bet365 coupon code neo-Marxist theory gradually formed and developed into a branch of Marxist theory that cannot be ignored in the middle of the 20th century。One of the main active sites of the Yugoslav Practitioners - Korcula Summer Academy,Once developed into an international academic exchange platform,Not only promotes academic discussions among different schools of neo-Marxism in Eastern Europe,More attracted people like Mandel、Fromm、Habermas、Participation of representative figures of Western Marxism such as Bloch。
However,Enter the 21st century,bet365 coupon code seems to have gradually faded out of the field of theoretical research due to historical realities - except for the continuation of the Budapest School in Australia,Almost all other genres fell into silence,Theoretical creation has been lost - it has become a "past tense"。But,It is precisely the glory of bet365 coupon code and the theoretical characteristics demonstrated in a specific era that determine its important value in foreign Marxist research。In fact,As a result of the integration of Eastern Europe’s unique cultural tradition and Marxist theory,Eastern European neo-Marxist theory shows the inherent unity of cultural criticism and political economic criticism。Their theoretical attention to the historical destiny of socialism and their practical efforts to diversify the exploration of socialist roads,It also provides a unique dimension of practical significance,And constitutes the possible dimension of further research on neo-Marxism in Eastern Europe。
Criticism and Construction: Dimensions of bet365 coupon code Construction of Socialism
The theoretical tradition of Western Marxism and bet365 coupon code,From the perspective of its creation, it can be traced back to the theoretical critical turn initiated by Lukács,Self-positioning as a social critical theory。But,bet365 coupon code is completely different from Western Marxism in terms of realistic perspective,And based on this, it formed its own theoretical characteristics,Concerns about the reality of socialism and its historical destiny。
bet365 coupon code continued and developed Lukács、The important ideological theme of Gramsci and other early Western Marxist representatives’ reflections on the European proletarian revolution。The realistic situation of the European proletarian revolution is one of the realistic foundations and important themes for the emergence of early Western Marxism,However,This theme gradually faded out of the vision of Western Marxism in the subsequent theoretical development。Opposite,Due to the practice of socialism,Reflections on the European proletarian movement and even European socialism constitute an important theoretical dimension of bet365 coupon code。In the process of reinterpreting Marx’s theory and focusing on revealing the philosophical implications of Marx’s critique of political economy,bet365 coupon code in the context of socialism,Attempting to use theoretical criticism to promote more profound and comprehensive changes in Eastern European society,And in the economy、Politics、Theoretical construction of socialism itself in many fields such as culture。
For example,Yugoslav Practical School,On the one hand, it criticizes the economistic view of European socialism,On the other hand, it conducts an in-depth analysis of Yugoslavia’s socialist reform and the reality of being forced to participate in the world market。On this basis,The Yugoslav Practical School attempts to conduct a theoretical discussion on commodity production under the background of socialism,And put forward the socialist idea of "workers' autonomy"。Although this radical idea is fundamentally divorced from the real economic basis,But it still formed a relatively independent Yugoslav socialist economic and political theory。For that matter,The socialist context of bet365 coupon code gives its critical theory unique constructiveness,Theoretical exploration and construction of the diversification of socialist roads,And constitutes an important part of Eastern European socialist theory。
Foundation and Road: Dimensions of Examination bet365 coupon code Typology of Ownership Forms
In a sense,The theoretical divisions and respective development approaches between bet365 coupon code and Western Marxism are a clear theoretical portrayal of the rise and fall of the European proletarian movement and socialism (leaving aside for the time being the realistic socialist background of bet365 coupon code,French academic circles in the mid-20th century,Especially the discussion of related issues by French left-wing thought is typical in the Western Marxist tradition)。Therefore,If viewed from a global perspective,Whether it is Western Marxism or bet365 coupon code,Whether it is its successful experience in theory and practice or the lessons of failure,While having theoretical significance,It also has a certain significance as a "typology" of the socialist approach。It can be said,From the perspective of the diversification of socialist roads,The intrinsic connection and historical destiny between the proletarian revolution in Western Europe and the failure of socialist construction in Eastern Europe reveals two "typology" examination paradigms,That is, the possibility of cultural type and ownership form type。
In fact,In "Economic Manuscripts 1857-1858",Marx discussed various forms of production before capitalism,Specifies "property originally (in its Asiatic、Slavic、Ancient、Germanic form) means,A relationship in which the laboring (producing) subject (or the subject reproducing itself) regards the conditions of his own production or reproduction as his own",And pointed out that "the Asian form will definitely remain the strongest and longest-lasting"。Visible,Marx has noticed the differences and particularities between the old communities。In Capital,Marx once again mentioned this issue in the form of a commentary。Therefore,Marx not only paid attention to the diachronic development process bet365 coupon code original form of public ownership,At the same time, we are also trying to further reveal the synchronic relationship formed by the division of historical processes。Based on this,In the preface to the 1882 Russian edition bet365 coupon code Communist Manifesto,Marx and Engels clearly raised the issue of Russia’s socialist approach,That is, direct transition to the advanced form of communist public ownership,We still have to go through the disintegration process of Western historical development,And pointed out that "if the Russian revolution will become a signal for the proletarian revolution in the West and the two sides complement each other,Then the current public ownership of land in Russia can become the starting point for the development of communism”。
In fact,Marx’s “typological” discussion of ownership forms has not yet been included in the research horizons of Western Marxism and bet365 coupon code,This can precisely open up a deepening direction for the study of bet365 coupon code。Of course,This research direction may rely on a kind of Marxism in the West、The formation and development of a comparative perspective on the fusion of perspectives between bet365 coupon code and even Marxism in the Chinese context (this perspective is gradually taking shape in our country’s academic circles)。At the same time,The formation and development of this comparative perspective can also promote the further enrichment and development of Marx’s related thoughts。
Experiences and Lessons: Dimensions of Exploring the Diversification bet365 coupon code
The exploration of the diversification of socialist roads should become one of the important dimensions of the above perspective,Because the diversification of socialist roads itself contains universality and particularity、Possibility and reality、Philosophical relations such as contingency and necessity。Neo-Marxism goes silent in Eastern Europe,After the socialist context gradually fades away from the perspective of Western Marxism,The exploration of the socialist road is fully demonstrated in the practical form of the socialist road with Chinese characteristics。But,This does not mean that the attention that bet365 coupon code once paid to the theme of socialism has completely lost its practical significance。In the process of constructing the contemporary socialist theoretical system,Whether it is successful experience or failed lessons, both should be paid attention to and valued。
In terms of its mirror meaning,Starting from Marx’s discussion of types of ownership,bet365 coupon code in the process of theoretical construction of socialism and diversified exploration of socialist paths,There is no in-depth discussion or attempt to explore the many possibilities of socialist ownership forms,So much so that its focus on the realistic destiny of socialism remains at an abstract theoretical level。In this sense,For Eastern European neo-Marxist theory,Especially discuss its discussion on socialist economy in the context of socialist practice,Revealing its theoretical contribution and bias in the sense of Marx’s “typology” of ownership,Not only can it enable us to rediscover its theoretical value,And for the understanding of “public ownership as the main body,The particularity of the ownership form of "the common development of multiple ownership economies" has certain academic significance。
(Author’s unit: School of Marxism, Party School of Heilongjiang Provincial Committee bet365 coupon code Communist Party of China)
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