As a thinker who has deep criticism of Enlightenment，Marx will inevitably encounter and deal with the issue of enlightenment and its moral planning。Marx's thoughts are born from German classical philosophy，The latter is also closely related to the Enlightenment and its moral planning，The two should deal with the issues of enlightenment and their moral planning，But showing substantial differences。In the context of enlightenment and its moral planning，With the help of the perspective distinguished from Germany's conceptual theory, Marx's absorption and conversion of enlightenment morality，Can help us understand the ideological change of Marx in the moral field。

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The difference between the modern world and the ancient world lies in the re -discovery of people and their subject forces。Human and God relationships upside down，Human dignity、Value、Right、interests and secular happiness are affirmed，The goal of becoming the ideal of enlightenment and moral planning，Until by Germany's conceptualism and Marx inheritance。"Have the courage to use your own reason!" This is the slogan of the Enlightenment。Enlightenment means rational autonomy and rational freedom，To understand and construct human order with rationality，"Reason" replaces "God" to become a court in the final basis and measuring all things in the modern world，Its status is the establishment and consolidation of school and Newton's natural science through modern rational nature。The establishment of the bet365 live casino games principle of "I think" of Descartes，excluded theological interference for the development of natural science，It also established the way of thinking about the two points of modern people and guests，The root cause of the thoughts that hidden modernity。

In the Enlightenment era，Newton's natural scientific methods and their achievements and rational metaphysics echo each other，Proved the powerful of rational ability，is a role model for other disciplines。Scientific methods and its worldview have gradually influenced and dominated the spiritual world of modern people，Follow science and become science，The direction of becoming effort to become intellectual。Comprehensive method of natural science analysis replaced the priority interpretation method，The attitude of knowledge about nature and the world replaced the practical attitude towards religious beliefs，Under the use of mechanical theories, the purpose theory，Using scientific rationality and tools rationally to drive above abstract rationality and value rationality，Two points that lead to science and value，thus deeply affected the Enlightenment and its moral planning，Bring a change in moral evaluation standards and moral construction paths。

Enlightenment also seeks modern liberation through religious criticism and political criticism，Use rationally to disintegrate the old ideology and construct a new society order，For the realization of enlightenment human Taoist ideals。"Reason" has become an integrated force that overthrow the old world and rebuild the new world，Market economy and democratic politics are the basic organization forms of the modern world。Religious、Moral and Political bet365 best casino games Separation，Personal、Separation of society and the country，The country and society belong to the public domain，Only protect personal rights，Do not assume moral functions，Morality belongs to a private field，Is the individual's independent choice。From this，Enlightenment thinkers based on different understanding of universal human nature，Development of various moral planning mainly represented by contract ethics and utilitarian ethics，Deliven interest、Freedom、Right、The realization of happiness，and consistent this realization of the construction of social order。

The above characteristics make the enlightenment moral planning show the following problems: first，Personalization of moral basis。Different thinkers are based on different understanding of universal human nature，Starting from the abstract principles of their respective respective abstraction，Interpretation of different moral philosophy systems，These systems cannot be convention，Desire is universal and cannot，Personalized the moral life of modern people、Diversified and subjective。Second，Knowledge or technology of moral content。Moral behavior has become a compliance with the rules，It is not much related to "good people" and "good life"，The service is nothing more than personal rights、Realization of interests and desires。third，Moral、Value is excluded from science，Mechanical World Perspective Envoy Tools rationally above value rationality，The country and society have become "field of power" and "battlefield for interests"，Bringing the materialization or virtualization of spiritual and cultural life，Lack of beliefs、mental deficiency、Free loss、Modern Bet365 app download sexual moral problems such as human loss。Copy and solve these problems，It is the common ambition and basic task of modern moral philosophy。

　　Coperly enlightenment moral planning: From Germany's concept to Marx

Kant、Hegel as the main representative of German concept，Its theoretical contains ideological resources that actively cope with enlightenment moral planning。Kant is the advancement of enlightenment moral planning within the enlightenment tradition。He regards the consequences of ethics as the main representation of enlightenment moral planning，Volunteer theory ethics to correct it，Emphasize "people is the purpose" and "man's own legislation"，The real realization of the rational and freedom serving people。Dan's priority philosophy and their theoretical use of rational theoretical use and practical use，I did not break through the inherent nature of "I think"，Starting from the general principles of humanity or abstraction，It is difficult to overcome the suspicion of ethics of obligations，So Hegel criticized Kant as "I taught people to swim before launching"，Stay in "Should"，No objective effectiveness。Kant's definition of rational use，In fact, the promotion and deepening of enlightenment on the basis of defending rationality，Therefore, I participated in the enlightenment moral planning，Its ethics has also become the "one" in many paths of the latter。

Hegel's philosophy of philosophy by proposing "subject is entity"，Realized new philosophical changes within the rational metaphysics。He has promoted the subjective intellectual to the spirit of rationality，Try to overcome and break through the subjectivity and one -sidedness of enlightenment moral planning。He thinks，bet365 Play online games The world is essentially the dialectical movement and development and its products of the rational spirit，Gives moral culture tradition and national history with great legitimacy。He emphasizes continuing opposition to fracture，Emphasize historical heritage against abstract construction，Proposal to the concrete of ethical states as an absolute spirit，Can protect personal rights and interests，Can provide individuals with spiritual destination and value leaders，Therefore, the subjective enlightenment morality is promoted into realistic social ethics。but，Therefore, the subjective enlightenment morality is promoted into realistic social ethics，This path has obvious idealism，It is still a correction of enlightenment moral planning within rational internal。

Marx inherited the humanitarian ideal of enlightenment moral planning，It also absorbed Hegel's dialectics principles and its criticism of enlightenment moral planning，Look at the development of morality and social history with a dialectical and historical attitude，Breaking the idealism of German conceptual theory，It proposed new materialism based on practical activities and historical sciences that "describe people's practical activities and actual development processes"。Practical activities are the prerequisite for rationality and make it possible，No longer starts from general human nature to build moral philosophy，Instead, the social consciousness form that is decided by the existence of morality for the society and reflects the existence of society，rooted in social production activities，It will continue to develop with the change of social production methods。Marx's virtuous crisis as the essential crisis of capitalist society，bet365 best casino games Putting the crisis over the aggressive social change instead of moral enlightenment or ethical country。History and science as a science and inherent unity of human science，Breaking the attitude of mechanical theory and tool theory，Comprehensive facts and value、Scientific and humanitarian。Correspondence with capitalist production methods，Enlightenment morality or the morality of the bourgeoisie，Communist morality is the "morality of real people" in the future society，Based on the morality of enlightenment，It is the absorption and conversion of it，Is freedom and inevitable、Individual and class、The real solution between the contradiction between the existence and the essence。So，Marx does not stay in the market economy and democratic politics，Instead, trying to promote the liberation of political liberation into human liberation，In -depth criticism of modern society through political economics。Basic contradictions in the development of human society and the inherent contradictions of the capitalist society make the capitalist society go crisis and perish，The liberation of the proletarian social liberation as the liberation of people is possible，In the end, the society has changed and "the morality of the real person" becomes reality。Speaking，New materialism formed by the help of philosophical changes based on practical activities，Historical science or materialist view formed by practical materialism interpretation of human society，Criticism with political economics with the help of capitalist pathological analysis and criticism，Marx's absorption and conversion of enlightenment ideals，Thoughts of ideological bet365 live casino games changes in enlightenment moral planning，It also realized the essential distinction of German conceptual theory。

　　(This article is the National Social Science Fund project "Marx's Critical Ethics and Research on Modernity and its Significance" (19BZX008) phase results)

(Author Unit: College of Marxism University in Sun Yat -sen)