Communication is the basic way of existence of human beings，It is a manifestation of human social relationships，Therefore, the study of the problem of communication is fundamentally related to the basic problem of people itself。From the entire German philosophy until Marx's thought development process，Interchange problem is an important clue that runs through。This clue has gone through the beginning of the idea of ​​interaction in Kant's historical philosophy，After discussing the mutual recognition of interpersonal and inter -subjectivity from Fishte，To Hegel more realisticly discuss the needs of civic society、Labor、Questions of exchanges such as property and exchange，Then go to Marx's logical process of people's communication form from the perspective of materialist history and political economics critical。

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Critical philosophy of Kant essentially reflects the tradition of modern individualism，His moral doctrine is mainly to demonstrate the freedom and dignity of the individual。but，Kant's late historical philosophy breaks through moral individualism，Start paying attention to people's communication issues。About Enlightenment，He believes that not only everyone needs to get rid of immature state，Courage to use your own reason and independent thinking，Social environment that must be allowed to express their ideas and opinions publicly to the public。​​This open state refers to the social and political conditions of the free communication required for enlightenment。Kant believes，Only personal independent thinking without free communication atmosphere and political environment，Enlightenment cannot be completed。About history，Kant clearly realized，It is not the purpose bet365 live casino games and will of a single person，but the joint force of everyone's will，The evolution of history is achieved in interpersonal communication。In this kind of communication process，Human nature reflects a kind of "non -social society"，That is, people have the social nature of entering the social interaction，There is also a non -socialist that gets rid of the existence of isolation for its own interests。This kind of non -social sociality also reflects the nature of human beings in need of social interaction。About business，Kant's important means of realizing universal exchanges for human beings。He thinks，Business spirit is manifested as "self -interest"，Social business will definitely replace non -social war，Realize the satisfaction of your own needs and the satisfaction of others、Unification of self -interest and altruism。From the historical goal of Kant，Commercial exchanges will guide humans to get rid of the state of war，Towards permanent peace。But Kant's thought on communication issues，It has not risen to the theme of philosophy。

The important breakthrough of Ficht on the issue of communication is，His importance to mutual recognition between people。Fisht focused on how people become people through mutual recognition in the field of legal and ethics，The first time in German classical philosophy was proposed, the subject of the subjectiveness。Logically,，The prerequisite for mutual recognition to constitute social interaction。The realist tendency of Ficht's interaction thought is manifested in his profound recognition，The recognition and communication between people must be based on the recognition of each other in the community，Otherwise, it is empty and false，Can't construct stable and orderly laws -ethical community。Allen Wood in his new "Fisht's Ethics Thought" focused on the idea of ​​Ficht's interaction，pointed out the important role played in the construction of future rational society Bet365 app download in the future。Wood regards Ferchit's ethics as a theory about such a rational society，This rational society is a society that is free and collectively shaped through rational communication。The starting point of the ethical obligation system is a theory about the way humans should adopt each other，The reason why humans interact with each other，For the purpose of being able to move towards them、Consensus of principles and common living methods。But Fechit's practical philosophy did not build interpersonal communication on the lively real life，Acknowledging relationships at the rational level of legal relationships and ethical relationships only。

　　Civil society and communication theory

Hegel's civil society theory has raised communication to a new height。Hegel's theory of communication has been explained in the early days of its Jear，It can be said that the deepening and development of Ferchit's recognition of theory。Hegel in "Ethics System" and "Drafting of Jea System" based on realistic positions，Labor in citizens、Understand the interaction of people in property and exchange。In his opinion，Labor and property are not what they are on a single person，but what they treat everyone。Hegel divides the labor area into personal labor and universal labor，and emphasize the inevitability of personal labor to universal labor。In the "Need" system，Everyone has formed "a commonly dependent relationship with each other"，Everyone worked for others to meet the needs，Others also work for him，So，Personal labor is effective only when it is transformed into universal labor。This effective conversion is actually the process of exchanging labor products and interpersonal communication in a single person's labor in civic society。Generally reflects the socialization of labor and the socialization of people itself，This socialization is communication。Hegel pointed out: "I through labor，Switch，Get everything in the recognition。Bet365 lotto review "property is also the same，It is used as a recognition，It is both personal property，At the same time, it is also a common property，Because personal property is a generally recognized property，The reliability of a single personal property is the reliability of everyone's property。Hegel puts forward in the "Principles of Law Philosophy"，In such a civic society, interpersonal communication is the entire realistic situation and all public order and good customs。The concept of interaction in Hegel refers to the objects involved in the freedom of speech and commercial trade limited by Kant，It also exceeds the legal relationship and ethical relationship limited by Fichut，and become a family、Society、Country、Cultural tradition、"Dharma", including all practical factors such as custom practice。This is exactly the key to Hegel's ethics that really surpass Kant and Ficht's ethics。Hegel with labor、property and exchange to real intermediary to explain the relationship between people and people，Bishete focuses on a great step in reality in a priority way to demonstrate the recognition relationship between people。Hegel has begun to regard the relationship between interaction as the production and exchange relationship between people，and realize that people can become people only in social relations。

　　The inheritance and transcendence of Marx's interaction thought to German classical philosophy

Marx starts from interpreting the phenomenon of communication in the social context of Hegel civic，Thoughts of developing people's practicality and social relations，Finally, the social interaction thought of historical materialism。Marx emphasizes that people are the product of social relations，People become people in the process of social interaction。Fechit has realized that people can become people and free and rational people in society only in mutual recognition relationships。Hegel realized more deeply，With this kind of mutual recognition is the arrival of a civic bet365 Play online games society，In this system that meets the universal dependencies that meets each other，People pass through labor、Property、Exchange and contracts such as interpersonal communication。This provides a preparation for the formation of the ideas of thought of Marx's social interaction。but，Their understanding of "people" is still abstract after all，Leave the real material living conditions of reality，Leave from the material interaction relationship of various historical stages。Marx pointed out: "What do they do，This is consistent with their production -what they produce with them，How to produce with them。Therefore，What is personal，This depends on the material conditions they produce。"When Marx defined" people "，The interaction really begins to show the appearance of historical materialism。

Marx's advocates form of communication is determined by the historic development of specific productive forces，Specific productivity must always be compatible with specific communication forms。Productivity Decision Form，and the form of communication is counterproductive。Marx proposed historical conflict and development、The more replacement of social forms is rooted in the contradiction between productivity and communication forms，This reflects the essence of the interaction thoughts of Marx's materialist history，It is difficult for German classical philosophers to reach。At the same time，Marx also pointed out the basic form of labor (production) and exchange constitutes social interaction，In a modern capitalist society，Commodity exchange develops into a form of alienation for communication。Marx pointed out in "Mueller Review"，In this true state，Products obtained by the workers through their own labor，On the one hand，This reflect his personality and characteristics，On the other hand, it also meets the needs of others，Replenish the essence of others。So，Workers have realized social communication Bet365 lotto review through production and exchange，and realized people itself in this socialization process，Rich and developed people itself。But，Marx deeply see，In a capitalist society，Commodity exchange brings people's alienation，Interpersonal communication is in a state of alienation of commodity worship。Currency leads to alienation of people itself，The credit system brings a loss of moral personality，Commodity exchange becomes an activity that deprives people of their own rights。Marx focused on the economic exchanges with commodity exchange as the main form of commodity exchange as the main form of commodity exchange。Marx started in depth from political economy and studied in -depth labor、Commodity、Value、currency and capital，The use of economic exchanges in the field of economic philosophy replaces mutual recognition，profoundly revealed the production method of capitalism and the production relationship and exchange relationship that is compatible with it。So，In the Marx's communication theory, such a two -rhythm back: on the one hand, people can realize social exchanges only through production and exchange，So becomes a person itself，But on the other hand，It is in the private ownership -based commodity exchange，Dressing gets a form of alienation that it cannot get rid of，Make people into a slave to exchange value。Marx Profile，Only eliminating private ownership，Destroy employment labor relationship，Enter the communist society，Human social interactions can reach its highest form or true state，Union of Liberty。Marx inherited the idea of ​​the communication of German classical philosophy in a critical way，These ideas have been greatly developed from the height of historical materialism，Further launching a survey of alienation of the communication of capitalist society，and scientifically reveal the essence of capitalist production methods from the perspective of criticism bet365 best casino games of political economics。Marx's concept of communication is neither just freedom of speech and business interaction，It is not a priority interpretation of the inter -subjective nature，No longer stays in the realism of citizens' society，Instead, it has opened a new paradigm for historical materialism research，Provides us with a wider perspective for understanding the relationship between people and people and people。In this way，We also associate Marx and German classical philosophy again。

　　(This article is the State Social Science Foundation Project "Research on Economic Philosophy in German Classical Period" (18BZX088) phased achievement)

(Author Unit: College of Marxism University of Fudan University)