Marx's alienation theory provides important ideological inspiration and theoretical resources for foreign Marxism in the 20th century。Eastern European New Marxist theorist generally attaches importance to Marx's alienation theory。This is not only because it is in line with the humanitarian stance of the new Marxism in Eastern Europe，And because it meets the theoretical requirements of criticizing the dilemma of human survival in the 20th century because it meets the new Marxism in Eastern Europe。From the perspective of the new Marxist theorist in Eastern Europe，In the 20th century, not only did not eliminate alienation，And produced a general alienation，Alienation has become a "overall" social historical phenomenon。and，They regard the alienation of the personality and freedom of the person as the fundamental expression of the profound crisis of modern rational civilization。

Based on the above consensus，Eastern European New Marxist theorist has a critical interpretation of alienation from different angles。Malcowovich is based on the essence of people's practical activities and structural alienation of people into a "critical social philosophy" reflection，It is believed that alienation is essentially alienated with their own practice。Saifu systematically explained the concept of Marx's alienation，I believe that the existing world is in terms of objects and subjects，In the economy、Politics and cultural levels are alienating，That is the upside down of man and its product。Herle extends alienation into daily critical and moral philosophy，reveals the possibility of transcending bet365 Play online games people from the natural state of self -spontaneous spontaneity。Kosick is mainly committed to revealing the deep structure of modern alienation，It is believed that alienation is fundamentally manifested as a "specific overall" loss of people and social realities。Although these alienation theoretical forms are different，But they failed to deal with it well with the facts、subject and object、The contradiction between theoretical and reality。

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When using the concept of alienation to criticize social reality，Eastern European New Marxist theorists consciously or unconsciously preset people's response status。This state is fundamentally different from and opposed to alienation state，The specific manifestation of the value of value of the freedom of the person is affirmed: the essence of "practice" inherent in Malcow Vich is，The inner "essential power" manifested in Malkushy，The priority of human priority in Herle and Bowman。Not only that，As a person who can and should become，This state is a general standard for measuring and critical social reality。For those who deviate from this state and try to suppress or eliminate it，It seems that you can obtain instructions through the category of alienation。From this，Modernity is determined to be alienated because of its abstract rationality of the people and its life world。

The question lies in，This general standard to measure the state of state or value specifications that should be used as a general standard for measuring alienation status。If the value specification is fundamentally decided by society，So general、Unchanged value specifications do not exist。Obviously，Eastern European New Marxist theorist has not further explained this。Although they strictly oppose the value of value from the Bet365 app download perspective of absoluteism，Although they are also looking for the basis for Marx as the theoretical authority and the disturbing social reality，But these are not suspected of being exempted from the arbitrary theory。The further problem is，Even if the value specification is used, it can be ruthlessly criticized for reality and then solve the mystery of society in a certain dimension，But the radical use of value specifications also limits their theoretical imagination。There will be complicated social events、Phenomenon and processes incorporate into the value of value theory，The result of the result is deformation in abstraction，and this deformation further affects them accurately for reality、Deep judgment。Eastern European new Marxist theorists who have always stayed in the humanitarian paradigm more in all social reality is that the revolutionary forces hidden in the state of the state，Not the contradictory movement of the real emotional world of human reality。This is not difficult to understand why Herle will do his later theory，Affirmative described as "Positive Stoogeism -Ethician Ethics"。

　　contradiction between the subject and object

This contradiction is concentrated in Shatf, which is a systematic interpretation and creative development of Marx's alienation concept。From the perspective of Shafa，The concept of alienation refers to，People create products，Products in turn dominate people。He originally divides alienation into two types: "objects of the object" and "subjective alienation"。"Alienation of the object" means that people are alienated with their own activities and their results。It has three basic types: alienation of the economy，It is mainly manifested as the intention of the product as the result of the event.，It is mainly manifested in the event of the country Bet365 app download from the society. The alienation of ideological products，The main manifestation is the ideology of ideology to your opposite side。Where，"Alienation of the Economy" is the most fundamental，Determine the generation and solution of the other two alienation。"The subject of the subject" is "a person for social institutions、A alienation relationship between others and self "。It has two main types: alienation of people and society and others，It is indifferent to social norms and order、Rejects or even rebellion;，Show the split of self -consciousness、Survival nihilism、Activation of Action。

About the relationship between "alienation of object" and "alienation of the subject"，Shafv holds an unknown、Even a contradictory point of view。One aspect，In his opinion，"Antiration of the subject" rooted in "the object of object"。If so，All alienation including the subject alienation including the subject is fundamentally to eliminate the alienation of the real world。But his judgment on socialism, which has been eliminated by the private ownership of capitalism，It implies the "alienation of the object" that is not the required condition of "alienation of the subject"。On the other hand，He thinks，"Activity of the subject" influence and restrict the "alienation of the object"。So，The conscious struggle between individual subjects and alienation is an important condition for eliminating alienation。But Shaf emphasized，Human activities are always subject to objective historical laws。Student, a student like Shaf, Tadus Bucker Sindel，This seemingly dialectical solution does not solve all problems。The complex relationship between the subject and the object is far from being clarified by asserting their dialectical adhesive bet365 Play online games relationship。The same contradiction also appeared in other new Eastern Marxist theorists。They have to solve the relationship between the relationship between alienation reality and alienation consciousness。To destroy the consciousness of alienation，They require the reality of alienation; and in order to eliminate alienation reality，They also demand to eliminate alienation consciousness。

　　The contradiction between theory and reality

Marx when criticizing Ferbaha's religious alienation theory，Deeply pointed out: "Ferbaha is religious self -alienation，Starting from the world from the world to the religious world and the secular world。His job is to attribute the religious world to its secular foundation。​​but，The secular foundation allows yourself to separate from yourself，and fixed into an independent kingdom in the sky，This can only be explained with this secular basic self -division and self -contradiction。So，For this secular foundation itself, it should be in itself、Understand from its contradictions，Revolution in practice。"This comments are generally applicable to the new Marxist theorist in Eastern Europe。Although they attribute alienation problems to social reality，and based on existing socialism in Eastern Europe、The capitalism of the 20th century and the entire modern process and the social roots and social mechanisms caused by alienation，But the job they do is far from thorough。They revealed the contradictions of the secular foundation，Including existence and transcendence、Development and self -provincial、contradictions between individuals and society。But they have not fully penetrated into these contradictory real movements，It has not been found that the reality of reality that enables bet365 Play online games the existing world in practice，Instead, more staying on the theoretical level of criticism and disclosure。At this point，Marx emphasized the basic principles of all social reality from the existing economic relationships and their movements.。

Part of the theoretical and practical disconnection makes their doctrine how much the color of utopia。They are full of awe of the essential power of people，And believe that this power has a significant social and political significance，So，They returned to the depths of human nature，The possibility of discovering the reality of change is expected。Although they explore socialist reform with passion，But this exploration is tragic，Even the tragedy。The reform of socialism in Eastern Europe is finally frustrated or failed，Even if the practice of autonomous socialist practice in Yugoslavia continues a long time，It's hard to say that it succeeds。One of the important reasons is，The principle proposed by their reform plan is still abstract，This is the principle of shift or departure to laid the root in the specific implementation process。

But overall，Although there are such contradictions，We should not doubt the wisdom of the Eastern European New Marxist theorist。They clean up the theory of Marx's alienation，and use it to carry out "pathological diagnosis" for the survival dilemma of modern people，Put forward the "treatment method"，and then developed the spirit of criticism of Marxism，Highlight the contemporary value of Marxism。Just the socialist reality fate of various countries in Eastern Europe has not given these theorists more opportunities to practice its theory，Therefore, these theoretical wisdom dust is sealed in history。

　(This article is the Study Research on the National Social Science Fund Youth Project "Research on Marx History Copycare theory" (17czx001) phased achievement)

(Author Unit: School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Harbin University of Engineering)