time，Only extensive democracy is implemented within the party，can we effectively prevent the phenomenon of bureaucracy and corruption appearing in the party。

Correctly deal with the relationship between the central and grassroots，is another important content of the construction of Luxembourg organization。In the article "Organization of the Russian Social Democratic Party"，Luxembourg deeply analyzes the principle of party organizations proposed by Lenin。Luxembourg thinks，The direction of enhanced the centralism of the party in Lenin is right，But I have lost bias on the issue of the relationship between the central and grass -roots organizations。Luxembourg thinks，During the construction of the proletarian party，The central government should give grass -roots organization's relatively flexible action power，To ensure the smooth development of the proletarian revolution。"If the strategy of the Social Democratic Party is not by the Central Committee，but by the whole party，More precisely，It is developed by the entire exercise，Then the party's organizations at all levels obviously need to have action freedom，To promote the full use of all means provided by the situation at the time to strengthen the struggle and play the first spirit of the revolution。"Luxembourg believes that the corresponding action freedom of giving local party organizations is not to give up concentratedism，I did not say that it completely moved to decentralization。From Luxembourg，Freedom of the action of grass -roots organizations can enhance the vitality of the proletarian revolutionary activities，to improve the effectiveness of the proletarian revolution。

Luxembourg also recognizes the importance of the party's party to the construction of political parties。The German Social Democratic Party has actively participated in the German parliamentary activities since its establishment，The German Social Democratic Party established an independent parliamentary party in the Imperial Parliament。Luxembourg is exploring the problem of organizational construction，It also has a clear proposition for bet365 Play online games the issue of the party group of the Congress。

On the one hand，As a political representative of the proletarian party，Public actions and remarks of the Party and Youth League of the Congress represent the party's political position and interest appeal。At the same time，The words and deeds of the Congress Party in the parliamentary activities will further affect the party's policy policy。Luxembourg thinks，"The Congress of the parliamentary activities determines the party's destiny and task in ideology and strategy"。"Involved the party's principles or important strategy problems，The party's party of the Social Democratic Party is neither necessary，There is no reason to see the results of their discussion as a private thing "。Because，The discussion of the Congress Party and Youth League is not only the task of the parliamentary activities itself，It also represents the development appeal of the entire proletarian party。

On the other hand，The Congress Party is also the spokesperson for the interests of the masses。Luxembourg recognizes the characteristics of the people's nature of the party members of the German Social Democratic Party。Therefore，She emphasizes that the party and groups of Congress should keep close contact with the people，This move is to prevent opportunities in the party and group from occurring。Luxembourg thinks，Only give full play to the superiority of the Congress party and regiment，Only can the party members of the Congress become "the spokesperson and the speaker of the acupuncture of the nation's encouragement"。The positioning of the Congress of the Congress through Luxembourg is enough to see，Make a proletarian struggle in Germany also requires the support and cooperation of the Congress party and delegation。

　　Make sure the correctness of the organization principles

On the issue of party organization construction，Luxembourg pays more attention to the leadership of the organizational spirit。During the construction of the proletarian party，The establishment of any form of organization cannot be flawless，The premise is to ensure the correctness of the organizational principles。

One，"Self -centralized System" is rich in democratic centralized system。The "self -centralized system" thought proposed by Luxembourg not only advocates strengthening the centralism in the party，At the same time, pay attention to the significance of most people's owners。Luxembourg can bet365 Play online games plan in the process of understanding democracy and concentration.，It is inseparable from her for a long time to live under the social environment of Western Europe。The prominent contribution of the "self -centralized system" thought is，She has realized the importance of properly handling the relationship between democracy and concentration before Lenin。

Since its establishment of the Communist Party of China，Adhere to the organizational principles of democratic centralized system。The relationship between democracy and concentration should be complementary、Promoting each other，Concentration on the basis of democracy，Democracy under centralized guidance。Implementation of democratic centralized system can ensure that democracy within the party，Enhance the supervision of the party，Ability to improve the party's self -purification，At the same time, it can unify the thought within the party，Concentrated strength to do big events，Express the superiority of socialism with Chinese characteristics。The Communist Party of China is during the construction of political parties，Constantly explore and implement the scientific method of democratic centralized system。Standardize the implementation of democratic centralized systems from the institutional level，The formulation of the "Regulations on the Reporting Report of the Communist Party of China" is an important measure to implement the democratic centralized system。Regulations on this issue in the form of regulations in the party，Not only serious discipline within the party、The needs of organizational discipline and work discipline，At the same time, it is also the guarantee of the government order，Important measures to maintain the authority of the Party Central Committee。

Its two，The policy of organizing the construction of the party is centered on the people。The view of the masses is one of the core ideas of Marxist theory。Marx Engels has highly evaluated the role of the masses，pointed out "Historical activities are the activities of the masses，With the deepening of historical activities，It will be the expansion of the masses "。Affected by the theory of Marxism，Luxembourg fully attaches great importance to the power of the people。On the issue of the organizational principles of political parties，Luxembourg always bet365 live casino games emphasizes the importance of the masses。

The people of the people have long -term social forces that the people have rely on the Communist Party of China，Revolution in my country、Each stage of construction and reform，All participated in it and made an indelible contribution。For example，Anti -Japanese War period，Mao Zedong is thinking about leadership methods，The combination of leaders and the masses is used as one of the important leadership methods。"In all the actual work of our party，All the right leaders，It must be from the masses，Go to the masses。”

Its three，Organization in the party should establish Marxist ideals and beliefs。The late 19th century and early 20th century，New changes in the emergence of world economic politics，Promote Marxists to start re -reflecting on Marxist theory for reality。During the college, Luxembourg was deeply influenced by Marxism，The theory of learning philosophy and political economics，Constantly thinking about the new changes in the emergence of capitalism and the applicability of Marxist theory，Persist in using Marxist thought as the guiding ideology of the proletarian party。

Looking at Luxembourg's organizational construction ideas from the perspective of development，Not only must I see the theoretical foresight，It should also recognize the limitations of thought from the background of social and historical。In terms of organizational construction ideas，The limitations of Luxembourg are mainly due to ignoring the differences between Russia and Western Europe in the national conditions、Ignoring the limitation of the history of the masses and the operability of political party practice。It can be said，Luxembourg has traveled all his life on the road to realizing communism，and present valuable life，She practiced a lofty belief in Marxism with her personal actions。

For today's political parties，To always maintain vitality and vitality，The most important thing is to always pay attention to its own organization construction，It is necessary to always take the organization of the party's own organization as a long -term work task.。A political party，A ideal、Belief political parties，Must start from its own nature and beliefs，Moving the construction of the political parties with the times，can maintain bet365 best casino games vitality and strong combat power，Only to win in the real struggle。

　　(This article is the key project of Rosa Luxembourg, the key project of the 2019 Scientific Research Fund of the School of Marxism at Renmin University of China,

(Author Unit: College of Marxism College of Renmin University of China)