The Frankfurt School known for its critical theory，Formation of a "constellation" composed of different modalities of criticism，In this constellation, "bet365 champions league" criticism runs throughout，It mainly presents dialectics、Psychoanalysis and the triple approach to intersubjectivity。Study the Frankfurt School’s approach to criticism of “bet365 champions league” and its shortcomings，It has certain academic significance for expanding China’s foreign Marxist research。

　　The dialectical path of “bet365 champions league” criticism

In the Frankfurt School，Horkheimer and Adorno jointly created the dialectical path of "bet365 champions league" criticism。In their opinion，“In dialectical thinking，Everything is what it is，At the same time, it transforms into something other than what it is”，What "Dialectics of Enlightenment" criticizes is precisely the transformation of bet365 champions league into "something other than what it is"。Their focus is the development of human bet365 champions league，By generalizing the concept of enlightenment，Discusses the transformation of human beings from barbarism to bet365 champions league，The development process from bet365 champions league to barbarism。Horkheimer and Adorno examined enlightenment and myth in the "collapse process of contemporary bourgeois bet365 champions league"、The relationship between enlightenment and rule，Shows us the reversal logic of enlightenment re-entering mythology step by step and enlightenment becoming a new rule step by step。

Horkheimer and Adorno defined the program of enlightenment as “dispelling myths，And replace fantasy with knowledge”，It is the realization of this program that creates bourgeois bet365 champions league。With the enhancement of human subject power，The mythical world is broken，Reason replaces the divine image of God，But it itself has become a new sacred image，Humanity has fallen into a new myth。Enlightenment retreating into mythology，It also means that bourgeois bet365 champions league has become a new mythical world，In this world，“Myth has become secularized”，Fetishism is the biggest myth of secularization，The criticism of bet365 champions league eventually turned into a criticism of commodity fetishism。

In the retreat from bet365 champions league to barbarism，Enlightenment has not only become a new myth，It has become a kind of rule，This retrogression has brought disaster to mankind。Here in Horkheimer and Adorno，The spirit of enlightenment is the spiritual essence of human society entering bet365 champions league，That is, "get rid of fear，Establish independence”。"Dialectic of Enlightenment" begins with Bacon's "knowledge is power" as the main theme of enlightenment，And further illustrates that the bourgeoisie has transformed knowledge into technology，In turn, strength becomes a kind of power，“Technology is power” is the “truth” of bourgeois bet365 champions league。“Knowledge is not content with showing people the truth，Only ‘Operation’。”Enlightenment as a “ruling force” is to dominate all things，And by “acting on human existence and consciousness”。Therefore，Enlightenment not only changes the destiny of nature and man，And it has plunged the entire human bet365 champions league into a self-inflicted disaster。This kind of disaster is not only manifested in the degeneration of enlightenment rationality into instrumental rationality，The logic of numbers spreads from the field of production to the field of popular culture，Became “the enlightenment of mass deception”，It is more manifested as the conspiracy between enlightenment rationality and totalitarianism，Ultimately leading to the emergence of the Auschwitz concentration camp in reality as the most extreme expression of identity consciousness，Human bet365 champions league is also completely shrouded in disaster，Going to the opposite side of oneself。

　　The psychoanalytic path of “bet365 champions league” criticism

The psychoanalytic path is another path of criticism of "bet365 champions league" pioneered by the first generation of Frankfurt School scholars，The pioneers of this approach, represented by Marcuse, criticize the bet365 champions league of developed industrial societies from the perspective of the relationship between bet365 champions league and instinct，And this criticism mainly relies on psychoanalytic theory。Marcuse explicitly said，Eros and bet365 champions league "aims to make a contribution to the philosophy of psychoanalysis rather than to psychoanalysis itself"。In this sense，Marcuse turned psychological categories into political issues，Psychoanalytic theory was introduced into critical social theory，Becomes a general analysis of the times，To criticize the combination of progress and slavery in developed industrial bet365 champions league and question its legitimacy and rationality。

In Freud，bet365 champions league and instinct are in conflict，Because the entire modern bet365 champions league is represented by bourgeois bet365 champions league，This is a "work-oriented" bet365 champions league based on reality，Marcuse demonstrated that the pursuit of bet365 champions league is people's actual needs from the conflict between instinct and bet365 champions league in the choice of progress。In his opinion，The reason why people sacrifice their instinctive pursuit of happiness to pursue bet365 champions league，It’s not because people don’t want happiness，But because with the development of production and technology，Living conditions are better，People can get more satisfaction、Live a better life。The problem in today’s era is that the acceleration of progress is linked to the intensification of unfreedom，And it has become a common phenomenon in the entire industrial civilized world。

The transition from the pleasure principle to the reality principle shows the development process from instinct to bet365 champions league，There is repression in the transition from the pleasure principle to the reality principle。But this kind of repression is "basic repression"，In Marcuse’s view，The problem is not basic repression，But "extra depression"，Additional repression follows the operating principle as the "current historical form of the reality principle"。It is precisely because of the popularity of operating principles，As a result, at this "moment when it seemed possible for people to establish a truly free world", "the most effective conquest and destruction of people by man" occurred。This moment was called "the pinnacle of bet365 champions league" by Marcuse，The reason why "the original people" accepted the rule，Such as lack、The moment when hard labor disappears，But at this moment，With the progress of human bet365 champions league and the development of science and technology，What people see is the suppression of human instinct and the restriction of freedom by the operating principle，Freedom and slavery are naturally combined。It is precisely based on this consideration，Marcuse focused on the level of survival and existence to discuss the issue of liberation，Since economic and political methods can no longer awaken people’s pursuit of liberation in this society，He resorted to psychological factors to examine their impact on the development of human bet365 champions league，I also hope to reverse the direction of progress from a repressive bet365 champions league to a non-repressive bet365 champions league，Find the possibility of establishing true freedom。

　　The intersubjective approach of “bet365 champions league” criticism

Different from the first generation of Frankfurt School scholars who criticized "bet365 champions league" from the opposition and deviation between barbarism and instinct and bet365 champions league，Habermas’s exploration of bet365 champions league starts from the inside，He focuses on the issue of modernity，This is a problem that accompanies the development of European bet365 champions league and is generated within it。Discuss its fate，In fact, we are exploring the fate of bet365 champions league。Habermas adopts an intersubjective approach to his criticism of “bet365 champions league”，“The normative connotation of modernity can only be interpreted under the sign of intersubjectivity”。He tried to go through this path，Reconstructing the collapsed enlightenment in Horkheimer and Adorno，Thus finding a path beyond modern bet365 champions league。

Hegel regarded the freedom of subjectivity as the principle of modern society，In modern society，The freedom of subjectivity is mainly reflected on the transcendental level，At the level of experience, human freedom is still controlled。Human being as subject is the dual existence of transcendental subject and empirical subject，The freedom of the transcendental subject and the unfreedom of the empirical subject are in the same process，How to bridge the gap between the two，bet365 champions league is a question Habermas is thinking about。Habermas resorted to intersubjectivity to solve bet365 champions league problem，Emphasizes that individuals “can only integrate into an inter-subjective shared life world，Only in order to become a subject with language and behavioral abilities”，Trying to start from an intersubjectivity paradigm that is different from the subject-object paradigm of traditional philosophy of consciousness，Completing the “unfinished project” of modernity。

In the process of completing modernity，Habermas examines organized capitalist society，Consider the legitimation crisis closely related to intersubjectivity as a special crisis of bet365 champions league society，“The overcoming of the crisis means the liberation of the subject in crisis”。Liberating the subject in crisis，Needs to be achieved through dialogue and interaction，These are the two most core contents related to intersubjectivity，The realization of both requires resorting to the language of "words and deeds"，Because language is not only needed for inter-subject dialogue，It is also the need for inter-subject communication。Habermas uses his discourse ethics to construct an "ideal speaking situation"，Weiyou Culture、Society、The possibility of mutual understanding and communication between subjects in the life world composed of individuals。

Adorno said when talking about the criticism of ontology，“It is not a matter of condescendingly judging this ontology，But out of its own problematic need to understand it and to criticize it immanently”，The same applies to the criticism of the Frankfurt School’s “bet365 champions league” criticism。The Frankfurt School’s three-fold approach to criticism of “bet365 champions league”，Highlights bet365 champions league and barbarism、bet365 champions league and instinct、The relationship between bet365 champions league and modernity，Criticized the price modern bet365 champions league has paid to mankind and the disasters it has brought to mankind，Looking for the possibility of reversing the direction of modern bet365 champions league and building a new bet365 champions league。But，Due to the limitations of their theory，This criticism only remains in absolute negation and opposition，The construction is too ideal and far away from reality。In this sense，We must launch a real criticism of modern bet365 champions league，We still need to return to Marx’s critique of political economy。The Frankfurt School has gradually moved away from Marx’s criticism of political economy as shown in its development process，Perhaps this is the fundamental reason for the shortcomings in their criticism of "bet365 champions league"。

　　(Author’s unit: Research Center for Basic Philosophy Theory of Jilin University)