In the definition of people or essential discussions，The materialist camp has two opposing theoretical judgments，One is that Marx believes that "free conscious activities are just human -like"，The other is the view of Latin Teri "people is a machine"。With the development of capital economy and technology，People are alienated into machines，Make it approach to some extent。The nature of the person that Marx once said and the social relationship of the person is challenged。What's even worse，The possibility of "machine is human" with the development of technology will also be presented。

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Marx thinks，The primary prerequisite for all human survival and history is the production material life itself。People in order to meet their own material production needs，Science and Technology first appears as a tool in labor。where Marx is there，People are not an abstract concept，but a realistic existence。Labor practice is the essence of human development，Practice constitutes a human lifestyle，Science and technology is a part of people who exist in practice to achieve freedom。

Marx starts from human labor practice，It is believed that the essence of human categories is the basis for the development and application of all science and technology。Marx also mentioned in "The Manuscript of Economics of 1844": "If you look at the public display of the essential power of the industry in the industry，So the essence of people in nature，or the natural nature of people，It can be understood。"Industry，，Reflecting the relationship between Bet365 lotto review man and nature，The essence of technology is the performance of human nature or human essence.，Industry is a public display of human essence for power。The machine as a labor tool and intermediary as the manifestation of the machine，Its essence is the externalization of human essence。People in order to meet their own production development needs，Gradually develop the machine into an important part of production activities，means production information。People are in the main position，The machine is in the object of the object，The machine is improving production efficiency at this time、Existence of liberating productivity。Marx pointed out: "The production process has become a scientific application，and science in turn becomes the factors that are so -called functions。"" At this time，The development of all new technologies is only used as the development of human production tools，Science and technology is included in production activities，The technological revolution has greatly promoted the productivity to productivity- "Science and Technology is the first productive forces"。Technology is one of the most basic for human pursuit of free activities、The most important practical activity。

　　As a machine

With the development of Greater Industry，Technology and capital entangled with each other，Further bound by capital binding，Science and technology can affect and act on the material production materials of a specific society，Even the materialized product of science and technology -the machine has also become a thing of exploiting workers with the exploitors，instead of the means and tools of human liberation。Technology becomes an autonomy、Relatively independent autonomous power。Marx once said: "In our time，Everything bet365 live casino games seems to contain its own negative。... Our discovery and progress，It seems that the result is to make the material power rational life，And the life of a person turns into dull material power。"Science publicized the tool rationality，but blocked the significance of human survival，People have fallen into dependence on technology，alienation labor、Human alienation and technical alienation coexist。People’s labor is no longer irreplaceable，A person's self -awareness and real life occur at the same time，People become the accessories of the machine。

Alienation in the field of self -consciousness is spread from the production field。In production practice，Technology has changed from tools to capital rule and exploitation producers，As a result, we are becoming more and more slaves、materialization and non -humanization。An important manifestation of technology alienation here is that there is an extreme development of technology in terms of understanding and transforming the objective world -separation of science and technology from humanistic phase。Technology and labor are no longer a tool for free liberation of people，No longer contains humanistic spirit，On the contrary, more of them are material wealth and capital logic。This means，Technology exacerbates our alienation into a superior animal that pursues material wealth，People gradually converge，That is, people are one -way person。

Alienation in real life is the occurrence of the practice of life with technology。Virtual and actual is originally a binary opposition，But with the rapid development of science and technology，Technology eliminates the dual opposite of the virtual and real and real and real。The main source of people's cognition Bet365 lotto review has changed from personal experience or feelings to a mass media or virtual world，The boundary between the virtual and real and real and the real is blurred at this time。Human beings have entered the "Super True" world composed of the rune code，True true and vague disappearance。The question of the fusion of virtual and realism is the doubt about "how to be a person"。"The essence of a person is not an abstract object inherent in a single person，In its reality，It is the sum of all social relations。"When the social relationship of a person becomes virtual、Mechanical、Unidirectional，Then a person will be alienated by mechanized production into a machine component of the machine。

Marx、Hedgger、Malcuscer has criticized this。Heidegger asked the essence of technology，It is believed that modern technology has become a "restriction" restraint people。Marx and Marcuscei are based on the criticism of capitalism and people's alienation，Finally, the goal of achieving human liberation。Malcuscer's abstract essence starting critical technology itself，and Marx starts from practice，It is believed that alienation labor is also an alienation of human nature，Alienation labor reverse this relationship，Your own essence becomes just a means to maintain your own survival。The essence of technical alienation is actually the rule of capital to people，Therefore, technology makes people non -humanized。Generally speaking，Technology originally existed as a tool that transformed nature as a person，But now gradually alienation becomes a person's purpose，The irreplaceable self -awareness and personal actual needs in the original labor practice have gradually been blurred by technology bet365 live casino games alienation，People’s live labor is no longer irreplaceable in material production activities，No longer a person created machine，but the machine creator。

　　As a man's machine

In the era of the industrial revolution，Human dependence on the machine is lower，Only part of the labor that can only replace people。After the Third Science and Technology Revolution，Most of people's production and social communication activities rely on smartphones、Computer and other machines to complete，Thinking is transmitted through machine expression; smartphones have become better memory storage tools than human brain; facing problems，The rational thinking under the guidance of the personal knowledge system gradually turns to the network search of machinery; human activities are attached to the machine，Algorithms are smarter than people in some aspects，Machine and network connect to become the second person's brain，Place of conscious activity。All life activities of a person are carried out with the activity of the machine，and gradually replaced by the machine，Smart machines have become the key to human value to realize their self -worth。Marx pointed out，The existence of a species lies in the form of its life activities，"Maintain your own survival in the process of using tools to actively transform naturally，So，Practice constitutes the nature of human special life activities，It constitutes the way of human existence "。If the "Siber" arrives，Machine and artificial intelligence becomes the practitioner of all material production，Become an independent existence that can be separated from others; and people become tools for being ruled by machine，Thoroughly alienated into part of the machine，No bet365 live casino games more production practice，Does the world of a person still make sense?

On the issue of the existence of people，Descartes thinks "I think I am"，But this is just a logical argument。Heidegger believes that the focus of existence is human survival，Only by the "person" of the existence can it lead to "existence"，The existence of a person is survival。Zhao Tingyang believes that "I am in my business"，"My Own" is the proof of the existence of "I am"，The reason why people exist is because people do some behavior (to do)，People have meaning because of action (to do)。Marx also clearly stated in the "Manuscript of Economics of 1844": "All the features of a species、The type of species is the nature of life activities，and the person's class characteristics are exactly free and conscious activities。》 "The practice constitutes a human lifestyle、On the premise of creating the world in practice，When the machine completes all the material production activities instead of people，People's "To DO" (to do "reduced to the minimum，The world is no longer created by people，Then the existence of a person becomes meaningless，It can even be said that people no longer exist。The human world will also disappear，The meaning of the world and the meaning of human began to eliminate。

So from this perspective，Extremely developed by the unity of technology，In the end, the direction may not be "human liberation" but "human dissolution"。Marx proposed in the "Communist Declaration": "Instead of the old -bourgeois society that exists in the old and the class，will be such a consortium，Where，The free development of everyone is the condition of all people's free development。"Although Marx and Engels did not explicitly point out what is the specific Bet365 app download practical channels and methods to the ideal society，But obviously the unity development of the technology cannot reach the "Liberty Unite"。The nature of tool technology depends on the social system and application，The adaptability of social applications becomes the key to thinking。

　(Author Unit: Department of Philosophy of Capital Normal University)